Nanoparticles have become significant in biomedical fields due to its angiogenesis-inhibiting, antimicrobial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. This study involved producing a straightforward, eco-friendly reliable and cost-efficient technique for producing silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by leaf extracts of Terminalia bellerica. AgNO₃ solution and an aqueous extract of Terminalia bellerica were used in a reduction process to make Ag-NPs. The characterization was performed through visual inspection, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Experimental outcome revealed that Terminalia bellerica leaf extract mediated Ag-NPs exhibited a yellowish to brown color with maximum absorption peak of at 460 nm, confirming the successful bio-fabrication of Ag-NPs. Furthermore Ag-NPs remained stable at 5°C for up to 15 days. According to optimization results, the production of Ag-NPs is maximum at a pH of 11, with incubation temperature of 80°C, and a concentration is 1 mM AgNO₃, which ensures stability and prevents aggregation. These conditions promote the reduction of Ag+ ions for effective synthesis of Ag-NPs, resulting in a high yield and reliable quality for practical applications. These Ag-NPs demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-96), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC-1688), Escherichia coli (MTCC-1302), Bacillus cereus (MTCC-1307) and Salmonella Typhi (MTCC-98), found minimum inhibitory concentration lies between from 0.5 μg/ml to 5 μg/ml. This study came to the conclusion that leaf extract of Terminalia bellerica is a useful reducing agent for creating stable silver nanoparticles with strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties.