A combined approach to grey relational analysis and principal component analysis for development of input parameters in the wear characterization of Al7075 (SiC+Al2O3) hybrid metal matrix composites

Document Type : Research Note

Authors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Arunai Engineering College, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

The mechanical stir casting effect on Al7075 based lightweight alloy established with Al2O3 and SiC has been studied with varied stirrer time and speed. Hybrid metal matrix improved wear resistance of composite material Al7075 (SiC+Al2O3). Experimental designs are formulated using Taguchi’s DoE. Considered 4 level 4 parameters, L16 OA is selected. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) and Principle component analysis (PCA) coupled has been employed to calculate matrix composition. POD test (Pin-on-Disc) was used to measure the wear resistance of the casted pins. Further, mechanical characterization tests like tensile, hardness, impact, density and porosity were also accomplished. Optimum parameters are found, SiC of 6%, Al2O3 of 4%, Stirrer time of 15 min and stirrer speed of 600rpm, which gives low wear loss of 0.0034g, superior micro hardness 154.22 BHN, the tensile strength of 443.61 Mpa and Impact energy is 3J. From the ANOVA results, Stirrer speed is the most influential parameter with 49.40%. SEM-EDX analysis characterized the worn surfaces.

Keywords

References

References:
1. An, Q., Chen, J., Ming, W., et al. "Machining of SiC ceramic matrix composites: A review", Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 34, pp. 540-567 (2021).
2. Siddabathula, M., Mohammed Moulana, M., et al. "Mechanical properties of Aluminum-Copper composite metallic materials", Journal of Applied Research and Technology, 14, pp. 293-299 (2016).
3. Chen, J., Yu, W., Zuo, Z., et al. "Effects of in-situ TiB2 particles on machinability and surface integrity in milling of TiB2/2024 and TiB2/7075 Al composites", Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 34, pp. 110-124 (2021).
4. Devaganesh, S., Dinesh Kumar, P.K., Venkatesh, N., et al. "Study on the mechanical and tribological performance of hybrid SiC-7075 metal matrix composites", Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9, pp. 3759-3766 (2020).
5. Malekjafariana, M. and Sadrnezhaad, S.K. "Effect of SiC on microstructural features and compressive properties of aluminum foam", Scientia Iranica, 21, pp. 1325-1329 (2014).
6. Ehsani, R. "Aging behavior and tensile properties of squeeze cast Al 6061/SIC metal matrix composites", Scientia Iranica, 29, pp. 864-882 (2022).
7. Rino, J.J., Chandramohan, D., Sucitharan, K.S., et al. "An overview on development of aluminium metal matrix composites with hybrid reinforcement", IJSR, 1, pp. 196-203 (2012).
8. Ravichandrana, M., Meignanamoorthy, M., Chellasivam, G.P., et al. "Effect of stir casting parameters on properties of cast metal matrix composite", Materials Today: Proceedings, 22, pp. 2606-2613 (2020).
9. Alaneme, K.K. and Bodunrin, M.O. "Corrosion behavior of alumina reinforced aluminium (6063) metal matrix composites", Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 12, pp. 1153-1165 (2011).
10. Balaji, V., Sateesh, N., Manzoor Hussian, M. "Manufacture of aliminium metal matrix composite (Al7075- SiC) by stir casting technique", Material Today Proceedings, 2, pp. 3403-3408 (2015).
11. Das, P.P. and Chakraborty, S. "Application of grey correlation-based EDAS method for parametric optimization of non-traditional machining processes", Scientia Iranica, 29, pp. 864-882 (2022).
12. Thirumalvalavan, S. and Senthilkumar, N. "Optimising the wear performance of HVOF thermal spray coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy by grey relational approach", International Journal of Rapid Manufacturing, 9, pp. 25-47 (2020).
13. Devaraju, A., Kumar, A., and Kotiveerachari, B. "Influence of rotational speed and reinforcements on wear and mechanical properties of aluminum hybrid composites via friction stir processing", Materials and Design, 45, pp. 576-585 (2013).
14. Samal, P., Vundavilli, P., et al. "Recent progress in aluminum metal matric composites: A review on processing, mechanical and wear properties", Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 59, pp. 131-152 (2020).
15. Samiee, A. and Meratian, M. "Influence of alumina percentage on hot deformation of aluminium-alumina matrix composite", International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 28, pp. 47-49 (2014). 
16. Taguchi, G., Introduction to Quality Engineering, Asian Productivity Organization (1990).
17. Asima, M., Zubair Khanb, M., Alam Khan, L., et al. "An integrated approach of quality for polymer composite manufacturing validated and optimized through Taguchi method", Scientia Iranica, 24, pp. 1985-1995 (2017).
18. Senthilkumar, N., Tamizharasan, T., and Anandakrishnan, V. "Experimental investigation and performance analysis of cemented carbide inserts of different geometries using Taguchi based grey relational analysis", Measurement, 58, pp. 520-536 (2014).
19. Ghosh, S., Sahoo, P., and Sutradhar, G. "Wear behaviour of Al-SiCp metal matrix composites and optimization using Taguchi method and grey relational analysis", Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 11, pp. 1085-1094 (2012).
20. Hotelling, H. "Analysis of a complex of statistical variables into principal components", Journal of Educational Psychology, 24, pp. 417-441 (1993).
21. Pearson, K. "LIII. On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space", The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 11, pp. 559-572 (1901).
22. Rajesh, S., Gopala Krishna, A., Rama Murty Raju, P., et al. "Statistical analysis of dry sliding wear behavior of graphite reinforced aluminum MMCs", Procedia Materials Science, 6, pp. 1110-1120 (2014).
23. Kumar, M., MegalingamMurugan, A., Baskaran, V., et al. "Effect of sliding distance on dry sliding tribological behaviour of aluminium hybrid metal matrix composite (AlHMMC): An alternate for automobile brakerotor - A Grey relational approach", Journal of Engineering Tribology, 230, pp. 1-14 (2016).
24. Senthilkumar, N. and Tamizharasan, T. "Effect of tool geometry in turning AISI 1045 steel: Experimental investigation and FEM analysis", Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39, pp. 4963-4975 (2014).
25. Gamst, G., Meyers, L.S., and Guarino, A.J., Analysis of Variance Designs - A Conceptual and Computational Approach with SPSS and SAS Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK (2008).
26. Montgomery, D.C., Design and Analysis of Experiments, Eight Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA (2013).
27. Ravi Kumar, K., Kiran, K., and Sreebalaji, V.S. "Microstructural characteristics and mechanical behaviour of aluminium matrix composites reinforced with titanium carbide", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 723, pp. 795-801 (2017).
28. Suvarna Raju, L. and Kumar, A. "Influence of Al2O3 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing", Defence Technology, 10, pp. 375-383 (2014).
29. Soorya Prakash, K., Gopal, P.M., Anburose, D., et al. "Mechanical, corrosion and wear characteristics of powder metallurgy processed Ti-6Al-4V/B4C metal matrix composites", Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 9, pp. 1489-1496 (2018).
30. Kaushik, N. and Singhal, S. "Optimization of wear properties in aluminum metal matrix composites using hybrid Taguchi-GRA-PCA", International Journal of Performability Engineering, 14, pp. 857-870 (2018).
31. Jeyasimman, D., Narayanasamy, R., Ponalagusamy, R., et al. "The effects of various reinforcements on dry sliding wear behaviour of AA 6061 nanocomposites", Materials & Design, 64, pp. 783-793 (2014).
32. Jayakumar, L. and Balamurugan, K. "Reciprocating wear behavior of 7075Al/SiC in comparison with 6061Al/Al2O3 composites", Int. Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 46, pp. 137-144 (2014).
33. Singh, R., Shadab, M., Dash, A., et al. "Characterization of dry sliding wear mechanisms of AA5083/B4C metal matrix composite", Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 41, pp. 1-11 (2019).
34. Edidiong, D.A., Alastair, M., et al. "Evaluation of Cd(II) ion removal from aqueous solution by a low-cost adsorbent prepared from white yam (dioscorea rotundata) waste using batch sorption", ChemEngineering, 2, pp. 1-36 (2018).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 30, Issue 1
Transactions on Mechanical Engineering (B)
January and February 2023
Pages 52-63

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 April 2021
  • Revise Date: 24 September 2021
  • Accept Date: 19 September 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics