Reliability-Based Approach for Fragility Analysis of Lattice Transmission Tower in the Type Test

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 - Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Iran - Department of Power Industry Structures Research, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, P.O. Box 1466-5517, Iran

2 Department of Power Industry Structures Research, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, P.O. Box 1466-5517, Iran

3 Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Iran

Abstract

Precise prediction of the structural capacity of lattice transmission towers under various loads is essential to assess the reliability of the transmission network accurately. In doing so, the uncertainties inherent in the modeling parameters of the towers need to be taken into account. In this paper, a probabilistic framework is developed to analyze the failure of a 230 kV double-circuit tower in full-scale type test accounting for the uncertainties including eccentricity at the connections, joint slippage, and initial imperfection in the members. Three loading patterns are applied to the manufactured full-scale tension tower. A finite element model of the tower with consideration of mentioned uncertainties is built and verified by the test results. The importance vectors derived from reliability analysis clarifiy the effect of each of these parameters on the target points' displacement, as well as the maximum load carrying capacity in towers' members for these load patterns. Besides, the additional moments due to eccentricity at the connections are considered by a proposed regression-based equation. The failure probability of the tested tower is determined for various load factors, and the results are presented in terms of fragility curves. Besides, the effect of eccentricity on the tower’s failure is quantified.

Keywords

References

  1. References:

    1. Paiva, F., Henriques, J., and Barros, R. C., “Review of Transmission Tower Testing Stations Around the World”, Procedia Engineering, 57, pp. 859–868 (2013).
    2. Rao, N. P., Mohan, S. J., and Lakshmanan, N., “A study on failure of cross arms in transmission line towers during prototype testing”, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 05(03), pp. 435–455 (2005).
    3. Tian, L., Guo, L., Ma, R., Gai, X., and Wang, W., “Full-Scale Tests and Numerical Simulations of Failure Mechanism of Power Transmission Towers”, International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 18(09), p. 1850109 (2018).
    4. Shukla, V. K. and Selvaraj, M., “Assessment of structural behavior of transmission line tower using strain gauging method”, International Journal of Steel Structures, 17(4), pp. 1529–1536 (2017).
    5. Tian, L., Pan, H., Ma, R., Zhang, L., and Liu, Z., “Full-scale test and numerical failure analysis of a latticed steel tubular transmission tower”, Engineering Structures, 208(October), p. 109919 (2020).
    6. Prasad Rao, N., Knight, G. M. S., Lakshmanan, N., and Iyer, N. R., “Investigation of transmission line tower failures”, Engineering Failure Analysis, 17(5), pp. 1127–1141 (2010).
    7. Lu, C., Ma, X., and Mills, J. E., “Modeling of retrofitted steel transmission towers”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 112, pp. 138–154 (2015).
    8. Albermani, F., Kitipornchai, S., and Chan, R. W. K., “Failure analysis of transmission towers”, Engineering Failure Analysis, 16(6), pp. 1922–1928 (2009).
    9. de Souza, R. R., Fadel Miguel, L. F., Kaminski, J., and Lopez, R. H., “Topology design recommendations of transmission line towers to minimize the bolt slippage effect”, Engineering Structures, 178(August 2018), pp. 286–297 (2019).
    10. Jiang, W. Q., Wang, Z. Q., McClure, G., Wang, G. L., and Geng, J. D., “Accurate modeling of joint effects in lattice transmission towers”, Engineering Structures, 33(5), pp. 1817–1827 (2011).
    11. Albermani, F. G. A. and Kitipornchai, S., “Numerical simulation of structural behaviour of transmission towers”, Thin-Walled Structures, 41(2–3), pp. 167–177 (2003).
    12. Jiang Wen-qiang, Wang Zhang-qi, and McClure, G., “Notice of Retraction: Failure analysis of lattice transmission tower considering joint effects”, 2010 International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM 2010), IEEE, pp. V5-602-V5-605 (2010).
    13. Szafran, J. and Rykaluk, K., “Steel Lattice Tower Under Ultimate Load – Chosen Joint Analysis”, Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports, 25(2), pp. 199–210 (2017).
    14. Yaghoobi, S. and Shooshtari, A., “Joint slip investigation based on finite element modelling verified by experimental results on wind turbine lattice towers”, Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 12(3), pp. 341–351 (2018).
    15. An, L., Wu, J., and Jiang, W., “Experimental and numerical study of the axial stiffness of bolted joints in steel lattice transmission tower legs”, Engineering Structures, 187(March), pp. 490–503 (2019).
    16. Ungkurapinan, N., Chandrakeerthy, S. R. D. R. D. S., Rajapakse, R. K. N. . K. N. D., and Yue, S. . B., “Joint slip in steel electric transmission towers”, Engineering Structures, 25(6), pp. 779–788 (2003).
    17. Ahmed, K. I. E., Rajapakse, R. K. N. D., and Gadala, M. S., “Influence of Bolted-Joint Slippage on the Response of Transmission Towers Subjected to Frost-Heave”, Advances in Structural Engineering, 12(1), pp. 1–17 (2009).
    18. Kitipornchai, S., Al‐Bermani, F. G. A., and Peyrot, A. H., “Effect of Bolt Slippage on Ultimate Behavior of Lattice Structures”, Journal of Structural Engineering, 120(8), pp. 2281–2287 (1994).
    19. Temple, M. C., Sakla, S. S. S., Stchyrba, D., and Ellis, D., “Arrangement of interconnectors for starred angle compression members”, Canadian journal of civil engineering, 21(1), pp. 76–80 (1994).
    20. Hoseini, S. A., Ghaemian, M., and Hariri-Ardebili, M. A., “Uncertainty quantification in seismic collapse assessment of the Iranian code-conforming RC buildings”, Scientia Iranica, 27(4), pp. 1786–1802 (2020).
    21. Fong, M., Cho, S.-H., and Chan, S.-L., “Design of angle trusses by codes and second-order analysis with experimental verification”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 65(12), pp. 2140–2147 (2009).
    22. Fu, X., Wang, J., Li, H.-N., Li, J.-X., and Yang, L.-D., “Full-scale test and its numerical simulation of a transmission tower under extreme wind loads”, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 190(November 2018), pp. 119–133 (2019).
    23. Tian, L., Pan, H., and Ma, R., “Probabilistic seismic demand model and fragility analysis of transmission tower subjected to near-field ground motions”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 156, pp. 266–275 (2019).
    24. Da Silva, J. G. S., Vellasco, P. C. G. D. S., De Andrade, S. A. L., and De Oliveira, M. I. R., “Structural assessment of current steel design models for transmission and telecommunication towers”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 61(8), pp. 1108–1134 (2005).
    25. Lee, P.-S. and McClure, G., “Elastoplastic large deformation analysis of a lattice steel tower structure and comparison with full-scale tests”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 63(5), pp. 709–717 (2007).
    26. Prasad Rao, N. and Kalyanaraman, V., “Non-linear behaviour of lattice panel of angle towers”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 57(12), pp. 1337–1357 (2001).
    27. Zhuge, Y., Mills, J. E., and Ma, X., “Modelling of steel lattice tower angle legs reinforced for increased load capacity”, Engineering Structures, 43, pp. 160–168 (2012).
    28. Fu, X. and Li, H.-N., “Uncertainty analysis of the strength capacity and failure path for a transmission tower under a wind load”, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 173(February), pp. 147–155 (2018).
    29. Mohammadi Darestani, Y., Shafieezadeh, A., and Cha, K., “Effect of modelling complexities on extreme wind hazard performance of steel lattice transmission towers”, Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 16(6), pp. 898–915 (2020).
    30. Fu, X., Li, H. N., and Wang, J., “Failure analysis of a transmission tower subjected to combined wind and rainfall excitations”, Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 28(10), pp. 1–19 (2019).
    31. Tessari, R. K., Kroetz, H. M., and Beck, A. T., “Performance-based design of steel towers subject to wind action”, Engineering Structures, 143, pp. 549–557 (2017).
    32. Pan, H., Tian, L., Fu, X., and Li, H., “Sensitivities of the seismic response and fragility estimate of a transmission tower to structural and ground motion uncertainties”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 167, p. 105941 (2020).
    33. Fu, X., Wang, J., and Li, H., “Failure analysis of a transmission tower induced by wind loads”, The 2018 Structures Congress (Structures18), Songdo Convensia, Incheon, Korea, (2018).
    34. Sotoudeh, M. A., Ghaemian, M., and Moghadam, A. S., “Determination of limit-states for near-fault seismic fragility assessment of concrete gravity dams”, Scientia Iranica, 26(3A), pp. 1135–1155 (2019).
    35. Li, X., Zhang, W., Niu, H., and Wu, Z. Y., “Probabilistic capacity assessment of single circuit transmission tower-line system subjected to strong winds”, Engineering Structures, 175(July), pp. 517–530 (2018).
    36. Liu, Y., Lu, N., Yin, X., and Noori, M., “An adaptive support vector regression method for structural system reliability assessment and its application to a cable-stayed bridge”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability, 230(2), pp. 204–219 (2016).
    37. Shafaei, A., Gholami, A., and Shariatinasab, R., “Probabilistic evaluation of lightning performance of overhead transmission lines, considering non-vertical strokes”, Scientia Iranica, 19(3), pp. 812–819 (2012).
    38. Szafran, J., Juszczyk, K., and Kamiński, M., “Experiment-based reliability analysis of structural joints in a steel lattice tower”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 154, pp. 278–292 (2019).
    39. Liu, Z. and Feng, X., “A Real-Time Reliable Condition Assessment System for 500kV Transmission Towers Based on Stress Measurement”, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2019, pp. 1–8 (2019).
    40. Szafran, J., Juszczyk, K., and Kamiński, M., “Reliability Assessment of Steel Lattice Tower Subjected to Random Wind Load by the Stochastic Finite-Element Method”, ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, 6(1), p. 04020003 (2020).
    41. McKenna, F., Fenves, G. L., and Scott, M. H., “Open system for earthquake engineering simulation”, PACIFIC EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH CENTER (2000).
    42. Mahsuli, M. and Haukaas, T., “Computer Program for Multimodel Reliability and Optimization Analysis”, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 27(1), pp. 87–98 (2013).
    43. IEC 60652, Loading Tests on Overhead Line Structures (2002).
    44. Tavanir, Codes and Standards for Loading Transmission Line Towers, Tehran (1998).
    45. Ungkurapinan, N., Chandrakeerthy, S. R. D. S., Rajapakse, R. K. N. ., and Yue, S. ., “Joint slip in steel electric transmission towers”, Engineering Structures, 25(6), pp. 779–788 (2003).
    46. Ungkurapinan, N., Chandrakeerthy, S. R. D. S., Rajapakse, R. K. N. D., and Yue, S. B., “Joint slip in steel electric transmission towers”, Engineering Structures, 25(6), pp. 779–788 (2003).
    47. Charalampakis, A. E., “Full plastic capacity of equal angle sections under biaxial bending and normal force”, Engineering Structures, 33(6), pp. 2085–2090 (2011).
    48. ASCE, Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures, ASCE 10-15 (2015).
    49. Bishop, C. M., Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, springer, New York (2006).
    50. Mahadevan, Sankaran, and A. H., Probability, Reliability and Statistical Method in Engineering Design. (2000).
    51. Kiureghian, A. Der, “First- and second-order reliability methods”, In Engineering Design Reliability Handbook, CRC Press (2006).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 29, Issue 3
Transactions on Civil Engineering (A)
May and June 2022
Pages 1125-1141

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics