Domain reduction method for seismic analysis of dam-foundation-fault system

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9313, Iran

2 International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), Tehran, P.O. Box 19395/3913, Iran

Abstract

Numerical simulation of dam-foundation-fault system, considering the earthquake source, propagation path, and local site e ects, was carried out for realistic and reasonable seismic safety analysis of concrete dams. The Domain Reduction Method (DRM) was used for seismic analysis of Dam-Foundation-Fault (DFF) system, in which a modular two-step methodology for reducing the computational costs in large domain analysis was introduced. In this method, seismic excitation is directly applied to the computational domain such that assigning arti cial boundary to the nite element models is more comfortable. In order to verify the  implementation of the DRM in Finite Element Method (FEM), a simple 2D half-space under the Ricker wavelet excitation was examined. Then, to investigate the DRM as an appropriate method in seismic analysis of DFF system, the Koyna concrete gravity dam was modeled. Comparing the obtained results by using
both the DRM in a small domain and the traditional approach in the large domain containing the source shows the eciency of the DRM in terms of computational costs, such as running time and number of elements for seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Refrences:
Westergaard, H.M. Water pressure on dams during earthquakes", Transactions, American Society of Civil Engineers, 1835, pp. 418-433 (1931).
2. Fenves, G. and Chopra, A.K. Earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dams including reservoir bottom absorption and dam-water-foundation rock interaction", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 12(5), pp. 663-680 (1984).
3. Fenves, G. and Chopra, A.K. Simpli_ed earthquake analysis of concrete gravity dams", Journal of Structural Engineering, 113(8), pp. 1688-1708 (1987).
4. Ghaemian, M. and Ghobarah, A. Staggered solution schemes for dam-reservoir interaction", Journal of Fluids and Structures, 12(7), pp. 933-948 (1998).
5. Ghaemian, M. and Ghobarah, A. Nonlinear seismic response of concrete gravity dams with dam-reservoir interaction", Engineering Structures, 21(4), pp. 306- 315 (1999).
6. Aghajanzadeh, M. and Ghaemian, M. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a concrete gravity dam considering an elastoplastic constitutive model for the foundation", Scientia Iranica, 20(6), pp. 1676-1684 (2013).
7. Mirzabozorg, H. and Ghaemian, M. Non linear behavior of mass concrete in three dimensional problems using a smeared crack approach", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 34(3), pp. 247-269 (2005).
8. Lysmer, J. and Kuhlemeyer, R. Finite element model for in_nite media", Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 95, pp. 859-877 (1969).
9. Givoli, D. High-order local non-reecting boundary conditions: a review", Wave Motion, 39, pp. 319-326 (2004).
10. Tsynkov, S.V. Numerical solution of problems on unbounded domains. A review", Applied Numerical Mathematics, 27(4), pp. 465-532 (1998).
11. Basu, U. and Chopra, A.K. Perfectly matched layers for time-harmonic elastodynamics of unbounded domains: theory and _nite-element implementation", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 192, pp. 1337-1375 (2003).
12. Basu, U. and Chopra, A.K. Perfectly matched layers for transient elastodynamics of unbounded domains", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 59, pp. 1039-1074 (2004).
13. Bettess, P. In_nite elements", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 11, pp. 53-64 (1977).
14. L_eger, P. and Boughoufalah, M. Earthquake input mechanisms for time-domain analysis of damfoundation systems", Engineering Structures, 11, pp. 37-46 (1989).
15. Clough, R.W. Non-linear mechanisms in the seismic response of arch dams", Proceedings of the International Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Skopje, Yugoslavia (1980).
16. Tan, H. and Chopra, A.K. Earthquake analysis of arch dams including dam-water foundation rock interaction", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 24, pp. 1453-1474 (1995). H. Mohammadnezhad et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 145{156 155
17. Chopra, A.K. Earthquake analysis of arch dams: factors to be considered", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China (2008).
18. Kianoush, M.R. and Ghaemmaghami, A.R. The effect of earthquake frequency content on the seismic behavior of concrete rectangular liquid tanks using the _nite element method incorporating soil-structure interaction", Engineering Structures, 33(7), pp. 2186- 2200 (2011).
19. Cakir, T. Evaluation of the effect of earthquake frequency content on seismic behavior of cantilever retaining wall including soil-structure interaction", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 45, pp. 96-111 (2013).
20. Raghunandan, M. and Abbie, B.L. E_ect of ground motion duration on earthquake-induced structural collapse", Structural Safety, 41, pp. 119-133 (2013).
21. Wang, G., Zhang, S., and Zhou, C. Correlation between strong motion durations and damage measures of concrete gravity dams", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 69, pp. 148-162 (2015).
22. Li, Y., Conte, J.P., and Barbato, M. Inuence of time-varying frequency content in earthquake ground motions on seismic response of linear elastic systems", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 45(8), pp. 1271-1291 (2016). 23. Zafarani, H., Noorzad, A., Ansari, A., and Bargi, K. Stochastic modeling of Iranian earthquakes and estimation of ground motion for future earthquakes in Greater Tehran", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29(4), pp. 722-741 (2009). 24. Zafarani, H. and Soghrat, M. Simulation of ground motion in the Zagros region of Iran using the speci_c barrier model and the stochastic method", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 102(5), pp. 2031- 2045 (2012).
25. Soghrat, M.R., Khaji, N., and Zafarani, H. Simulation of strong ground motion in northern Iran using the speci_c barrier model", Geophysical Journal International, 188(2), pp. 645-679 (2012).
26. Mossessian, T.K. and Dravinski, M. Application of a hybrid method for scattering of P, SV, and Rayleigh waves by near-surface irregularities", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 77(5), pp. 1784-1803 (1987).
27. Bielak, J., MacCamy, R., McGhee, D., and Barry, A. Uni_ed symmetric BEM-FEM for site e_ects on ground motion-SH waves", Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 117(10), pp. 2265-2285 (1991).
28. Fah, D., Suhadolc, P., Mueller, St., and Panza, G.F. A hybrid method for the estimation of ground motion in sedimentary basins: Quantitative modeling for Mexico City", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84(2), pp. 383-399 (1994).
29. Zahradn_0k, J. and Moczo, P. Hybrid seismic modeling based on discrete-wavenumber and _nite-di_erence methods", Pure and Applied Geophysics, 148(1), pp. 21-38 (1996).
30. Moczo, P., Bystricky0, E., Kristek, J., Carcione, J.M., and Bouchon, M. Hybrid modeling of P-SV seismic motion at inhomogeneous viscoelastic topographic structures", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87(5), pp. 1305-1323 (1997).
31. Graves, R.W. Simulating seismic wave propagation in 3D elastic media using staggered-grid _nitedi _erences", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86(4), pp. 1091-1106 (1996).
32. Faccioli, E., Maggio, F., Paolucci, R., and Quarteroni, A. 2D and 3D elastic wave propagation by a pseudospectral domain decomposition method", Journal of Seismology, 1(3), pp. 237-251 (1997).
33. Bao, H., Bielak, J., Ghattas, O., Kallivokas, L.F., O'Hallaron, D.R., Shewchuk, J.R., and Xu, J. Large-scale simulation of elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous media on parallel computers", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 152(1-2), pp. 85-102 (1998).
34. Bielak, J., Loukakis, K., Hisada, Y., and Yoshimura, C. Domain Reduction Method for three-dimensional earthquake modeling in localized regions, Part I: Theory", Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 93(2), pp. 817-824 (2003).
35. Yoshimura, C., Bielak, J., Hisada, Y., and Fernandez, A. Domain Reduction Method for three-dimensional earthquake modeling in localized regions, Part II: Veri _cation and applications", Bulletin of Seismological Society of America, 93(2), pp. 825-840 (2003).
36. Kontoe, S., Zdravkovic, L., Potts, D.M., and Menkiti, C.O. Case study on seismic tunnel response", Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45(12), pp. 1743-1764 (2008).
37. Kuhlemeyer, R.L. and Lysmer, J. Finite element method accuracy for wave propagation problems", Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division (ASCE), 99(5), pp. 421-427 (1973) (Technical Note).
38. Ryan, H. Ricker, Ormsby, Klander, Butterworth - a choice of wavelets", Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists Recorder, 19(7), pp. 8-9 (1994).
39. Mavroeidis, G.P. and Papageorgiou, A.S. A mathematical representation of near fault ground motions", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 93(3), pp. 1099-1131 (2003).
40. Chopra, A.K. and Chakrabarti, P. The earthquake experience at Koyna dam and stresses in concrete gravity dams", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1(2), pp. 151-164 (1972).
41. Rajendran, K. and Harish, C.M. Mechanism of triggered seismicity at Koyna: An evaluation based on relocated earthquakes", Current Science, 79(3), pp. 358-363 (2000).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 26, Issue 1
Transactions on Civil Engineering (A)
January and February 2019
Pages 145-156

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 13 June 2016
  • Revise Date: 19 February 2017
  • Accept Date: 03 July 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics