Near-fault ground motion effects on the responses of tall reinforced concrete walls with buckling-restrained brace outriggers

Document Type : Article

Author

Department of Civil Engineering, Mahdishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mah dishahr, Iran. +98 9122093893

Abstract

In this paper, responses of reinforced concrete core-wall structures connected to the outside columns by buckling-restrained brace (BRB) outriggers in tall buildings were investigated. These buildings are subjected to forward directivity near fault (NF) and ordinary far-fault (FF) ground motions. According to the current codes for the DBE level, the response spectrum analysis procedure was applied to analyze and design the structures. The nonlinear fiber element approach was used to simulate the reinforced concrete core-walls. Nonlinear time history analysis was implemented using 14 NF as well as 14 FF records at MCE level. In the core-wall, the results show that the mean moment demand envelope as well as the mean shear demand envelope obtained from the NF records are approximately similar to the corresponding demand envelope from FF records. The reason has to do with extending plasticity all over the RC core-wall which is subjected to both sets of records. The overall responses of the reinforced concrete core-wall with BRB outrigger system is in acceptable range both for NF and FF earthquakes. In this study, the largest curvature ductility demand in the reinforced concrete core-wall took place at levels just above the outriggers.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects


References

1. Rahgozar, R. and Shari , Y. An approximate analysis
of framed tube shear core and belt truss in highrise
building", Structural Design of Tall and Special
Buildings, 18, pp. 607-624 (2009).
2. Smith, B.S. and Coull, A., Tall Building Structures:
Analysis and Design, 1 Ed., New York: John Wiley &
Sons Inc (2011).
3. Smith, B.S. and Salim, I. Parameter study of
outrigger-braced tall building structuresm", Journal of
the Structural Division, 107(10), pp. 2001-2014 (1981).
4. Taranath, B.S., Structural Analysis and Design of Tall
Buildings, New York, McGraw Hill (1988).
5. Malekinejad, M. and Rahgozar, R. Free vibration
analysis of tall buildings with outrigger-belt truss
system", Earthquake and Structures, 2(1), pp. 89-107
(2011).
6. Zhu, Y. Inner force analysis of frame-core structure
with horizontal outrigger belts", Journal of Building
Structures, 10, pp. 10-15 (1995).
7. Taranath, B.S. Optimum belt truss location for high
rise structures", Engineering Journal, 11(1), pp. 18-21
(1974).
8. Rutenberg, A. and Tal, D. Lateral load response of
belted tall building structures", Engineering Structures,
9(1), pp. 53-67 (1987).
9. Wu, J.R. and Li, Q.S. Structural performance of
multi-outrigger-braced tall buildings", The Structural
Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 12(2), pp. 155-
176 (2003).
10. Zhou, Y. and Li, H. Analysis of a high-rise steel structure
with viscous damped outriggers", The Structural
Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 23(13), pp. 963-
979 (2013).
11. Chang, C.M., Wang, Z., Spencer, B.F., and Chen, Z.
Semi-active damped outriggers for seismic protection
of high-rise buildings", Smart Structures and Systems,
11(5), pp. 435-451 (2013).
12. Bobby, S., Spence, M.J.S., Bernardini, E., and Kareem,
A. Performance-based topology optimization
for wind-excited tall buildings: a framework", Engineering
Structures, 74, pp. 242-255 (2014).
1998 H. Beiraghi/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 25 (2018) 1987{1999
13. Lee, S. and Tovar, A. Outrigger placement in tall
buildings using topology optimization", Engineering
Structures, 74, pp. 122-129 (2014).
14. Chen, Y., McFarland, D., Wang, Z., Spencer, B., Jr.,
and Bergman, L.A. Analysis of tall buildings with
damped outriggers", Journal of Structure Engineering,
136(11), pp. 1435-1443 (2010).
15. Bosco, M. and Marino, E.M. Design method and
behavior factor for steel frames with buckling restrained
braces", Earthquake Engineering & Structural
Dynamics, 42, pp. 1243-1263 (2013).
16. AISC, Seismic Provision for Structural Steel Buildings,
American Institute of Steel Construction: Chicago
(2010).
17. Asgarian, B. and Shokrgozar, H.R. BRBF response
modi cation factor", Journal of Constructional Steel
Research, 65, pp. 290-298 (2009).
18. Kim, J., Park, J., and Kim, S. Seismic behavior factors
of buckling restrained braced frames", Structural
Engineering and Mechanics, 33(3), pp. 261-284 (2009).
19. Klemencic, R., Fry, A., Hooper, J.D., and Morgen,
B.G. Performance based design of ductile concrete
core wall buildings-issues to consider before detail
analysis", The Structural Design of Tall and Special
Buildings, 16, pp. 599-614 (2007).
20. CSA Standard A23.3-04, Design of Concrete Structures,
Canadian Standard Association: Rexdale,
Canada; 214 (2005).
21. NZS 3101 New Zealand standard, Part 1- The design
of concrete structures", Standards New Zealand:
Wellington, New Zealand (2006).
22. CEN EC8 Design of structures for earthquake resistance",
European Committee for Standardization:
Brussels, Belgium (2004).
23. Ghorbanirenani, I., Tremblay, R., Leger, P., and
Leclerc, M. Shake table testing of slender RC shear
walls subjected to eastern North America seismic
ground motions", Journal of Structural Engineering,
138(12), pp. 1515-1529 (2012).
24. Beiraghi, H., Kheyroddin, A., and Ka , M.A. E ect
of record scaling on the behavior of reinforced concrete
core-wall buildings subjected to near-fault and farfault
earthquakes", Scientia Iranica A, 24(3), pp. 884-
899 (2016).
25. Gerami, M. and Siahpolo, N. Proposition of a new
method for quick assessment of maximum beam ductility
in steel moment frame under higher mode e ects",
Scientia Iranica A., 23(3), pp. 769-787 (2016).
26. Bertero, V., Mahin, S., and Herrera, R. A seismic
design implications of near-fault San Fernando earthquake
records", Earthquake Engineering and Structural
Dynamics, 6(1), pp. 31-42 (1978)
27. Anderson, J.C. and Bertero, V.V. Uncertainties in
establishing design earthquakes", Journal of Structural
Engineering, 113(8), pp. 1709-1724 (1987).
28. Baker, J.W. Quantitative classi cation of near-fault
ground motions using wavelet analysis", Bulletin of the
Seismological Society of America, 97(5), pp. 1486-1501
(2007).
29. Gerami, M. and Abdollahzadeh D. Numerical study
on energy dissipation of steel moment resisting frames
under e ect of earthquake vibrations", Advances in
Acoustics and Vibration, Article ID 510593, pp. 1-13
(2014).
30. Gerami, M. and Abdollahzadeh, D. Estimation of
forward directivity e ect on design spectra in near eld
of fault", J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(9), pp. 8670-8686
(2012).
31. Mortezaei, A. and Ronagh, H.R. Plastic hinge length
of reinforced concrete columns subjected to both farfault
and near-fault ground motions having forward
directivity", Structural Design of Tall and Special
Buildings, 22(12), pp. 903-926 (2013).
32. Somerville, P.G., Smith, N.F., Graves, R.W., and
Abrahamson, N.A. Modi cation of empirical strong
ground motion attenuation relations to include the
amplitude and duration e ects of rupture directivity",
Seismological Research Letters, 68(1), pp. 199-222
(1997).
33. Beiraghi, H., Kheyroddin, A., and Ka , M.A. Forward
directivity near-fault and far-fault ground motion
e ects on the behavior of reinforced concrete wall
tall buildings with one and more plastic hinges",
The Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,
25(11), pp. 519-539 (2016).
34. Taranath, B.S., Structural Analysis and Design of Tall
Buildings, New York, McGraw Hill (1988).
35. ETABS, Version 13.1.1. Computers and structures",
Inc.: Berkeley, California, USA (2013).
36. National Institute of Standards and Technology Seismic
design of cast-in-place concrete special structural
walls and coupling beams", NEHRP Seismic Design
Technical Brief No. 6 (2012).
37. ASCE/SEI 7 Minimum design loads for buildings and
other structures", American Society of Civil Engineers,
Reston, VA (2010).
38. ACI 318-11 Building code requirements for structural
concrete and commentary", ACI Committee 318,
Farmington Hills (2011).
39. Sahoo, D.R. and Chao, S. Performance-based plastic
design method for buckling-restrained braced frames",
Engineering Structures, 32, pp. 2950-2958 (2010).
40. Jones, P. and Zareian, F. Seismic response of a 40-
storey buckling-restrained braced frame designed for
the Los Angeles region", The Structural Design of Tall
and Special Buildings, 22(3), pp. 291-299 (2013).
41. PERFORM-3D Nonlinear analysis and performance
assessment for 3D structures", V.4.0.3., Computers
and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA (2011).
42. Leger, P. and Dussault, S. Seismic-energy dissipation
in MDOF structures", Journal of Structural Engineering,
118(5), pp. 1251-1269 (1992).
H. Beiraghi/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 25 (2018) 1987{1999 1999
43. PERFORM-3D Nonlinear analysis and performance
assessment for 3D structures", V.4, User Guide, Computers
and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA (2006).
44. Beiraghi, H., Kheyroddin, A., and Ka , M.A. Nonlinear
ber element analysis of a reinforced concrete shear
wall subjected to earthquake records", Transactions of
Civil Engineering, 39(C2+), pp. 409-422 (2015)
45. Orakcal, K. and Wallace, J.W. Flexural modeling
of reinforced concrete walls-experimental veri cation",
ACI Structural Journal, 103(2), pp. 196-206 (2006).
46. Luu, H., Ghorbanirenani, I., Leger, P. and Tremblay,
R. Numerical modeling of slender reinforced concrete
shear wall shaking table tests under high-frequency
ground motions", Journal of Earthquake Engineering,
17(4), pp. 517-542 (2013).
47. Mander, J.B., Priestley, M.J.N., and Park, R. Theoretical
stress-strain model for con ned concrete",
ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 114(8), pp.
1804-1826 (1988)
48. LATBSDC An alternative procedure for seismic analysis
and design of tall buildings located in the Los
Angeles region", Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural
Design Council (2014).
49. Beiraghi, H., Kheyroddin, A., and Ka , M.A. Energy
dissipation of tall core-wall structures with multiplastic
hinges subjected to forward directivity nearfault
and far-fault earthquakes", The Structural Design
of Tall and Special Buildings, 25(15), pp. 801-820
(2016).
50. Applied Technology Council ATC-72: Modeling and
acceptance criteria for seismic design and analysis of
tall building", ATC, Redwood City, CA (2010).
51. Nguyen, A.H., Chintanapakdee, C., and Hayashikawa,
T. Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures
for seismic evaluation of BRBF buildings", Journal of
Constructional Steel Research, 66(8-9), pp. 1118-1127
(2011).
52. FEMA P695 Quanti cation of building seismic performance
factors (ATC-63 Project)", Federal Emergency
Management Agency, Washington D.C. (2009)
53. Beiraghi, H. and Siahpolo, N. Seismic assessment of
RC core-wall building capable of three plastic hinges
with outrigger", The Structural Design of Tall and
Special Buildings, 26(2), p. e1306 (2016).
54. Calugaru, V. and Panagiotou, M. Response of tall
cantilever wall buildings to strong pulse type seismic
excitation", Earthquake Engineering and Structural
Dynamics, 41, pp. 1301-1318 (2012).

Volume 25, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
Transactions on Civil Engineering (A)
July and August 2018
Pages 1987-1999
  • Receive Date: 06 August 2016
  • Revise Date: 06 January 2017
  • Accept Date: 04 February 2017