Evaluation of the reliability of the deregulated radially distribution network with consideration of vehicle to grid

Document Type : Article

Authors

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, P.O. Box: 45371-38791, Iran

Abstract

The essential reduction of fossil fuels and environmental pollutants has caused Electric Vehicles (EVs) to be considered. EVs are able to participate as a manufacturer in the electricity market through Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology. This greatly improves the reliability of distribution systems. Therefore, it is necessary to plan the charging and discharging process in the parking lot. This paper has firstly investigated the different strategies for planning the charging and discharging process of EVs considering the random and unpredictable nature of various parameters, and also the limitation of the power exchange between the distribution system and parking, to evaluate the impact of V2G-equipped parking spaces on reliability. An appropriate strategy is the strategy that will increase the owner's interest in the parking lot. The results show that the use of V2G and charge-discharge strategies improve reliability (SAIFI, SAIDI, ASAI and ENS indices) of the distribution system. By examining the results of each of the strategies, the proposed strategies are able to increase parking revenue by an average of 21.6% and improve reliability indices of the distribution network up to 8.8%.

Keywords

References

References:
1. Sarparandeh, M.H., Kazemi, M., and Ehsan, M. "Medium-term planning of vehicle-to-grid aggregators for providing frequency regulation service", Scientia Iranica, 27(3), pp. 1413-1423 (2020).
2. Aliasgahri, P., Mohammadi-Ivatloo, B., and Abapour, M. "Risk-based cooperative scheduling of demand response and electric vehicle aggregators", Scientia Iranica, 26(Special Issue on machine learning, data analytics, and advanced optimization techniques in modern power systems [Transactions on Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering (D)), pp. 3571-3581 (2019).
3. Wang, S., Bi, S., Zhang, Y.J.A., et al. "Electrical vehicle charging station profit maximization: Admission, pricing, and online scheduling", IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy , 9(4), pp. 1722-1731 (2018).
4. Li, G., Sun, Q., Boukhatem, L., et al. "Intelligent vehicle-to-vehicle charging navigation for mobile electric vehicles via VANET-based communication", IEEE Access, 7, pp. 170888-170906 (2019).
5. Delkhosh, M. and Saadat Foumani, M. "An optimal control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles", Scientia Iranica, 26(6), pp. 3245-3254 (2019).
6. Akhavan-Rezai, E., Shaaban, M.F., El-Saadany, E.F., et al. "New EMS to incorporate smart parking lots into demand response", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(2), pp. 1376-1386 (2018).
7. Farjam, T., Saadat Foumani, M., and Delkhosh, M. "Optimization of multiple transmission layouts for minimal energy consumption of a battery electric vehicle", Scientia Iranica, 26(4), pp. 2382-2393 (2019).
8. Hadian, E., Akbari, H., Farzinfar, M., et al. "Optimal allocation of electric vehicle charging stations with adopted smart charging/discharging schedule", IEEE Access, 8, pp. 196908-196919 (2020).
9. Alahyari, A., Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M., and Rastegar, M. "Incorporating customer reliability cost in PEV charge scheduling schemes considering vehicle-to-home capability", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 64(7), pp. 2783-2791(2014).
10. Antunez, C.S., Franco, J.F., Rider, M.J., et al. "A new methodology for the optimal charging coordination of electric vehicles considering vehicle-to-grid technology", IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 7(2), pp. 596-607 (2016).
11. Hua, L., Wang, J., and Zhou, C. "Adaptive electric vehicle charging coordination on distribution network", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5(6), pp. 2666- 2675 (2014).
12. Aravinthan, V. and Jewell, W. "Controlled electric vehicle charging for mitigating impacts on distribution assets", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6(2), pp. 999-1009 (2015).
13. Su, W. and Chow, M.Y. "Performance evaluation of a PHEV parking station using particle swarm optimization", In 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, pp. 1-6 (2011, July).
14. Nguyen, H.N., Zhang, C., and Mahmud, M.A. "Optimal coordination of G2V and V2G to support power grids with high penetration of renewable energy", IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 1(2), pp. 188-195 (2015).
15. Almutairi, A. and Salama, M.M. "Assessment and enhancement frameworks for system reliability performance using different PEV charging models", IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 9(4), pp. 1969- 1984 (2018).
16. Kamruzzaman, M.D. and Benidris, M. "Reliabilitybased metrics to quantify the maximum permissible load demand of electric vehicles", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(4), pp. 3365-3375 (2019).
17. Cheng, L., Chang, Y., Lin, J., et al. "Power system reliability assessment with electric vehicle integration using battery exchange mode," IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 4(4), pp. 1034-1042 (2013).
18. Xu, N.Z. and Chung, C.Y. "Well-being analysis of generating systems considering electric vehicle charging", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 29(5), pp. 2311-2320 (2014).
19. Xu, N.Z. and Chung, C.Y. "Reliability evaluation of distribution systems including vehicle-to-home and vehicle-to-grid", IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 31(1), pp. 759-768 (2015).
20. Jozi, F., Mazlumi, K., and Hosseini, H. "Charging and discharging coordination of electric vehicles in a parking lot considering the limitation of power exchange with the distribution system", In 2017 IEEE 4th International Conference on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI), pp. 0937-0941 IEEE (2017).
21. Dallinger, D., Krampe, D., and Wietschel, M. "Vehicle-to-grid regulation based on a dynamic simulation of mobility behaviour", Work. Pap. Sustain. Innov., 4(2), pp. 302-313 (2010).
22. Corchero, C., Cruz-Zambrano, M., and Heredia, F.J. "Optimal energy management for a residential microgrid including a vehicle-to-grid system", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5(4), pp. 2163-2172 (2014).
23. Li, W. "Reliability assessment of electric power systems using Monte Carlo methods", Springer Science & Business Media (2013).
24. Subcommittee, P. "IEEE reliability test system", IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst., PAS-98(6), pp. 2047-2054 (Nov. 1979).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 30, Issue 5
Transactions on Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering (D)
September and October 2023
Pages 1687-1702

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 January 2021
  • Revise Date: 25 July 2021
  • Accept Date: 10 January 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics