An adaptive reversible data hiding scheme based on histogram shifting using decimal floating signed-digit stream

Ghorbandost Soveiri, Reza; Rajabzadeh Asaar, Maryam

doi:10.24200/sci.2025.65327.9425

An adaptive reversible data hiding scheme based on histogram shifting using decimal floating signed-digit stream

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Reza Ghorbandost Soveiri

Maryam Rajabzadeh Asaar

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

10.24200/sci.2025.65327.9425

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel method based on histogram shifting using signed digits for data hiding. Our proposed method takes the prediction errors obtained from the original image using a 4×4 block-wise prediction. Then, we embed the information in the prediction errors of the image using the histogram shifting technique. A crucial point regarding the embeddable data in this method is that we divide the binary stream into equal parts of two, three, or four bits. For each two, three, or four-bit digit, we consider a numerical equivalent using the approach described in this paper. Subsequently, based on each of the signed digits, assigned floating numbers are used to represent the embeddable information instead of the binary stream. Experimental results for a sample image, "Airplane", with four-bit data segmentation demonstrate an outstanding embedding capacity of 825,080 bits and a PSNR of 33.87 dB, indicating that our proposed scheme achieves a remarkably high embedding capacity while maintaining an acceptable visual quality.

Keywords

Reversible data hiding

Histogram shifting

Prediction error

Signed digit stream

Floating numbers

Embedding capacity

Visual quality

Subjects