Magnetorheological fluid: Basic principle, application, and trends

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Division of Civil Engineering Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, India

Abstract

Magnetorheological Fluids (MRF) are used in a wide range of controlled systems. MRFs have found widespread commercial use, particularly in vibration control. MRF is a type of intelligent fluid found in oil carriers. A magnetic field raises a fluid's apparent viscosity until it becomes a viscoelastic solid. A variable magnetic field intensity controls the fluid's yield stress when it is active. Control-based applications can be created by using an electromagnet to control the fluid's ability to transmit force. In MRF, more nuanced ferrofluid particles are used. Brownian motion cannot suspend MR fluid particles in the carrier fluid due to their thickness. Brownian motion suspends nano-sized ferrofluid iron particles, which reduce sedimentation and increases the performance of the MRF. Dampers, brakes, bearings, pneumatic artificial muscles, optics finishing, fluid clutches, and aerospace all use MRF technology. The characteristics, applications, modes, and models of MRF are investigated in this paper. Understanding yielding, flow, and viscoelastic behavior in the presence of shearing fluxes are critical. Various applications of MRF in various domain of engineering is discussed with valid examples. In a concise manner, the author discusses the utility of MRF for active and semi-active vibration control systems.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References:
1.Sidpara, A. and Jain, V.K. “Rheological properties andtheir correlation with surface finish quality in MR fluid-based finishing process”, Machining Science andTechnology, 18(3), pp. 367–385 (2014).https://doi.org/10.1080/10910344.2014.925372.
2.Vikram, G. and Shreedhar, K. “Analysis of rheologicalproperties of MR fluid based on variation inconcentration of iron particles”, American Journal ofNanotechnology, 5(2), pp. 12–16 (2014).
3.Roupec, J., Mazůrek, I., Strecker, Z., et al. “Thebehavior of the MR fluid during durability test”, Journalof Physics. Conference Series, 412, 012024 (2013).https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/412/1/012024.
4.Nagdeve, L., Sidpara, A., Jain, V.K., et al. “On the effect ofrelative size of magnetic particles and abrasive particles inMR fluid-based finishing process”, Machining Science andTechnology, 22(3), pp. 493–506 (2017).https://doi.org/10.1080/10910344.2017.1365899.
5.Sidpara, A., Das, M., and Jain, V.K. “Rheologicalcharacterization of magnetorheological finishing fluid”,Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24(12), pp.1467–1478 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1080/10426910903367410.
6.Yazid, I.I., Mazlan, S.A., Kikuchi, T., et al. “Design ofmagnetorheological damper with a combination of shear and squeeze modes”, Materials in Engineering, 54, pp.87–95 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.07.090.
7.Carlson, J.D., Catanzarite, D.M., and Clair, K.A.St“Lord corporation, 5th Int. Conf. on electro-rheological,Magneto-rheological suspensions and associatedtechnology sheffield”, 10-14 (July 1995).
8.Spencer Jr., B.F., Dyke, S.J., Sain, M.K., et al.“Phenomenological model for magnetorheologicaldampers”, ASCE Journal of Engineering Mechanics,3(230), pp. 230–238 (1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1997)123:3(230).
9.Khajehsaeid, H., Akbari, E., and Jabbari, M.“Magnetorheological fluids”, Applied Complex Flow:Applications of Complex Flows and CFD, pp 125-147(2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7746-6_6.
10.Bai, X., Zhang, X., Choi, Y., et al. “Adaptivemagnetorheological fluid energy absorption systems: Areview”, Smart Materials and Structures, 33:033002 (2024).https://doi.org/10.1088/1361665x/ad278b.
11.Hussain, B. “Characterisation of a gun recoil resistancemodel for use in internal ballistic modelling”, Master ofEngineering THESIS, North-West University (2021).
12.Rahmat, M.S., Hudha, K., Kadir, Z.A., et al. “Vibrationcontrol of gun recoil system with magneto-rheologicaldamper associated with adaptive hybrid skyhook activeforce control”, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 43(5), 279(2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-03001-9.
13.Bajaj, H.M., Birdi, G.S., and Ugale, B.A. “Applicationof Magneto Rheological (MR) fluid and its social impact”, International Journal Mech Prod. Engineering, 2, pp. 83-87 (2014).
14.Dutta, S. and Choi, S. “Control of a shimmy vibration invehicle steering system using a magneto-rheologicaldamper”, Journal of Vibration and Control, 24(4), pp.797–807 (2016).https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546316652786
15.Phu, D.X., Hung, N.Q., and Choi, S. “A novel adaptivecontroller featuring inversely fuzzified values withapplication to vibration control of magneto-rheologicalseat suspension system”, Journal of Vibration andControl, 24(21), pp. 5000-5018 (2017).https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546317740479.
16.Tharehallimata, G., Krishna, H., and Keshav, M.“Characterization of magneto-rheological fluid havingelongated ferrous particles and its implementation inMR damper for three-wheeler passenger vehicle”,Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.Part D, Journal of Automobile Engineering, 237(2–3),pp. 426–439 (2022).https://doi.org/10.1177/09544070221078451.
17.Yoon, J., Kang, B., Kim, J., et al. “New control logicbased on mechanical energy conservation for aircraftlanding gear system with magnetorheological dampers”,Smart Materials and Structures, 29(8), 084003 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab9e11.
18.Han, C., Kang, B., Choi, S., et al. “Control of landingefficiency of an aircraft landing gear system withmagnetorheological dampers”, Journal of Aircraft,56(5), pp. 1980–1986 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035298.
19.Kang, B., Yoon, J., Kim, G., et al. “Landing efficiencycontrol of a six degrees of freedom aircraft model withmagneto-rheological dampers: Part 2-controlsimulation”, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems andStructures, 32(12), pp. 1303–1315 (2020).https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20942593.
20.Chen, D., Fang, Y., Ni, H., et al. “Development of asmall rotary MR brake working in mixed mode forhaptic applications”, IEEE Transactions onInstrumentation and Measurement, 73, pp. 1-12 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3372228.
21.Wang, W., Ji, S., and Zhao, J. “Review ofmagnetorheological finishing on components withcomplex surfaces”, The International Journal ofAdvanced Manufacturing Technology/InternationalJournal, Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 131(5–6), pp. 3165–3191 (2023).https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11611-x.
22.Ghosh, G., Sidpara, A., and Bandyopadhyay, P.“Performance improvement of magnetorheologicalfinishing using chemical etchant and diamond-graphenebased magnetic abrasives”, Precision Engineering, 79, pp. 221–235 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precisioneng.2022.10.008.
23.Xu, J., Li, J., Nie, M., et al. “Material removalmechanism in magnetorheological foam planefinishing”, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 87, pp.168–182 (2023).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2023.01.043.
24.Oh, J., Lee, T., and Choi, S. “Design and analysis of anew magnetorheological damper for generation oftunable Shock-Wave profiles”, Shock and Vibration, pp.1–11 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8963491.
25.Oh, J., Shul, C.W., Kim, T.H., et al. “Dynamic analysisof Sphere-Like iron particles based magnetorheologicaldamper for Waveform-Generating Test System”,International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(3),1149 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031149.
26.Kim, H., Shin, Y., You, W., et al. “A ride qualityevaluation of a semi-active railway vehicle suspensionsystem with MR damper: Railway field tests”,Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.Part F, Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 231(3), pp.306–316 (2016).https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409716629706.
27.Sharma, S.K. and Lee, J. “Design and development ofsmart semi active suspension for nonlinear rail vehiclevibration reduction”, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics/International Journal ofStructural Stability and Dynamics, 20(11), 2050120(2020). https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420501205.
28.Jin, T., Liu, Z., Sun, S., et al. “Development andevaluation of a versatile semi-active suspension systemfor high-speed railway vehicles”, Mechanical Systemsand Signal Processing, 135, 106338 (2020).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.106338.
29.Park, J., Yoon, G., Kang, J., et al. “Design and control ofa prosthetic leg for above-knee amputees operated insemi-active and active modes”, Smart Materials andStructures, 25(8), 085009 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/25/8/085009.
30.Pandit, S., Godiyal, A.K., Vimal, et al. “An affordableInsole-Sensor-Based Trans-Femoral prosthesis fornormal Gait”, Sensors, 18(3), p. 706 (2018).https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030706.
31.Wang, D., Wang, Y., Zi, B., et al. “Development of anactive and passive finger rehabilitation robot usingpneumatic muscle and magnetorheological damper”,Mechanism and Machine Theory, 147, 103762 (2020).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2019.103762.
32.Liu, G., Gao, F., Wang, D., et al. “Medical applicationsof magnetorheological fluid: A systematic review”,Smart Materials and Structures, 31(4), 043002 (2022).https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac54e7.
33.Ramasamy, P., Calderon-Sastre, E., Renganathan, G., etal. “Soft actuators-based skill training wearables: areview on the interaction modes, feedback types, VRscenarios, sensors utilization and applications”,Robomech Journal, 10, p. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40648-023-00239-x.
34.Song, Y., Guo, S., Yin, X., et al. “Design andperformance evaluation of a haptic interface based onMR fluids for endovascular tele-surgery”, MicrosystemTechnologies, 24(2), pp. 909–918 (2017).https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-017-3404-y.
35.Chaudhuri, P., Maity, D., and Maiti, D.K. “Investigationof a diagonal magnetorheological damper for vibrationreduction”, Journal of Vibration Engineering andTechnologies, 10(4), pp. 1451–1471 (2022).https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-022-00458-3.
36.Wani, Z.R., Tantray, M., and Farsangi, E.N. “In-planemeasurements using a novel streamed digital imagecorrelation for shake table test of steel structurescontrolled with MR dampers”, EngineeringStructures/Engineering Structures (Online), 256,113998 (2022).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.113998.
37.Rebecchi, G., Calvi, P.M., Bussini, A., et al. “Full-scaleshake table tests of a reinforced concrete buildingequipped with a novel servo-hydraulic active massdamper”, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 27(10),pp. 2702–2725 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2022.2121338.
38.Caterino, N., Spizzuoco, M., Piccolo, V., et al. “A Semi-active control technique through MR fluid dampers forseismic protection of single-story RC precastbuildings”, Materials, 15(3), p. 759 (2022).https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15030759.
39.Waghmare, M.V., Madhekar, S.N., and Matsagar, V.A.“Performance of RC elevated liquid storage tanksinstalled with semi‐active pseudo‐negative stiffnessdampers”, Structural Control and HealthMonitoring/Structural Control and Health Monitoring,29(4) (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2924.
Scientia Iranica
Volume 32, Issue 6
Transactions on Mechanical Engineering
March and April 2025 Article ID:7148

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 September 2022
  • Revise Date: 23 March 2024
  • Accept Date: 23 July 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics