Investigation of flow patterns around rectangular and oblong piers with collar located in a 180-degree sharp bend

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Shahid Mahini St., Bushehr 7516913798, Iran

2 Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Ave, Potsdam, NY 13699, New York, USA

Abstract

Flow in river bends is associated with generation of secondary flows that leads to a rather complicated flow pattern around bridge piers located in the bend. In this study, the flow patterns around rectangular and oblong piers models with collar located at the 90o angle of a 180-degree sharp bend in an experimental plume were investigated. The 3D flow velocity data were collected using a Vectrino velocimeter. The experimental results indicated that the presence of the rectangular pier caused more intense deviation of the streamlines towards the outer bank of the bend. Furthermore, installation of the oblong pier, the maximum secondary flow power and angular velocity were decreased, respectively, by 35% and 45% in comparison with the installation of the rectangular pier. In addition, it was found that the maximum turbulence kinetic energy around the two piers was not significantly different, but by installing the rectangular pier, a region with high values of turbulence kinetic energy is formed at 90° near the inner bank. Also, installation of oblong pier reduces the values of shear stress in comparison with the use of the rectangular pier.

Keywords

References

References:
[1] Albayrak, I. and Lemmin, U. “Secondary currents and corresponding surface velocity patterns in a turbulent open-channel flow over a rough bed”, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137(11), pp. 1318-1334 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000438.
[2] Ataie-Ashtiani, B. and Aslani-Kordkandi, A. “Flow field around side-by-side piers with and without a scour hole”, European Journal of Mechanics-B/Fluids, 36, pp. 152-166 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2012.03.007
[3] Akib, S., Jahangirzadeh, A. and Basser, H. “Local scour around complex pier groups and combined piles at semi-integral bridge”, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 62(2), pp. 108-116 (2014). https://doi.org/ 10.2478/johh-2014-0015
[4] Tao, J. and Yu, X. “Flow and Scour Patterns around Bridge Piers with Different Configurations: Insights from CFD Simulations”, In Geo-Congress 2014, Geo-characterization and Modeling for Sustainability, pp. 2655-2664 (2014).
[5] Jaman, H., Das, S., Kuila, A., et al. “Hydrodynamic flow patterns around three inline eccentrically arranged circular piers”, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 42(9), pp.3973-3990 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2536-9
[6] Keshavarzi, A., Shrestha, C.K., Zahedani, M.R., et al. “Experimental study of flow structure around two in-line bridge piers”, In Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers-water management, 171(6), pp. 311-327 Thomas Telford Ltd (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jwama.16.00104
[7] Jalil, S.A. “Analysis of the Modeling Outputs of Shape Factor Effect on Flow Structure between Bridge Piers”, Journal of University of Babylon, 26(4), pp. 208-221 (2018).
[8] Chavan, R., Venkataramana, B., Acharya, P., et al. “Comparison of Scour and Flow Characteristics Around Circular and Oblong Bridge Piers in Seepage Affected Alluvial Channels”, Journal of Marine Science and Application, 17(2), pp. 254-264 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11804-018-0016-6
[9] Das, S. and Mazumdar, A. “Evaluation of hydrodynamic consequences for horseshoe vortex system developing around two eccentrically arranged identical piers of diverse shapes”, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(7), pp. 2300-2314 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1842-9
[10] Chen, S.C., Tfwala, S., Wu, T.Y., et al. “A hooked-collar for bridge piers protection: Flow fields and scour”, Water, 10(9), pp. 1251 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/w10091251
[11] Chavan, R., Gualtieri, P. and Kumar, B. “Turbulent Flow Structures and Scour Hole Characteristics around Circular Bridge Piers over Non-Uniform Sand Bed Channels with Downward Seepage”, Water, 11(8), p.1580 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081580
[12] Lee, S.O. and Hong, S.H. “Turbulence characteristics before and after scour upstream of a scaled-down bridge pier model”, Water, 11(9), p.1900 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11091900
[13] Carnacina, I., Leonardi, N. and Pagliara, S. “Characteristics of Flow Structure around Cylindrical Bridge Piers in Pressure-Flow Conditions”, Water, 11(11), p.2240 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112240
[14] Vijayasree, B.A., Eldho, T.I., Mazumder, B.S., et al. “Influence of bridge pier shape on flow field and scour geometry”, International Journal of River Basin Management, 17(1), pp. 109-129 (2019). https://doi.org/ 10.1080/15715124.2017.1394315
[15] Choufu, L., Abbasi, S., Pourshahbaz, H., et al. “Investigation of Flow, Erosion, and Sedimentation Pattern around Varied Groynes under Different Hydraulic and Geometric Conditions: A Numerical Study”, Water, 11(2), pp. 235 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/w11020235
[16] Gautam, P., Eldho, T.I., Mazumder, B.S., et al. “Experimental study of flow and turbulence characteristics around simple and complex piers using PIV”, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 100, pp. 193-206 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2018.09.010
[17] Namaee, M.R. and Sui, J. “Velocity profiles and turbulence intensities around side-by-side bridge piers under ice-covered flow condition”, Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 68(1), pp.70-82 (2020). https://doi.org/10.2478/johh-2019-0029
[18] Vijayasree, B.A., Eldho, T.I. and Mazumder, B.S. “Turbulence statistics of flow causing scour around circular and oblong piers”, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 58(4), pp.673-686 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2019.1661292
[19] Lade, A.D., Deshpande, V. and Kumar, B. “Study of flow turbulence around a circular bridge pier in sand-mined stream channel”, In Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Water Management, pp. 1-21, Thomas Telford Ltd. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.19.00041
[20] Abhari, M.N., Ghodsian, M., Vaghefi, M., et al. “Experimental and numerical simulation of flow in a 90 bend”, Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 21(3), pp. 292-298 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2010.03.002
[21] Stoesser, T., Ruether, N. and Olsen, N.R.B. “Calculation of primary and secondary flow and boundary shear stresses in a meandering channel”, Advances in Water Resources, 33(2), pp. 158-170 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2009.11.001
[22] Uddin, M.N. and Rahman, M.M. “Flow and erosion at a bend in the braided Jamuna River”, International Journal of Sediment Research, 27(4), pp. 498-509 (2012).
[23] Gholami, A., Akbar Akhtari, A., Minatour, Y., et al. “Experimental and numerical study on velocity fields and water surface profile in a strongly-curved 90 open channel bend”, Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 8(3), pp. 447-461 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2014.11015528
[24] Vaghefi, M., Akbari, M. and Fiouz, A.R. “An experimental study of mean and turbulent flow in a 180 degree sharp open channel bend: Secondary flow and bed shear stress”, KSCE Journal of civil engineering, 20(4), pp. 1582-1593 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-1560-0
[25] Vaghefi, M., Ahmadi, A. and Faraji, B. “The effect of support structure on flow patterns around T-shape spur dike in 90 bend channel”, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 40(5), pp. 1299-1307 (2015). https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s13369-015-1604-2
[26] Mehraein, M., Ghodsian, M., Mashizi, M.K., et al. “Experimental study on flow pattern and scour hole dimensions around a T-shaped spur dike in a channel bend under emerged and submerged conditions”, International Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(7), pp.1019-1034 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-017-0175-x
[27] Abdi Chooplou, C., Vaghefi, M. and Meraji, S.H. “Study of Streamlines under the Influence of Displacement of Submerged Vanes in Channel Width, and at the Upstream Area of a Cylindrical Bridge Pier in a 180 Degree Sharp Bend”, Journal of Hydraulic Structures, 4(1), pp. 55-74 (2018). https://doi.org/ 10.22055/JHS.2018.25552.1071
[28] Asadollahi, M., Vaghefi, M. and Tabibnejad Motlagh, M.J. “Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Flow and scour Patterns around a Single and Triple Bridge Piers Located at a sharp 180 degrees Bend”, Scientia Iranica, (2019). https://doi.org/10.24200/SCI.2019.5637.1391
[29] Moghanloo, M., Vaghefi, M. and Ghodsian, M. “Experimental investigation on the Effect of Increasing the Collar Thickness on the Flow Pattern around the Oblong Pier in 180° Sharp Bend with Balanced Bed”, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 13(1), pp. 245-260 (2019). https://doi.org/10.29252/jafm.13.01.30164
[30] Asadollahi, M., Vaghefi, M. and Akbari, M. “Effect of the position of perpendicular pier groups in a sharp bend on flow and scour patterns: numerical simulation”, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 42(8), pp.1-15 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02503-2
[31] Sedighi, F., Vaghefi, M. and Ahmadi, G. “The Effect of Inclined Pair Piers on Bed Topography: Clear Water, Incipient Motion and Live Bed”, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, pp.1-20 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-020-00481-y
[32] Vaghefi, M. and Akbari, M. “A procedure for setting up a 180-degree sharp bend flume including construction and examinations with hydraulic structures”, Scientia Iranica. Transaction A, Civil Engineering, 26(6), pp.3165-3180 (2019). https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2018.5033.1054
[33] Chiew, Y.M. and Melville, B.W. “Local scour around bridge piers”, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 25(1), pp. 15-26 (1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221688709499285
[34] Shukry, A. “Flow around bends in an open flume”, Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers ASCE, 115, pp. 751-779 (1950).
[35] White, F.M. “Fluid mechanics”, Mcgraw-Hill series in mechanical engineering, 7th edition (2011).
[36] Das, S., Das, R. and Mazumdar, A. “Comparison of characteristics of horseshoe vortex at circular and square piers”, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 5(17), pp. 4373-4387 (2013).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 28, Issue 5
Transactions on Civil Engineering (A)
September and October 2021
Pages 2479-2492

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 27 January 2020
  • Revise Date: 02 January 2021
  • Accept Date: 23 February 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics