Atmospheric icing effects of S816 airfoil on a 600 kW wind turbine's performance

Document Type : Article

Author

Department of Aerospace Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The aerodynamic loads and energy losses for a typical 600 KW wind turbine with S816 airfoil blade under two different icing conditions, have been studied. Three sections at different radial positions are considered for estimation of the icing effect along the blade. Ice accretion simulations in wet and dry regimes are performed, using the NASA LEWICE 3.2 computer program. The airflow simulations are carried out with CFD methods and implementing the SST k-ω turbulence model. The results of these simulations including; streamlines, surface pressure, skin friction, lift, and drag coefficients are inspected for both clean and iced-airfoils. In the case of wet iced-airfoil, a separation bubble is created in the leading edge due to a horn shaped ice and further downstream, the airflow is reattached. Ice-induced separation bubbles dominate the flow field and the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine. In order to assess the production losses, the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory is used to calculate the power curves for clean and iced wind turbine blades. In the case of dry regime, the performance deterioration is about 30% and in another case, the turbine fails to produce any power at all.

Keywords

Main Subjects


References
1. Barber, S., Wang, Y., Jafari, S., Chokani, N., and
Abhari, R.S. \The impact of ice formation on wind
turbine performance and aerodynamics", Journal of
Solar Energy Engineering, 133(1), pp. 1-9 (2011).
2. Fortin, G., Perron, J., and Ilinca, A. \A study of icing
events at Murdochville: conclusions for the wind power
industry", International Symposium, Wind Energy in
Remote Regions, Maghdalen's Island, Canada (2005).
3. Lamraoui, F., Fortin, G., Benoit, R., Perron, J., and
Masson, C. \Atmospheric icing impact on wind turbine
production", Cold Regions, Science and Technology,
100, pp. 36-49 (2014).
4. Dalili, N., Edrisy, A., and Carriveau, R. \A review
of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine
performance", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
13(2), pp. 428-438 (2009).
5. Parent, O. and Ilinca, A. \Anti-icing and de-icing
techniques for wind turbines: Critical review", Cold
Regions Science and Technology, 65(1), pp. 88-96
(2011).
6. Li, Y., Tagawa, K., Feng, F., Li, Q., and He, Q.
\A wind tunnel experimental study of icing on wind
turbine blade airfoil", Energy Conversion and Management,
85, pp. 591-595 (2014).
7. Han, Y., Palacios, J., and Schmitz, S. \Scaled ice
accretion experiments on a rotating wind turbine
blade", Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial
Aerodynamics, 109, pp. 55-67 (2012).
8. Villalpando, F., Reggio, M., and Ilinca, A. \Numerical
study of
ow around iced wind turbine airfoil",
Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics,
6(1), pp. 39-45 (2012).
9. Bose, N. \Icing on a small horizontal-axis wind turbine
- Part 1: Glaze ice pro les", Journal of Wind
Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 45(1), pp.
75-85 (1992).
10. Bragg, M.B., Khodadoust, A., and Spring, S.A. \Measurements
in a leading-edge separation bubble due to a
simulated airfoil ice accretion", AIAA Journal, 30(6),
pp. 1462-1467 (1992).
11. Jasinski, W.J., Noe, S.C., Selig, M.S., and Bragg, M.B.
\Wind turbine performance under icing conditions",
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 120, pp. 60-65
(1998).
A. Ebrahimi/Scientia Iranica, Transactions B: Mechanical Engineering 25 (2018) 2693{2705 2705
12. Lee, S. and Bragg, M. \Experimental investigation
of simulated large-droplet ice shapes on airfoil aerodynamics",
Journal of Aircraft, 36(5), pp. 844-850
(1999).
13. Hochart, C., Fortin, G., Perron, J., and Ilinca, A.
\Wind turbine performance under icing conditions",
Wind Energy, 11(4), pp. 319-333 (2008).
14. Homola, M.C., Wallenius, T., Makkonen, L., Nicklasson,
P.J., and Sundsb, P.A. \Turbine size and
temperature dependence of icing on wind turbine
blades", Wind Engineering, 34(6), pp. 615-28 (2010).
15. Homola, M.C., Virk, M.S., Nicklasson, P.J., and
Sundsb, P.A. \Performance losses due to ice accretion
for a 5 MW wind turbine", Wind Energy, 15(3), pp.
379-389 (2012).
16. Fu, P. and Farzaneh, M. \A CFD approach for modeling
the rime-ice accretion process on a horizontalaxis
wind turbine", Journal of Wind Engineering and
Industrial Aerodynamics, 98(4-5), pp. 181-188 (2010).
17. Li, Y., Chi, Y., Feng, F., Tagawa, K., and Tian,
W. \Wind tunnel test on blade surface icing for
vertical axis wind turbine", Journal of Engineering
Thermophysics, 33(11), pp. 1872-1875 (2012).
18. Hudecz, A., Koss, H., and Hansen, M. \Ice accretion on
wind turbine blades", 15th International Workshop on
Atmospheric Icing of Structures (IWAIS XV) (2013).
19. Etemaddar, M., Hansen, M.O., and Moan, T. \Wind
turbine aerodynamic response under atmospheric icing
conditions", Wind Energy, 17(2), pp. 241-265 (2014).
20. Jin, Z.Y., Dong, Q.T., and Yang, Z.G. \The e ect
of single-horn glaze ice on the vortex structures in
the wake of a horizontal axis wind turbine", Acta
Mechanica Sinica, 31(1), pp. 62-72 (2015).
21. Ebrahimi, A., Hajipour, M., and Hasheminasab, H.
\Experimental investigation on the aerodynamic performance
of NLF-0414 iced-airfoil", Journal of Applied
Fluid Mechanics, 9(2), pp. 587-592 (2016).
22. Manshadi, M.D. and Esfeh, M.K. \Experimental investigation
of
ow eld over an iced aerofoil", The
Aeronautical Journal, 120(1227), pp. 735-756 (2016).
23. Pedersen, M.C. and Srensen, H. \Towards a CFD
model for prediction of wind turbine power losses
due to icing in cold climate", In 16th International
Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics
of Rotating Machinery (2016).
24. Tangler, J. and Somers, D., NREL Airfoil Families
for HAWTs, National Renewable Energy Laboratory,
NREL/TP-442-7109 (1995).
25. Somers, D.M., The S816, S817, and S818 Airfoils,
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, NREL/SR-
500-36333 (2004).
26. Fortin, G. and Perron, J. \Wind turbine icing and deicing",
AIAA 2009-274, Orlando, Florida: 47th AIAA
Aerospace Sciences Meeting (2009).
27. Wright, W.B., User Manual for the Improved NASA
Glenn Ice Accretion Code LEWICE, National Aeronautical
and Space Administration (NASA), CR-2002-
211793 (2002).
28. Myers, G.T. \Extension to the Messinger model for
aircraft icing", AIAA Journal, 39(2), pp. 211-218
(2001).
29. Pallarol, J.G., Sunden, B., and Wu, Z. \On ice accretion
for wind turbines and in
uence of some parameters",
In Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines: Emerging
Topics, Amano, R.S. and Sunden, B., pp. 129-160,
WIT Press (2014).
30. Anttho, A.M. and Sankar, L.N. \In-cloud ice accretion
modeling on wind turbine blades using an extended
messinger model", In 13th International Energy Conversion
Engineering Conference, p. 3715 (2015).
31. Menter, F.R. \Zonal two-equations k 􀀀 ! turbulence
models for aerodynamic
ows", AIAA Paper 93-2906,
Orlando, FL; United States: 24th AIAA Fluid Dynamics
Conference (1993).
32. Sagol, E. \Three dimensional numerical prediction
of icing related power and energy losses on a wind
turbine", Doctoral dissertation, Ecole Polytechnique
de Montreal (2014).
33. Sagol, E., Reggio, M., and Ilinca, A. \Assessment
of two-equation turbulence models and validation
of the performance characteristics of an experimental
wind turbine by CFD", ISRN Mechanical Engineering,
2012, Article ID 428671 (2012). DOI:
10.5402/2012/428671
34. Manwell, J.F., McGowan, J.G. and Rogers, A.L., Wind
Energy Explained Theory, Design and Application, 2nd
Ed., Wiley (2010).
35. Mayer, C., Ilinca, A., Fortin, G., and Perron, J.
\Wind tunnel study of electro-thermal de-icing of wind
turbine blades", International Journal of O shore and
Polar Engineering, 17(3), pp. 182-188 (2007).
36. Hochart, C., Fortin, G., Perron, J., and Ilinca, A.
\Icing simulation of wind-turbine blades", AIAA 2007-
1373, Reno, Nevada: 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences
Meeting and Exhibit (2007).
37. Vickerman, M., Choo, Y., Schiling, H., et al. \Smaggice:
further progress in software for gridding 2D
iced airfoils", AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Reno
NV.: AIAA Paper 2005-1369 (2005).
38. Katz, J. and Poltkin, A., Low Speed Aerodynamics
from Wing Theory to Panel Methods, McGraw Hill
(2001).