Investigation of transformer vibration characteristics using the finite element method

Document Type : Article

Authors

School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran

Abstract

Understanding the vibrational characteristics of power transformers is significantly important in their design and monitoring. In this contribution, a model with a multi-physics coupling simulation of the electrical circuit, magnetic field, and solid mechanics is developed to investigate the characteristics of the transformer vibration. After describing the model, the harmonic contents of the vibration signals and their variation in the case of mechanical faults are studied. It is shown that under normal operating conditions, the fundamental vibration frequency of 100 Hz has the maximum amplitude, while in the case of mechanical faults, the amplitudes of 200 Hz and 300 Hz harmonics increase dramatically compared to the fundamental harmonic. The influence of vibration sensor position is investigated too, which indicates that the area near the tank bottom is the best position to gather vibration signals. Moreover, the mechanical resonance frequencies of the transformer, along with their mode shapes, are addressed in this paper. Finally, the influence of mechanical changes on the vibration energy distribution in the tank surface is explored. The results of the paper suggest possible diagnosis methods for condition monitoring of transformers, such as using the vibration energy distribution on the tank surface or analyzing the vibration harmonics.

Keywords

References

References:
1. Secic, A., Krpan, M., and Kuzle, I. "Vibro-acoustic methods in the condition assessment of power transformers: A survey", IEEE Access, 7, pp. 83915-83931 (2019). DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2923809.
2. Tran, Q.T., Davies, K., and Roose, L. "A review of health assessment techniques for distribution transformers", Applied Sciences, 10(22), p. 8115 (2020). DOI: 10.3390/app10228115.
3. Emara, M.M., Peppas, G.D., and Gonos I.F. "Two graphical shapes based on DGA for power transformer fault types discrimination", IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 28(3), pp. 981- 987 (2021). DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2021.009415.
4. Gao, C., Yu, L., Xu, Y., et al. "Partial discharge localization inside transformer windings via fiberoptic acoustic sensor array", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 34(4), pp. 1251-1260 (2019). DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2018.2880230.
5. Tenbohlen, S., Beltle, M., and Siegel, M. "PD monitoring of power transformers by UHF sensors", International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials (ISEIM), Toyohashi, Japan, pp. 303-306 (2017). DOI: 10.23919/ISEIM.2017.8088747.
6. Wang, H. and Butler, K.L. "Modeling transformer with internal winding faults by calculating leakage factors", Proc. 31st North American Power Symposium (NAPS) Web-Based Computing for Power System Applications, San Luis Obispo, USA, pp. 176-182 (1999).
7. Samimi, M.H., Tenbohlen, S., Akmal, A.A.S., et al. "Dismissing uncertainties in the FRA interpretation", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 33(4), pp. 2041-2043 (2018). DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD. 2016.2618601.
8. Samimi, M.H. and Dadashi Ilkhechi, H. "Survey of different sensors employed for the power transformer monitoring", IET Science, Measurement & Technology, 14, pp. 1-8 (2020). DOI: 10.1049/ietsmt. 2019.0103.
9. Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhou, B., et al. "Magnetic shunt design and their effects on transformer winding electromagnetic forces", Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering, 43, pp. 97-105 (2019). DOI: 10.1007/s40998-018- 0074-4.
10. Geifiler, D. and Leibfried, T. "Short-circuit strength of power transformer windings-verification of tests by a finite element analysis-based model", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 32(4), pp. 1705-1712 (2017). DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2016.2572399.
11. Wang, S., Wang, S., and Zhang, N. "Calculation and analysis of mechanical characteristics of transformer windings under short-circuit condition", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 55(7), pp. 1-4 (2019). DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2019.2898183.
12. Murugan, R. and Ramasamy, R. "Understanding the power transformer component failures for health indexbased maintenance planning in electric utilities", Engineering Failure Analysis, 96, pp. 274-288 (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2018.10.011.
13. Seyedshenava, S. and Ahmadpour, A. "Finite element method for optimal transformer connection based on induction motor characteristics analysis", Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(2), pp. 1943-1957 (2021).DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2020.12.008.
14. Guo, J., Ma, X., and Ahmadpour, A. "Electricalmechanical evaluation of the multi-cascaded induction motors under different conditions", Energy, 229, p. 120664 (2021). DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120664.
15. Kim, H., Chung, Y., Jin, J., et al. "Manifestation of  flexural vibration modes of rails by the phase-based magnification method", IEEE Access, 9, pp. 98121- 98131 (2021).
16. Sarrafi, A., Mao, Z., Niezrecki, C., et al. "Vibrationbased damage detection in wind turbine blades using Phase-based Motion Estimation and motion magnification", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 421, pp. 300- 318 (2018). DOI: 10.1016/j.jsv.2018.01.050.
17. Civera, M., Zanotti Fragonara, L., and Surace, C. "An experimental study of the feasibility of phasebased video magnification for damage detection and localization in operational deflection shapes", Strain, 56(2), p. e12336 (2020). DOI: 10.1111/str.12336.
18. Report, A.C. "Bibliography on transformer noise", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-87(2), pp. 372-387 (1968).
19. Fahnoe, H. "A study of sound levels of transformers", Electrical Engineering, 60(6), pp. 277-282 (1941). DOI: 10.1109/EE.1941.6432149.
20. Si, W., Yao, W., Guan, H., et al. "Numerical study of vibration characteristics for sensor membrane in transformer oil", Energies, 14(6), p. 1662 (2021). DOI: 10.3390/en14061662.
21. Foster, S.L. and Reiplinger, E. "Characteristics and control of transformer sound", IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-100, pp. 1072- 1077 (1981). DOI: 10.1109/TPAS.1981.316573.
22. Xu, L. and Liu, X. "Study on the three dimensions attenuated model and the algorithm of environmental noise in substations", Proc. CSEE, Mathematics, Dodoma, Tanzania, 32, I0024 (2012).
23. Wu, G., Cheng, S.G., Huang, L., et al. "Prediction on the noise of 220 kV outdoor substation to environmental infection", Noise and Vibration Control, 27, pp. 135-137 (2007).
24. Zhu, L., Yang, Q., Yan, R., et al. "Research on vibration and noise of power transformer cores including magnetostriction effects", Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 28, pp. 1-6 (2013).
25. Hu, J., Liu, D., Liao, Q., et al. "Analysis of transformer electromagnetic vibration noise based on finite element method", Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 31, pp. 81-88 (2016).
26. Ji, S., Li, Y., and Fu, C. "Application of on-load current method in monitoring the condition of transformer's core based on the vibration analysis method", Proc. CSEE, Madrid, Spain, 2, pp. 154-158 (2003).
27. Yu, X., Li, Y., Jing, Y., et al. "Calculation and analysis of natural frequency of winding model of  ransformer", Transformer, 47, pp. 5-8 (2010).
28. Bartoletti, C., Desiderio, M., Carlo, D.D., et al. "Vibro-acoustic techniques to diagnose power transformers", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 19(1), pp. 221-229 (2004).
29. Hong, K., Huang, H., and Zhou, J. "A method of real-time fault diagnosis for power transformers based on vibration analysis", IET Measurement Science and Technology, 26, p. 115011 (2015). DOI: 10.1088/0957- 0233/26/11/115011.
30. Berler, Z., Golubev, A., Rusov, V., et al. "Vibroacoustic method of transformer clamping pressure monitoring", Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, pp. 263-266 (2000). DOI: 10.1109/ELINSL.2000.845503.
31. Garcia, B., Burgos, J.C., and Alonso, A.M. "Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part I: theoretical foundation", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21(1), pp. 157-163 (2005). DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2005.852280.
32. Garcia, B., Burgos, J.C., and Alonso, A.M. "Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part II: experimental verification", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21(1), pp. 164-169 (2005). DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD. 2005.852275.
33. Ji, S., Luo, Y., and Li, Y. "Research on extraction technique of transformer core fundamental frequency vibration based on OLCM", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 21(4), pp. 1981-1988 (2006). DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2006.876665.
34. Naranpanawe, L. and Ekanayake, C. "Finite element modelling of a transformer winding for vibration analysis", 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia, pp. 1-6 (2016). DOI: 10.1109/AUPEC.2016.7749344.
35. Qian, G., Lu, Y., Wang, F., et al. "Vibration response analysis of transformer winding by finite element method", 2016 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D), Dallas, TX, USA, pp. 1-5 (2016). DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2016.7519986.
36. Jin, M. and Pan, J. "Vibration transmission from internal structures to the tank of an applied acoustics oil-filled power transformer", Applied Acoustics, 113, pp. 1-6 (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2016.05.022.
37. Liu, M., Hubert, O., Mininger, X., et al. "Homogenized magnetoelastic behavior model for the computation of strain due to magnetostriction in transformers", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 52(2), pp. 1-12 (2016). DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2015.2493062.
38. Beltle, M. and Tenbohlen, S. "Vibration analysis of power transformers", 18th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1816-1821 (2013).
39. Rivas, E., Burgos, J.C., and Garcia-Prada, J.C. "Condition assessment of power OLTC by vibration analysis using wavelet transform", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 24(2), pp. 687-694 (2009). DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2014268.
40. Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Zhang, D., et al. "Modeling of magnetostrictive property of electrical steel sheet under vectorial excitation", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 55(6), pp. 1-4 (2019). DOI: 10.1109/TMAG.2019.2896892.
41. Xiaomu, D., Tong, Z., and Jinxin, L. "Analysis of winding vibration characteristics of power transformers based on the finite-element method", Energies, 11(9), 2404 (2018). DOI: 10.3390/en11092404.
42. Wan, D.F. "Magnetic theory and its application", Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press, Wuhan, China, pp. 56-62 (1996).
43. Togun, N. and Bagdatli, S.M. "Nonlinear vibration of a nanobeam on a pasternak elastic foundation based on non-local  euler-bernoulli beam theory", Mathematical and Computational Applications, 21(1), p. 3 (2016). DOI: 10.3390/mca21010003.
44. Hong, K., Huang, H., and Zhou, J. "Winding condition assessment of power transformers based on vibration correlation", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 30(4), pp. 1735-1742 (2015). DOI: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2376033.
45. Zhang, F., Ji, S., Shi, Y., et al. "Investigation on the action of eddy current on tank vibration characteristics in dry-type transformer", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 55(2), pp. 1-8 (2019). DOI:10.1109/TMAG.2018.2883854.
46. Wang, J., Gao, C., Duan, X., et al. "Multi-field coupling simulation and experimental study on transformer vibration caused by DC bias", Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, 10(1), pp. 176- 187 (2015). DOI: 10.5370/JEET.2015.10.1.176.
47. Behjat, V., Shams, A., and Tamjidi, V. "Characterization of power transformer electromagnetic forces affected by winding faults", Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering, 6(1), pp. 40-49 (2018). DOI: 10.22098/joape.2018.2436.1210.
48. Yan, T., Ren, C., Zhou, J., et al. "The study on vibration reduction of nonlinear time-delay dynamic absorber under external excitation", Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2020, pp. 1-11 (2020). DOI:10.1155/2020/8578596.
49. Shengchang, J., Lingyu, Z., and Yanming, L. "Study on transformer tank vibration characteristics in the field and its application", Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 87(2), pp. 205-211 (2011).
50. Beltle, M. and Tenbohlen, S. "Power transformer diagnosis based on mechanical oscillations due to AC and DC currents", IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 23(3), pp. 1515-1522 (2016). DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2016.005537.
51. Tavakoli, A., De Maria, L., Bartalesi, D., et al. "Diagnosis of transformers based on vibration data", 2019 IEEE 20th International Conference on Dielectric Liquids (ICDL), Roma, Italy, pp. 1-4 (2019). DOI:10.1109/ICDL.2019.8796535.
52. Leibfried, T. and Feser, K. "Monitoring of power transformers using the transfer function method", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 14(4), pp. 1333-1339 (1999). DOI: 10.1109/61.796226.
Scientia Iranica
Volume 31, Issue 5 - Serial Number 5
Transactions on Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering (D)
March and April 2024
Pages 441-457

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics