Delayed least mean squares filters suppressing the radio frequency interference in cosmic rays radio detection

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 University of Lodz, Department of Physics and Applied Informatics, Faculty of Intelligent Systems, 90-236 Lodz, Pomorska 149, Poland

2 Lodz University of Technology, Centre of Mathematics and Physics, 90-924 Lodz, Z_eromskiego 116, Poland

Abstract

The emission of radio waves from Extensive Air Showers (EAS), initiated by ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, has been attributed to geomagnetic emission and charge excess processes. At frequencies from 10 to 100 MHz this process leads to coherent radiation. Nowadays, the radio detection technique is used in many experiments consisting in studying EAS. One of them is the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA), located at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The frequency band observed by the AERA radio stations is 30-80 MHz. This investigated
frequency range is often highly contaminated by human-made and narrow-band radio frequency interferences (RFI). The suppression of this contamination is crucial to lower the rate of spurious triggers.
An adaptive filter based on the Least Mean Squares (LMS) algorithm can be an alternative to the currently used IIR-notch non-adaptive filter. The paper presents 32/64-stage filters based on a non-canonical FIR filter implemented into cost-effective CycloneIV and CycloneV Altera FPGAs with a sufficient safety margin of the registered performance for a global clock
above 200 MHz to satisfy the Nyquist criterion.

Keywords

References

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Scientia Iranica
Volume 29, Issue 5
Transactions on Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering (D)
September and October 2022
Pages 2437-2449

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History

  • Receive Date: 20 June 2018
  • Revise Date: 08 September 2020
  • Accept Date: 04 January 2021

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