Numerical modeling of masonry wall under underground waves

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

Abstract

The dynamic behavior of structures has always received considerable attention. The dynamic behavior of structures requires the suitable numerical modeling method in order for the behavior of structures under dynamic loads to be illustrated. In this study, the response of two identical unreinforced masonry walls to the underground blast was examined. The experimental variables were the horizontal distance from the explosion point and depth in which the explosives were located. After examining the behavior of the masonry walls under high-frequency dynamic loads, different numerical models were applied to simulate the dynamic behavior of these two walls against the underground blast experiments. Thus, a number of different factors, including yield criterion, types of meso and macro modeling for the masonry wall, and topography of the site were investigated. Finally, due to the degree of accuracy required, it was concluded that each of the methods can be used; however, the most appropriate and accurate modeling method for the unreinforced masonry wall is the frictional-cohesive zone material and modified Mohr-Coulomb model, which provided accurate and precise responses.

Keywords

References

References:
1. Ali, S.S. and Page, A.W. "Finite element model for masonry subjected to concentrated loads", Journal of Structural Engineering, 114(8), pp. 1761-1784 (1988).
2. Dhanasekar, M., Kleeman, P.W., and Page, A.W. "Biaxial stress-strain relations for brick masonry", Journal of Structural Engineering, 111(5), pp. 1085- 1100 (1985).
3. Andreaus, U. "Failure criteria for masonry panels under in-plane loading", Journal of Structural Engineering, 122(1), pp. 37-46 (1996).
4. Ghiassi, B., Soltani, M., and Tasnimi, A.A. "A simplified model for analysis of unreinforced masonry shear walls under combined axial, shear and  flexural loading", Engineering  structures, 42, pp. 396-409 (2012).
5. Grande, E., Imbimbo, M., Rasulo, A., and Sacco, E. "A frame element model for the nonlinear analysis of FRP-strengthened masonry panels subjected to in-plane loads", Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2013, 754162 (2013).
6. Berardi, V.P. "Initiation of failue for masonry subject to in-plane loads through micromechanics", Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, 2016, 2959038 (2016).
7. Panto, B., Calio, I., and Lourenco, P.B. "A 3D discrete macro-element for modelling the out-of-plane behaviour of infilled frame structures", Engineering Structures, 175, pp. 371-385 (2018).
8. Choudhury, T., Milani, G., and Kaushik, H.B. "Experimental and numerical analyses of unreinforced masonry wall components and building", Construction and Building Materials, 257, p. 119599 (2020).
9. Giambanco, G., Rizzo, S., and Spallino, R. "Numerical analysis of masonry structures via interface models", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 190(49-50), pp. 6493-6511 (2001).
10. Chaimoon, K. and Attard, M.M. "Experimental and numerical investigation of masonry under three-point bending (in-plane)", Engineering Structures, 31(1), pp. 103-112 (2009).
11. Akhaveissy, A.H. "The DSC model for the nonlinear analysis of in-plane loaded masonry structures", The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 6(1) (2012).
12. Akhaveissy, A.H. "Lateral strength force of URM structures based on a constitutive model for interface element", Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, 8(4), pp. 445-461 (2011).
13. Akhaveissy, A.H. and Milani, G. "Pushover analysis of large scale unreinforced masonry structures by means of a fully 2D non-linear model", Construction and Building Materials, 41, pp. 276-295 (2013).
14. Deng, M. and Yang, S. "Experimental and numerical evaluation of confined masonry walls retrofitted with engineered cementitious composites", Engineering Structures, 207, p. 110249 (2020).
15. Khan, H.A., Nanda, R.P., and Das, D. "Numerical analysis of geosynthetic strengthened brick masonry panels", In Advances in Structural Vibration, Springer. pp. 35-41 (2020).
16. Karaton, M. and C anskci, K. "Investigation of head and bed mortar region effect in micro scale modelling of masonry walls", Sigma: Journal of Engineering & Natural Sciences/Muhendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 38(2), pp. 741-756 (2020).
17. Komurcu, S. and Gedikli, A. "Macro and micro modeling of the unreinforced masonry shear walls", European Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 3(2), pp. 116-123 (2017).
18. Hao, H. and Wu, C. "Numerical study of characteristics of underground blast induced surface ground motion and their effect on above-ground structures. Part II. Effects on structural responses", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25(1), pp. 39-53 (2005).
19. Soheyli, M.R., Akhaveissy, A.H., and Mirhosseini, S.M. "Large-scale experimental and numerical study of blast acceleration created by close-in buried explosion on underground tunnel lining", Shock and Vibration, 2016, 8918050 (2016).
20. Wu, C. and Hao, H. "Numerical study of characteristics of underground blast induced surface ground motion and their effect on above-ground structures. Part I. Ground motion characteristics", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25(1), pp. 27-38 (2005).
21. Ma, H.J., Quek, S.T., and Ang, K.K. "Soil-structure interaction effect from blast-induced horizontal and vertical ground vibration", Engineering Structures, 26(12), pp. 1661-1675 (2004).
22. Ma, G. and Hao, H., and Zhou, Y. "Assessment of structure damage to blasting induced ground motions", Engineering Structures, 22(10), pp. 1378-1389 (2000).
23. Shi, Y., Xiong, W., Li, Z.X., and Xu, Q. "Experimental studies on the local damage and fragments of unreinforced masonry walls under close-in explosions", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 90, pp. 122-131 (2016).
24. Wang, J., Ren, H.,Wu, X., and Cai, C. "Blast response of polymer-retrofitted masonry unit walls", Composites Part B: Engineering, 128, pp. 174-181(2017).
25. Li, Z., Chen, L., Fang, Q., Chen, W., Hao, H., Zhu, R., and Zheng, K. "Experimental and numerical study on CFRP strip strengthened clay brick masonry walls subjected to vented gas explosions", International Journal of Impact Engineering, 129, pp. 66-79 (2019).
26. Hu, X.D., Zhao, G.F., Deng, X.F., Hao, Y.F., Fan, L.F., Ma, G.W., and Zhao, J. "Application of the four-dimensional lattice spring model for blasting wave propagation around the underground rock cavern", Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 82, pp. 135-147 (2018).
27. Ma, G.W., Hao, H., and Zhou, Y.X. "Modeling of wave propagation induced by underground explosion", Computers and Geotechnics, 22(3-4), pp. 283-303 (1998).
28. ASTM, C. 109., Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in.or [50-mm] Cube Specimens): ASTM International  (2013).
29. Committee, M.S.J. "Building code requirements for masonry structures (TMS 402-11/ACI 530-11/ASCE 5-11)", The Masonry Society, Boulder, CO. (2011).
30. ASTM Committee D-18., Standard Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils: ASTM International (2011).
31. ASTM. D. 3080., Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions, ASTM West Conshohocken (2011).
32. Goel, R.K. and Chopra, A.K. "Evaluation of modal and FEMA pushover analyses: SAC buildings", Earthquake Spectra, 20(1), pp. 225-254 (2004).
33. Lysmer, J. and Kuhlemeyer, R.L. "Finite dynamic model for infinite media", Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 95(4), pp. 859-878 (1969).
34. Liu, G.R. and Achenbach, J.D. "A strip element method for stress analysis of anisotropic linearly elastic solids", Journal of Applied Mechanics, 61(2), pp. 270- 277 (1994).
35. Gratkowski, S., Pichon, L., and Razek, A. "Infinite elements for 2D unbonded wave problems", COMPEL, - The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 14(4), pp. 65-69 (1995).
36. Chen, S.G., Cai, J.G., Zhao, J., and Zhou, Y.X. "Discrete element modelling of an underground explosion in a jointed rock mass", Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, 18(2), pp. 59-78 (2000).
37. Jiao, Y.Y., Zhang, X.L., Zhao, J., and Liu, Q.S. "Viscous boundary of DDA for modeling stress wave propagation in jointed rock", International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences (1997), 44(7), pp. 1070-1076 (2007).
38. Army, U.S., Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions, US Government Printing O ffice (1969).
39. Station, U.A. TM5-855-1, Fundamentals of Protective Design for Conventional Weapons, US Army (1986).
40. Murrell, D.W. and Joachim, C.E., Singapore Ground Shock Test, Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg Ms Structures Lab. (1996).
41. Fan, S.C., Jiao, Y.Y., and Zhao, J. "On modelling of incident boundary for wave propagation in jointed rock masses using discrete element method", Computers and Geotechnics, 31(1), pp. 57-66 (2004).
42. Willam, K.J. "Constitutive model for the triaxial behavior of concrete", International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering Proceedings, 19, pp. 1-30 (1975).
43. Thompson, M.K. and Thompson, J.M., ANSYS Mechanical APDL for Finite Element Analysis, Butterworth-Heinemann (2017).
44. Asteris, P.G. and Antoniou, S.T. "Mathematical macromodeling of infilled frames: State of the art", Journal of Structural Engineering, 137(12), pp. 1508- 1517 (2011).
45. Madan, A., Reinhorn, A.M., Mander, J.B., and Valles, R.E. "Modeling of masonry infill panels for structural analysis", Journal of Structural Engineering, 123(10), pp. 1295-1302 (1997).
46. Milani, G. and Tralli, A. "A simple meso-macro model based on SQP for the non-linear analysis of masonry double curvature structures", International Journal of Solids and Structures, 49(5), pp. 808-834 (2012).
47. Wood, D.M., Soil Behaviour and Critical State Soil Mechanics, Cambridge University Press (1990).
48. Bicanic, N. "Detection of multiple active yield conditions for Mohr-Coulomb elasto-plasticity", Computers & Structures, 62(1), pp. 51-61(1997).
49. Menetrey, P. and Willam, K.J. "Triaxial failure criterion for concrete and its generalization", Structural Journal, 92(3), pp. 311-318 (1995).
50. Alfano, G. and Sacco, E. "Combining interface damage and friction in a cohesive-zone model", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 68(5), pp. 542-582 (2006).
51. Giambanco, G., Rizzo, S., and Spallino, R. "Numerical analysis of masonry structures via interface models", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 190(49), pp. 6493-6511 (2001).
52. Parrinello, F., Failla, B., and Borino, G.  Cohesivefrictional interface constitutive model", International Journal of Solids and Structures, 46(13), pp. 2680- 2692 (2009).
53. Vandoren, B., De Proft, K., Simone, A., and Sluys, L.J. "Mesoscopic modelling of masonry using weak and strong discontinuities", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 255, pp. 167-182 (2013).
54. Boussabah, L. and Bruneau, M. "Review of the seismic performance of unreinforced masonry walls", In Proc. of the 10th World Conf. on Eq. Eng. (1992).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 28, Issue 6 - Serial Number 6
Transactions on Civil Engineering (A)
November and December 2021
Pages 2987-3007

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 May 2019
  • Revise Date: 09 February 2021
  • Accept Date: 05 July 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics