Stability analysis of dry sandy slopes adjacent to dynamic compaction process

Authors

School of Engineering, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Dynamic compaction is a useful economic method for improving different soil types, especially loose sandy fills. However, the method has been rarely used in the vicinity of slopes due to stability concerns. In this research, dynamic compaction method adjacent to slope edge was numerically simulated using 2D plain-strain finite element models. Stability of slope models under different compaction energies and slope geometries at the same initial static factor of safety (FS) was investigated considering different stability criteria. These criteria include peak particle velocity (PPV) or peak particle displacement (PPD) on the slope, rate of change in plastic volumetric strains, yield stress ratio on the induced slip surface and the ratio of crater depths in flat and sloped models. Safe compaction distances from slope heel were calculated for different criteria and it was concluded that PPV criterion yields the most conservative distances but PPD criterion almost shows the smallest safe distances. Based on comparison of different criteria, it was concluded that combination of yield stress ratio and rate of plastic volumetric strain achieves the most acceptable safe compaction distance values for consideration in slope stability analyses.

Keywords

References

References:
1. Johari, A., Mousavi, S. and Hooshmand nejad, A. "A seismic slope stability probabilistic model based on Bishop's method using analytical approach", Scientia Iranica, Transaction on Civil Engineering, 22(3), pp. 728-741 (2015).
2. Erzin, Y. and Cetin, T. "The use of neural networks for the prediction of the critical factor of safety of an artificial slope subjected to earthquake forces", Scientia Iranica, 19(2), pp. 188-194 (2012).
3. Shinoda, M. "Seismic stability and displacement analyses of earth slopes using non-circular slip surface", Soils and Foundations, 55(2), pp. 227-241 (2015).
4. Lu, L., Wang, Z.J., Song, M.L. and Arai, K. "Stability analysis of slopes with ground water during earthquakes", Engineering Geology, 193, pp. 288-296 (2015).
5. Bandini, V., Biondi, G., Cascone, E. and Rampello, S. "A GLE-based model for seismic displacement analysis of slopes including strength degradation and geometry rearrangement", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 71, pp. 128-142 (2015).
6. Jafarzadeh, F. "Dynamic compaction method in physical model tests", Scientia Iranica, Transaction on Civil Engineering, 13(2), pp. 187-192 (2006).
7. Zhou, Z., Chao, WL. and Liu, BC. "Model test study on dynamic responses of step-shapedloess slope with dynamic compaction", Proceedings of the 2010 GeoShanghai International Conference, Shanghai, China (2010).
8. Vahidipour, A., Ghanbari, A. and Hamidi, A. "Experimental study of dynamic compaction adjacent to a slope", Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Ground Improvement, 169(2), pp. 79-89 (2016).
9. Zienkiewicz, O.C. and Taylor, R.L., The Finite Element Method. Basic Formulations and Linear Problems, McGraw-Hill, London, UK (1989).
10. Griffith, D.V. and Lane, P.A. "Slope stability analysis by finite elements", Geotechnique, 49(3), pp. 387-403 (1999).
11. Zheng, H., Liu, D.F. and Li, C.G. "Slope stability analysis based on elasto-plastic finite element method", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 64, pp. 1871-1888 (2005).
12. Khosravi, M., Leshchinsky, D., Meehan, C.L. and Khosravi, A. "Stability analysis of seismically loaded slopes using finite element techniques", Geo Congress, ASCE (2013).
13. Xu, Q., Yin, H., Cao, X. and Li, Z. "Temperaturedriven strength reduction method for slope stability analysis", Mechanics Research Communications, 36, pp. 224-231 (2009).
14. Zienkiewicz, O.C., Humpheson, C. and Lewis, R.W. "Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity in soil mechanics", Geotechnique, 25(4), pp. 671-689 (1975).
15. Swan, C.C. and Seo, Y.K. "Limit state analysis of earthen slopes using dual continuum/FEM approaches", International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 23(12), pp. 1359-1371 (1999).
16. Wong, H.N. and Pang, P.L.R. "Assessment of stability of  slopes subjected to blasting vibration", Geo-Report No. 15, Geotechnical Engineering Office, Civil Engineering Department, Hong Kong (1992).
17. IS 6922 "Criteria for safety and design of structures subjected to underground blast", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India (1973).
18. Anderson, D.G., Martin, G.R., Lam, I. and Wang, J.N.J. "Seismic analysis and design of retaining walls, buried structures, slopes, and embankments", NCHRP Report 611, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. (2008).
19. Kavazanjian, E., Wang, J.N.J., Martin, C.R. et al., RFD Seismic Analysis and Design of Transportation Geotechnical Features and Structural Foundations, NHI Course No. 130094. Publication No. FHWA-NHI- 11-032, New York, NY 10119 (2011).
20. Lukas, R.G., Geotechnical Engineering Circular No. 1- Dynamic Compaction, Publication No. FHWA-SA-95- 037, Washington, D.C. (1995).
21. Pan, J.L. and Selby, A.R. "Simulation of dynamic compaction of loose granular soils", Advances in Engineering Software, 33, pp. 631-640 (2002).
22. Mostafa, K. "Numerical modeling of dynamic compaction in cohesive soils", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Akron, Ohio, United States (2010).
23. Pourjenabi, M., Ghanbari, E. and Hamidi, E. "Numerical modelling of dynamic compaction by sand using different constitutive models", 4th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2013, Kos Island, Greece (2013).
24. Ghanbari, E. and Hamidi, A. "Numerical modelling of rapid impact compaction in loose sands", Geomechanics and Engineering, 6(5), pp. 487-502 (2014).
25. Wanstreet, P. "Finite element analysis of slope stability", M.Sc. Thesis, University of West Virginia, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States (2007).
26. Khosravi, M. and Khabbazian, M. "Presentation of critical failure surface of slopes based on the finite element technique", Proceeding of GeoCongress: State of the Art and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 536-545 (2012).
27. Dassault Systemes Simulia Corp, ABAQUS/CAE User's Manual, Providence, RI, USA, (2010).
28. Thilakasiri, H.S., Gunaratne, M., Mullins, G., et al. "Implementation aid for dynamic replacement of organic soils with sand", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoinvironmental Engineering, 127(1), pp. 25-35 (2001).
29. Gu, Q. and Lee, F.H. "Ground response to dynamic compaction", Geotechnique, 52(7), pp. 481-93 (2002).
30. Pak, A., Shahir, H. and Ghassemi, A. "Behavior of dry and saturated soils under impact load during dynamic compaction", In: Proc. 16th ICSMGE, Osaka, pp. 1245-1248 (2005).
31. Ghassemi, A., Pak, A. and Shahir, H "Numerical study of coupled hydro-mechanical effects in dynamic compaction of saturated granular soils", Computers and Geotechnics, 37, pp. 10-24 (2010).
32. Oshima, A. and Takada, N. "Relation between compacted area and ram momentum by heavy tamping", Proc. 14th ICSMFE, 3, pp. 1641-1644 (1997).
33. Oshima, A. and Takada, N. "Evaluation of compacted area of heavy tamping by cone point resistance", Proceeding of International Conference of Centrifuge, 98, pp. 813-818 (1998).
34. Lee, F.H. and Gu, Q. "Method for estimating dynamic compaction effect on sand", Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 130(2), pp. 139- 152 (2004).
35. Morgenstern, N.R. and Price, V.E. "The analysis of the stability of general slip surfaces", Geotechnique, 15, pp. 79-93 (1965).
36. Spencer, E. "A method of analysis of embankments assuming parallel interslice forces", Geotechnique, 17(1), pp. 11-26 (1967).
37. Bishop, A.W. "The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of slopes", Geotechnique, Great Britain, 5(1), pp. 7-17 (1955).
38. GEO-SLOPE International Ltd, Stability Modeling with SLOPE/W 2007 Version, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (2008).
39. Siskind, D.E., Stagg, M.S., Kopp, J.W. et al. "Structure response and damage produced by ground vibration from surface mine blasting", US Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigation 8507, United States (1980).
40. Mayne, P.W., Jones, J.S. and Dumas, J.C. "Ground response to dynamic compaction", Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 110(6), pp. 757-774 (1984).
41. Mayne, P.W. "Ground vibration during dynamic compaction", In: Gazetasg, Selig ET, Vibration Problems in Geotechnical Engineering, Special Publication of ASCE, pp. 247-265 (1985).
42. Bobrowsky, P. and Highland, L. "The landslide handbook - a guide to understanding landslides, a landmark publication for landslide education and preparedness", Landslides: Global Risk Preparedness, pp. 75-84 (2013). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22087-6.
43. Idriss, I.M. "Evaluating of seismic risk in engineeringpractice", Proc. 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, 1, pp. 255-320 (1985).
44. SIMULIA, "Analysis of Reinforced and un-reinforced Soil Slopes using Abaqus", Abaqus Technology Brief, TB-06-SLOPE-1 (2007).
45. Nadi, B., Askari, F. and Farzaneh, O. "Seismic performance of slopes in pseudo-static designs with different safety factors", International Journal of Science and Technology, 38(2), pp. 465-483 (2014).
46. Terzaghi, K., Mechanism of Landslides. Application of Geology to Engineering Practice, Geological Society of America (GSA), Berkey Volume, pp. 83-123 (1950).
47. Marcuson, W.F. and Franklin, A.G. "Seismic design analysis and remedial measures to improve the stability of existing earth dams", Corps of Engineers Approach, in Seismic Design of Embankments and Caverns, Howard, T.R. Ed., New York, USA (1983).
48. Hynes-Griffin, M.E. and Franklin, A.G. "Rationalizing the seismic coefficient method", U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, miscellaneous paper GL-84-13 (1984).
49. Road and Railway Bridges Seismic Resistant Design Code No: 463, Ministry of Roads and Transportation, Deputy of Training; Research and Information Technology, Iran (2008).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 24, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
Transactions on Civil Engineering (A)
January and February 2017
Pages 82-95

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 20 February 2016
  • Revise Date: 22 August 2022
  • Accept Date: 09 July 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics