Scientia Iranica

Scientia Iranica

Investigating the sensitivity of tetra–hybrid microfluidic flow under magnetic field localization

Document Type : Research Article

Authors
Shabbir Ahmad 1
Elizaldo Domingues dos Santos 1, 2, 3
Kashif Ali 4
Moin–ud–Din Junjua 5
Farhan Lafta Rashid 6
Ahmed S. Hendy 7, 8
Noureddine Elboughdiri 9
Saad Alshahrani 10, 11
1 Graduate Program of Ocean Engineering, School of Engineering, University Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil.
2 Graduate Program in Computational Modeling, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande– FURG, Brazil.
3 School of Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, Brazil.
4 Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan.
5 Department of Mathematics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan.
6 Petroleum Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Kerbala, Karbala, Iraq.
7 Department of Computational Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
8 Department of Mechanics and Mathematics, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
9 Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia.
10 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
11 Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
10.24200/sci.2025.65461.9504
Abstract
This study explores the sensitivity of tetra–hybrid microfluidic flow to localized magnetic fields, focusing on their impact on flow dynamics, stress distribution, and thermal behavior. A rectangular cavity (aspect ratio 4:1) filled with a tetra–hybrid nanofluid is analyzed, with the top and bottom walls moving in the same direction. A confined magnetic field, structured in horizontal and vertical strips, is introduced to assess its influence. An Alternating–Direction Implicit (ADI) method has been used to enhance numerical stability and efficiently solve the discretized governing equations, and the Single–Phase Model (SPM) has been used to model the fluid. Furthermore, custom MATLAB codes, employing the Stream–Vorticity formulation and a finite difference method, are used to solve the governing equations. The findings demonstrate that increasing the magnetic field strength up to 500 enhances heat transfer by 65%. Among nanostructures, a 20% silver concentration yields the greatest improvement, increasing the Nusselt number (Nu) by 313%, followed by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) (54%), TiO₂ (43%), and Cu (31%). Regarding skin friction, silver and TiO₂ reduce it by 65%, while Cu lowers it by 52%. However, SWCNT exhibits an opposite effect, increasing skin friction by 138% due to its elongated structure, which enhances flow resistance.
Keywords
Magnetic field
Reynolds number (Re)
Nanoparticles
Vortex dynamics
Tetra&ndash
hybrid microfluidic flow
Subjects
References
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Scientia Iranica
Volume 32, Issue 18
Transactions on Nanotechnology
November and December 2025 Article ID:9504

  • Receive Date 05 October 2024
  • Revise Date 15 March 2025
  • Accept Date 23 September 2025