The effect of silica mass ratio on pore structure and magnetic characteristics of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa), Surabaya-Indonesia.

2 Department of Chemistry, FSAD, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia.

3 Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Malang (UM), Malang, Indonesia.

10.24200/sci.2024.61855.7524

Abstract

The fabrication of Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell was prepared from natural iron sand as Fe3O4 core resource and in situ SiO2-coating method. Fe3O4@SiO2 was synthesized via an ultrasonic route with various ratios of Tetra-Ethyl Ortho-Silicate (TEOS) to evaluate the morphological, pore structure, and magnetic properties of the core-shell. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) were used to characterize the prepared Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@SiO2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the effect of TEOS on the particle size, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the morphology of core-shell and shell thickness. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) data revealed that Fe3O4@SiO2 (65) exhibited a larger pore diameter of 88.17 nm and eight-times higher BET surface area (80.23 m2/g) than Fe3O4@SiO2 (55) and Fe3O4@SiO2 (45) (27.69 nm; 10.5 m2/g). The Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) data indicated that increased TEOS addition on Fe3O4@SiO2 caused a decrease in the magnetization value but still gave good magnetic properties from 95.32 emu/g for Fe3O4@SiO2 (45) to 17.02 emu/g for Fe3O4@SiO2 (65). The study found that the higher SiO2 content reduced the agglomeration of the Fe3O4 core, as indicated by no hysteresis loop on the gas of Nitrogen (N2) adsorption-desorption curve of Fe3O4@SiO2 (65), resulting in core-shell material with better properties in higher specific surface area, average pore size and volume for further application.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References
1. Patsula, V., Kosinová, L., Lovrić, M., et al. “Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Synthesis by thermal decomposition of Iron(III) glucuronate and application in magnetic resonance imaging”, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 8(11), pp. 7238–7247 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b12720
2. Pant, B., Ojha, G.P., Kim, H.Y., et al. “Fly-ash-incorporated electrospun zinc oxide nanofibers: Potential material for environmental remediation”, Environ. Pollut., 245, pp. 163–172 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.122
3. Yue, Q., Liu, C., Wan, Y., et al. “Defect engineering of mesoporous nickel ferrite and its application for highly enhanced water oxidation catalysis”, J. Catal., 358, pp. 1–7 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2017.10.027
4. Kandasamy, G., Soni, S., Sushmita, K., et al. “One-step synthesis of hydrophilic functionalized and cytocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) based aqueous ferrofluids for biomedical applications”, J. Mol. Liq., 274, pp. 653–663 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.161
5. Rahmawati, R., Taufiq, A., Sunaryono, S., et al. “Synthesis of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles from iron sands by Coprecipitation-Ultrasonic Irradiation Methods”, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 9(1), pp. 155–160 (2018). https://doi.org/10.26872/jmes.2018.9.1.19
6. Nikmah, A., Taufiq, A., and Hidayat, A. “Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposites”, IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 276(1), 01204, pp. 1–10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/276/1/012046
7. Taufiq, A., Sunaryono, E.G.R., Putra, S., and Pratapa, D. “Nano-structural studies on Fe3O4 particles dispersing in a magnetic fluid using x-ray diffractometry and small-angle neutron scattering”, Mater. Sci. Forum, 827, pp. 213–218 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.827.213
8. Grebennikov, I.S., Savchenko, A.G., Zaytseva, M.P., et al. “Structure and magnetic properties of nanopowders of Iron Oxides and hybrid nanopowders of the core–shell type based on them”, Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys., 82(9), pp. 1222–1231 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1062873818090125
9. Zeng, H., Li, J., Liu, J., et al. “Exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets by nanoparticle self-assembly”, Nature, 420, pp. 395–398 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01208
10. Cha, J.H., Choi, H.H., Jung, Y.G., et al. “Novel synthesis of core–shell structured Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles via sodium silicate”, Ceram. Int., 46(10), pp. 14384–14390 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.02.233
11. Madhubala, V., Nagarajan, C., Baskaran, P., et al. “Formulation of magnetic core-shell nanostructured Fe3O4@TiO2 for cytotoxic activity against Huh-7 cells”, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 149, 110430 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110430
12. Madhubala, V., Nagarajan, C., Baskaran, P., et al. “Influences of superparamagnetic Fe3O4@Ag core-shell nanoparticles on the growth inhibition of Huh-7 cells”, Mater. Today Commun., 35,106139 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.106139
13. Madhubala, V. and Kalaivani, T. “Phyto and hydrothermal synthesis of Fe3O4@ZnO core-shell nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica and its cytotoxicity studies”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 449, pp. 584–590 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.105
14. Khalid, A., Ahmed, R. M., Taha, M., et al., “Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell: synthesize, structural, morphological, linear, and nonlinear optical properties”, J. Alloys Compd., 947, 169639 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.169639
15. Wanling, C., Mengyu, G., Xiulan, W., et al., “Modified green synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles for pH responsive drug release”, Materials Science and Engineering C., 112, 110900 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2020.110900
16. García, L., Garaio, E., López-Ortega, A., et al. “Fe3O4-SiO2 mesoporous core/shell nanoparticles for magnetic field-induced ibuprofen-controlled release”, Langmuir, 39(1), pp. 211-219 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02408
17. Romdoni, Y., Kadja, G.T.M., Kitamoto, Y., et al. “Synthesis of multifunctional Fe3O4@SiO2-Ag nanocomposite for antibacterial and anticancer drug delivery”, Appl. Surf. Sci., 610, 155610 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155610
18. Goswami, P., Mathur, J., and Srivastava, N. “Silica nanoparticles as novel sustainable approach for plant growth and crop protection”, Heliyon, 8(7), e09908 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09908
19. Alterary, S.S. and Alkhamees, A. “Synthesis, surface modification, and characterization of Fe3O4@ SiO2core @shell nanostructure”, Green Process. Synth., 10(1), pp. 384–391 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2021-0031
20. Lajevardi, A., Hossaini Sadr, M., Badiei, A., et al. “Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2@MIL-100(Fe) nanocomposite: A nanocarrier for loading and release of celecoxib”, J. Mol. Liq., 307, 112996 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112996
21. Lei, Y., Zhang, X., Meng, X., et al. “The preparation of core–shell Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles with different surface carboxyl densities and their application in the removal of methylene blue”, Inorg. Chem. Commun., 139, 109381 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109381
22. Taufiq, A., Munasir, Teraningtyas, A., et al. “Nanosized Fe3O4/SiO2 core-shells fabricated from natural sands, magnetic properties, and their application for dye adsorption”, Eng. Appl. Sci. Res., 49(3), pp. 340–352 (2022). https://doi.org/10.14456/EASR.2022.35
23. Hui, C., Shen, C., Tian, J., et al. “Core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles synthesized with well-dispersed hydrophilic Fe3O4 seeds”, Nanoscale, 3(2), pp. 701–705 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C0NR00497A
24. Samadi, M.S., Shokrollahi, H., and Zamanian, A. “The magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of the Co-ferrite nanoparticles via reverse co-precipitation and their magnetic and structural properties”, Mater. Chem. Phys., 215, pp. 355–359 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.05.067
25. Taylor, K.M.L., Kim, J.S., Rieter, W.J., et al. “Mesoporous silica nanospheres as highly efficient MRI contrast agents”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130(7), pp. 2154–2155 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja710193c
26. Vogt, C., Toprak, M.S., Muhammed, M., et al. “High quality and tuneable silica shell-magnetic core nanoparticles”, J. Nanoparticle Res., 12(4), pp. 1137–1147 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-009-9661-7
27. Abbas, M., Takahashi, M., and Kim, C. “Facile sonochemical synthesis of high-moment magnetite (Fe3O4) nanocube”, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 15, pp. 1-12, 1354 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-012-1354-y
28. Taib, N.I., Woodward, R.C., and Pierre, T.G.S. “The effect of silica shell thickness on magnetic and proton relaxometric properties: Fe3O4@mSiO2 nanoparticles”, IEEE Trans. Magn., 58(2), pp. 1–7 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2021.3082924
29. Munasir, N., Kusumawati, R.P., Kusumawati, D.H., et al. “Characterization of Fe3O4/rGO composites from natural sources: Application for dyes color degradation in aqueous solution”, Int. J. Eng. Trans. A Basics, 33(1), pp. 18–27 (2020). https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2020.33.01a.03
30. Almessiere, M.A., Slimani, Y., Güner, S., et al. “Magnetic and structural characterization of Nb 3+ -substituted CoFe2O4 nanoparticles”, Ceram. Int., 45(7), pp. 8222–8232 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.01.125
31. Wo, R., Li, Q.L., Zhu, C., et al. “Preparation and characterization of functionalized metal-organic frameworks with core/shell magnetic particles (Fe3O4@SiO2@MOFs) for removal of congo red and methylene blue from water solution”, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 64(6), pp. 2455–2463 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.8b01251
32. Abbas, M. “Fe3O4/SiO2 core/shell nanocubes: Novel coating approach with tunable silica thickness and enhancement in stability and biocompatibility”, J. Nanomed. Nanotechnol., 5(6), 1000244 (2014). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7439.1000244
33. Bukit, N., Frida, E., Simamora1, P., and Sinaga1, T. “Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles of Iron sand coprecipitation method with polyethylene glycol 6000”, Jurnal Chemistry and Materials Research, 7(7), pp. 110–115 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-015-0141-z
34. Li, Q., Kartikowati, C.W., Horie, S., et al. “Correlation between particle size/domain structure and magnetic properties of highly crystalline Fe3O4 nanoparticles”, Sci. Rep., 7(1), pp. 1–4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09897-5
35. Prado, Y., Dia, N., Lisnard, L., et al. “Tuning the magnetic anisotropy in coordination nanoparticles: Random distribution versus core–shell architecture”, Chem. Commun., 48(93), pp. 11455–11457 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc35929d
36. Klokkenburg, M., Vonk, C., Claesson, E.M., et al., “Direct imaging of zero-field dipolar structures in colloidal dispersions of synthetic magnetite”, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126(51), pp. 16706–16707 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0456252
37. Salman, A.D., Juzsakova, T., Ákos, R., et al., “Synthesis and surface modification of magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles and its application in uptake of scandium (III) ions from aqueous media”, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 28(22), pp. 28428–28443 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12170-4
38. Wan, D., Li, W., Wang, G., et al. “Size-controllable synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through oxidation-precipitation method as heterogeneous Fenton catalyst”, J. Mater. Res., 31(17), pp. 2608–2616 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2016.285
39. Dawn, R., Zzaman, M., Faizal, F., et al. “Origin of magnetization in silica-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles revealed by soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism”, Brazilian J. Phys., 52, 99 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-022-01102-x
40. Ma, J., Sun, N., Wang, C., et al. “Facile synthesis of novel Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2@TiO2 core-shell micro spheres with mesoporous structure and their photo catalytic performance”, J. Alloys Compd., 743, pp. 456–463 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.005
41. Bhaduri, K., Das, B.D., Kumar, R., et al., “Recyclable Au/SiO2 -Shell/Fe3O4 -Core Catalyst for the Reduction of Nitro Aromatic Compounds in Aqueous Solution”, ACS Omega, 4(2), pp. 4071–4081 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b03655
42. Düsenberg, B., Singh, A.K., Schmidt, J., et al. “Spray agglomeration of polymer particles: Influence of spray parameters on shape factors”, Powder Technology, 422, 118491 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118491
43. Guan, H., Su, Q., Wang, R., et al. “Why can hybrid nanofluid improve thermal conductivity more? A molecular dynamics simulation”, J. Mol. Liq., 372, 121178 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121178
44. Hou, J., Shao, C., Huang, L., et al. “Why is the thermal conductivity of Janus nanofluid larger?– From the perspective of aggregation morphology”, Powder Technol., 430, 119005 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.119005
45. Théodon, L., Debayle, J., and Coufort-Saudejaud, C. “Morphological characterization of aggregates and agglomerates by image analysis: A systematic literature review”, Powder Technol., 430, 119033 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2023.119033
Scientia Iranica
Volume 32, Issue 13
Transactions on Nanotechnology
July and August 2025 Article ID:7524

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 06 February 2023
  • Revise Date: 31 December 2023
  • Accept Date: 24 January 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics