Experimental and numerical comparison of flow and scour patterns around a single and triple bridge piers located at a 180-degree sharp bend

Document Type : Article

Authors

Department of Civil Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 7516913817, Iran

Abstract

Placement of bridge piers along rivers creates a complex 3D flow pattern which disrupts normal river flow and the resulted turbulence erodes alluvial sediments around the pier. In this research, SSIIM model has been used to simulate flow and scour patterns when no pier, one pier, and triple piers are placed at a 180 degrees bend and the results are compared with those of experiments. The piers are vertical. The simulated channel was 1 m wide with a U-turn having the relative curvature radius of 2 carrying a volumetric flow of 70 l/s the flow depth at the beginning of the bend is 18 cm. Results showed that SSIIM is well capable of simulating bed form changes and flow patterns such that at the bend with triple piers error in maximum scour and sedimentation was only 4%, in maximum transverse velocity 12%, in maximum longitudinal velocity 13%, and in maximum vertical velocity 19%. In general, SSIIM model satisfactorily simulates the location and value of local scour arising from single and series piers in numerical simulation of the flow and scour. In flow pattern simulation, the errors and differences are greater under moving bed conditions than a rigid bed.

Keywords

Main Subjects


References
1. Breusers, H.N.C. and Raudkivi, A.J. Scouring", Hydraulic
Structures Design Manual, 2, Balkema, Rotterdam
(1991).
2. Nazariha, M., Design Relationships for Maximum Local
Scour Depth for Bridge Pier Groups, University of
Ottawa Canada (1996).
3. Blanckaert, K. and Graf, W.H. Outer-bank cell of
secondary circulation and boundary shear stress in
open-channel bends", In Proc. 1st RCEM Symp., pp.
533{543, September (1999).
4. Wildhagen, J. Applied computational
uid dynamics
with sediment transport in a sharply curved meandering
channel", Institute for Hydromechanics, University
of Karlsruhe (TH), Germany (2004).
5. Graf, W.H. and Istiarto, I. Flow pattern in the
scour hole around a cylinder", Journal of Hydraulic
Research, 40(1), pp. 13{20 (2010).
6. Masjedi, A., Bejestan, M.S., and Kazemi, H. E ect
of bridge pier position in a 180 degree
ume bend on
scour hole depth", Journal of Applied Sciences, 10(8),
pp. 670{675 (2010).
7. Ghobadian, R. and Mohammadi, K. Simulation of
subcritical
ow pattern in 180 uniform and convergent
open-channel bends using SSIIM 3-D model", Water
Science and Engineering, 4(3), pp. 270{283 (2011).
8. Sabita, M.S. and Maiti, P.R. Local scouring around a
circular pier in open channel", International Journal of
Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2(5),
pp. 454{458 (2012).
9. Ismail, Z., Jumain, M., Sidek, F., Wahab, A.K.,
Ibrahim, Z., and Jamal, M. Scour investigation
around single and two piers side by side arrangement",
International Journal of Research in Engineering and
Technology, 2(10), pp. 459{465 (2013).
10. Abdallah Mohamed, Y., Hemdan Nasr-Allah, T., Mohamed
Abdel-Aal, G., and Shawky Awad, A. Investigating
the e ect of curved shape of bridge abutment
provided with collar on local scour, experimentally and
numerically", Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 6(2),
pp. 403{411 (2014).
11. Akib, S., Basser, H., Karami, H., and Jahangirzadeh,
A. Retro tting of bridge piers against the scour
damages: Case study of the marand-soo an route
bridge", World Academy of Science, Engineering and
Technology, International Journal of Civil, Architectural
Science and Engineering, 8, pp. 56{60 (2014).
12. Najafzadeh, M. and Barani, G.A. Experimental study
of local scour around a vertical pier in cohesive soils",
Scientia Iranica, Transactions A, Civil Engineering,
21(2), p. 241 (2014).
13. Ehteram, M. and Mahdavi Meymand, A. Numerical
modeling of scour depth at side piers of the bridge",
Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics,
280, pp. 68{79 (2015).
14. Ismael, A., Gunal, M., and Hussein, H. E ect of
bridge pier position on scour reduction according
to
ow direction", Arabian Journal for Science and
Engineering, 40(6), pp. 1579{1590 (2015).
15. Tabarestani, M.K., Zarrati, A.R., Mashahir, M.B., and
Mokallaf, E. Extent of riprap layer with di erent
stone sizes around rectangular bridge piers with or
without an attached collar", Scientia Iranica, Transactions
A, Civil Engineering, 22(3), p. 709 (2015).
16. Azizi, S., Farsadizadeh, D., Arvanaghi, H., and Abbaspour,
A. Numerical simulation of
ow pattern
around the bridge pier with submerged vanes", Journal
of Hydraulic Structures, 2(2), pp. 46{61 (2016).
17. Fael, C., Lanca, R., and Cardoso, A. E ect of
pier shape and pier alignment on the equilibrium
scour depth at single piers", International Journal of
Sediment Research, 31(3), pp. 244{250 (2016).
18. Vaghe , M., Ghodsian, M., and Salimi, S. Scour formation
due to laterally inclined circular pier", Arabian
Journal for Science and Engineering, 41(4), pp. 1311{
1318 (2016).
19. Vaghe , M., Ghodsian, M., and Salimi, S. The e ect
of circular bridge piers with di erent inclination angles
toward downstream on scour", Indian Academy of
Sciences, 41(1), pp. 75{86 (2016).
20. Wang, H., Tang, H., Xiao, J., Wang, Y., and Jiang,
S. Clear-water local scouring around three piers in
a tandem arrangement", Science China Technological
Sciences, 59(6), pp. 888{896 (2016).
21. Akbari, M. and Vaghe , M. Experimental investigation
on streamlines in a 180 sharp bend", Acta
Scientiarum. Technology, 39(4), pp. 425{432 (2017).
22. Hamidi, A. and Siadatmousavi, S.M. Numerical simulation
of scour and
ow eld for di erent arrangements
of two piers using SSIIM model", Ain Shams Engineering
Journal, 9(4), pp. 2415{2426 (2018).
23. Karimi, N., Heidarnejad, M., and Masjedi, A. Scour
depth at inclined bridge piers along a straight path: a
laboratory study", Engineering Science and Technology,
an International Journal, 20(4), pp. 1302{1307
(2017).
14 M. Asadollahi et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 28 (2021) 1{14
24. Khaple, S., Hanmaiahgari, P.R., Gaudio, R., and Dey,
S. Interference of an upstream pier on local scour at
downstream piers", Acta Geophysica, 65(1), pp. 29{46
(2017).
25. Vaghe , M., Tabibnazhad Motlagh, M.J., Hashemi,
S.SH., and Moradi, S. Experimental study of bed
topography variations due to placement of a triad
series of vertical piers at di erent positions in a 180
bend", Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(5), p. 102
(2018).
26. Olsen, N.R.B., Jimenes, O.F., Abrahamsen, L., and
Lovoll, A. 3D CFD modeling of water and sediment

ow in a hydropower reservoir", International Journal
of Sediment Research, 14(1), pp. 16{24 (1999).
27. Olsen, N.R.B. A three dimensional numerical model
for simulation of sediment movements in water intakes
with multiblock option", Online User's Manual, 166,
pp. 25{34 (2007).
28. Khajeh, S.B.M., Vaghe , M., and Mahmoudi, A. The
scour pattern around an inclined cylindrical pier in
a sharp 180-degree bend: an experimental study",
International Journal of River Basin Management,
15(2), pp. 207{218 (2017).
29. Vaghe , M., Akbari, M., and Fiouz, A.R. An experimental
study of mean and turbulent
ow in a 180
degree sharp open channel bend: Secondary
ow and
bed shear stress", KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering,
20(4), pp. 1582{1593 (2016).
30. Vaghe , M. and Akbari, M. A procedure for setting
up a 180-degree sharp bend
ume including construction
and examinations with hydraulic structures",
Scientia Iranica, Transactions A, Civil Engineering,
26(6), pp. 3165{3180 (2019).
31. Tabibnejad Motlagh, M.J. Experimental studies to
determine
ow and scour pattern around vertical series
in a sharp 180-degree bend", M.S. Thesis, Persian Gulf
university of Bushehr (2016) (In Persian)
Volume 28, Issue 1
Transactions on Civil Engineering (A)
January and February 2021
Pages 1-14
  • Receive Date: 24 November 2017
  • Revise Date: 12 November 2018
  • Accept Date: 19 January 2019