Investigating the effect of long trip on driving performance, eye blinks, and awareness of sleepiness among commercial drivers: A naturalistic driving test study

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 School of Highway, Changan University, Xian 710064, Shaanxi, China

2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu, China

Abstract

A total of 120 commercial drivers from four age groups participated in the expressway driving test in Shandong, China to perform 2, 3, and 4 h continuous driving tasks and collect the data on the driver's blinking, driving performance and self-reported level of sleepiness. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the effects of driving duration on the variation of the eye-blink behavior, driving performance and subjective feeling of sleepiness across the different age groups over the time periods tested. Additionally, Pearson product-moment correlation was used to quantify the association between the variations of the dependent variables. The results showed that there was significant difference between groups, significant effect over time and significant interaction between the age and driving duration in the variations of the driver’s blink frequency, blink duration, closure duration, speed perception, choice reaction time, number of incorrect action judgments and subjective level of sleepiness. However, a significant difference varied over time, but no effect of the interaction between groups and time were found in the variation of the driver’s attention allocation value. Furthermore, driver’s eye blink measures were more sensitive to sleepiness and older drivers were more likely to get sleepy in long distance driving.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References:
1. Bener, A., Yildirim, E., Ozkan, T., and Lajunen, T. "Driver sleepiness, fatigue, careless behavior and risk of motor vehicle crash and injury: population based case and control study", Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 4(5), pp. 496-502 (2017).
2. Anund, A., Ihlstrom, J., Fors, C., Kecklund, G., and Filtness, A. "Factors associated with self-reported driver sleepiness and incidents in city bus drivers", Industrial Health, 54(4), pp. 337-346 (2016).
3. Zhang, T. and Chan, A.H.S. "Sleepiness and the risk of road accidents for professional drivers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies", Safety Science, 70, pp. 180-188 (2014).
4. Al-Houqani, M., Eid, H.O., and Abu-Zidan, F.M. "Sleep-related collisions in United Arab Emirates", Accident Analysis & Prevention, 50, pp. 1052-1055 (2013).
5. Goncalves, M., Amici, R., Lucas, R., Akerstedt, T., Cirignotta, F., Horne, J., Leger, D., McNicholas, W.T., Partinen, M., Teran-Santos, J., Peigneux, P., and Grote, L. "Sleepiness at the wheel across Europe: a survey of 19 countries", Journal of Sleep Research, 24(3), pp. 242-253 (2015).
6. Traffic management bureau of the public security ministry, PRC. "Road traffic accident statistics annual report of the people's republic of china (2014)", Wuxi: Traffic Management Science Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security (in Chinese) (2015).
7. Van den Berg, J. and Landstrom, U. "Symptoms of sleepiness while driving and their relationship to prior sleep, work and individual characteristics", Transportation Research, Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(3), pp. 207-226 (2006).
8. Li, B., Wang, M., Wang, L., and Li, H.H. "Experimental research on the impact of driving time on commercial driver's driving ability", Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development (English Edition), 2(2), pp. 113-117 (2007).
9. Otmani, S., Pebayle, T., Roge, J., and Muzet, A. "Effect of driving duration and partial sleep deprivation on subsequent alertness and performance of car drivers", Physiology & Behavior, 84(5), pp. 715-724 (2005).
10. Schmidt, E.A., Schrauf, M., Simon, M., Fritzsche, M., Buchner, A., and Kincses, W.E. "Drivers' misjudgment of vigilance state during prolonged monotonous daytime driving", Accident Analysis & Prevention, 41(5), pp. 1087-1093 (2009).
11. MacLean, A.W., Davies, D.R.T., and Thiele, K. "The hazards and prevention of driving while sleepy", Sleep Medicine Reviews, 7(6), pp. 507-521 (2003).
12. Wang, L. and Pei, Y. "The impact of continuous driving time and rest time on commercial drivers' driving performance and recovery", Journal of Safety Research, 50, pp. 11-15 (2014).
13. Anund, A., Fors, C., and Ahlstrom, C. "The severity of driver fatigue in terms of line crossing: a pilot study comparing day- and night time driving in simulator", European Transport Research Review, 9(2), 31 (7 pages) (2017).
14. Jin, L., Niu, Q., Jiang, Y., Xian, H., Qin, Y., and Xu, M. "Driver sleepiness detection system based on eye movements variables", Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 5, 648431 (7 pages) (2013).
15. Churiwala, K., Lopes, R., Shah, A., and Shah, N. "Drowsiness detection based on eye movement, yawn detection and head rotation", International Journal of Applied Information Systems, 2(6), pp. 45-49 (2012).
16. Lee, B.G., Jung, S.J., and Chung, W.Y. "Real-time physiological and vision monitoring of vehicle driver for non-intrusive drowsiness detection", IET Communications, 5(17), pp. 2461-2469 (2011).
17. Sahayadhas, A., Sundaraj, K., and Murugappan, M. "Detecting driver drowsiness based on sensors: a review", Sensors, 12(12), pp. 16937-16953 (2012).
18. Lee, B.G., Lee, B.L., and Chung, W.Y. "Mobile healthcare for automatic driving sleep-onset detection using wavelet-based EEG and respiration signals", Sensors, 14(10), pp. 17915-17936 (2014).
19. Liu, C.C., Hosking, S.G., and Lenn, M.G. "Predicting driver drowsiness using vehicle measures: recent insights and future challenges", Journal of Safety Research, 40(4), pp. 239-245 (2009).
20. Bergasa, L.M., Nuevo, J., Sotelo, M.A., Barea, R., and Lopez, M.E. "Real-time system for monitoring driver vigilance", IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 7(1), pp. 63-77 (2006).
21. Michaels, J., Chaumillon, R., Nguyen-Tri, D., Watanabe, D., Hirsch, P., Bellavance, F., Giraudet, G., Bernardin, D., and Faubert, J. "Driving simulator scenarios and measures to faithfully evaluate risky driving behavior: a comparative study of different driver age groups", PLoS ONE, 12(10), e0185909 (24 pages) (2017).
22. Wang, Y., Xin, M., Bai, H., and Zhao, Y. "Can variations in visual behavior measures be good predictors of driver sleepiness? a real driving test study", Traffic Injury Prevention, 18(2), pp. 132-138 (2017).
23. Hoddes, E., Zarcone, V., Smythe, H., Phillips, R., and Dement, W.C. "Quanti cation of sleepiness: a new approach", Psychophysiology, 10(4), pp. 431-436 (1973).
24. Thiffault, P. and Bergeron, J. "Monotony of road environment and driver fatigue: a simulator study", Accident Analysis & Prevention, 35(3), pp. 381-391 (2003).
25. Wang, Y., Wang, L., Wang, C., and Zhao, Y. "How eye movement and driving performance vary before, during, and after entering a long expressway tunnel: considering the differences of novice and experienced drivers under daytime and nighttime conditions", SpringerPlus, 5, 538 (10 pages) (2016).
26. Kureckova, V., Gabrhel, V., Zamecnik, P., Rezac, P., Zaoral, A., and Hobl, J. "First aid as an important traffic safety factor-evaluation of the experience-based training", European Transport Research Review, 9(1), 5 (8 pages) (2017).
27. Hjalmdahl, M., Krupenia, S., and Thorslund, B. "Driver behaviour and driver experience of partial and fully automated truck platooning-a simulator study", European Transport Research Review, 9(1), 8 (11 pages) (2017).
28. Hashemi Nazari, S.S., Moradi, A., and Rahmani, K. "A systematic review of the effect of various interventions on reducing fatigue and sleepiness while driving", Chinese Journal of Traumatology, 20(5), pp. 249-258 (2017).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 26, Special Issue on: Socio-Cognitive Engineering
January and February 2019
Pages 95-102

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics