Sustainable Bio-fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles via Terminalia bellerica Leaf Extract to Enhance Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Efficacy

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur-148106, Punjab, India

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur-148106, Punjab, India

Abstract

Nanoparticles have become significant in biomedical fields due to its angiogenesis-inhibiting, antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. This study involved producing a straightforward, eco-friendly reliable and cost-efficient technique for producing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by leaf extracts of Terminalia bellerica. AgNO₃ solution and an aqueous extract of Terminalia bellerica were used in a reduction process to make Ag-NPs. The characterization was performed through visual inspection, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Experimental outcome revealed that Terminalia bellerica leaf extract mediated Ag-NPs exhibited a yellowish to brown color with maximum absorption peak of at 460 nm, confirming the successful bio-fabrication of Ag-NPs. Furthermore Ag-NPs remained stable at 5°C for up to 15 days. According to optimization results, the production of Ag-NPs is maximum at a pH of 11, with incubation temperature of 80°C, and a concentration is 1 mM AgNO3, which ensures stability and prevents aggregation. These conditions promote the reduction of Ag+ ions for effective synthesis of Ag-NPs, resulting in a high yield and reliable quality for practical applications. These Ag-NPs demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-96), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-1688), Escherichia coli (MTCC-1302), Bacillus cereus (MTCC-1307) and Salmonella Typhi (MTCC-98), found minimum inhibitory concentration lies between from 0.5 μg/ml to 5 μg/ml. This study came to the conclusion that leaf extract of Terminalia bellerica is a useful reducing agent for creating stable silver nanoparticles with strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Scientia Iranica

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 30 November 2025

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 26 April 2025
  • Revise Date: 31 July 2025
  • Accept Date: 17 August 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics