Iron sand-based Mn0.3Fe2.7O4 nanofluid as a new magnetic field sensor

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia

2 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Gunadarma University, Indonesia

3 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia

4 Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Technology Malaysia, Malaysia

10.24200/sci.2025.66893.10313

Abstract

This study investigates successfully producing a Mn0.3Fe2.7O4 nanofluid-based magnetic field sensor from iron sand. The characterization exhibited that Mn0.3Fe2.7O4 nanoparticles covered by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant were fabricated, as demonstrated by the presence of Fe–O and Mn–O from Mn0.3Fe2.7O4, and C=C, CH2, C–H, C–C from PVA. A single-phase spinel cubic structure originating from Mn0.3Fe2.7O4 nanoparticles was formed with a crystallite size of 10.5–13.2 nm. Furthermore, based on the scanning electron microscopy image, the nanoparticles had a spherical shape with a particle size distribution of 23.9–33.3 nm. The band gap value increased with PVA surfactant addition from 3.085 eV to 3.504 eV. The Mn0.3Fe2.7O4 nanoparticles with a PVA surfactant had superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization value of 46.45–36.54 emu/g. Furthermore, as the refractive index value of the filler decreased, it affected the application of an optical-based sensor. The light intensity increases close to the magnetic field since only nanofluids near the external source is exposed to the magnetic field. Interestingly, the light intensity after adding PVA was greater than that of the nanofluids without PVA, i.e., up to 2.1 lux. Thus, Mn0.3Fe2.7O4 nanofluids can be potentially applied as a magnetic field sensor.

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Scientia Iranica

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 15 December 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 28 May 2025
  • Revise Date: 17 November 2025
  • Accept Date: 03 December 2025

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