Evaluation of vehicle braking parameters by multiple regression method

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Department of Automotive, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Goztepe Campus, Istanbul, Turkey

2 Department of Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technologies, TBMYO, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey

Abstract

In this study, two pairs of OEM brake disc-pads have been used. One of these discs belongs to a passenger car, and the other one belongs to a light commercial vehicle. The disc-pad pair of the passenger car (PC) has been subjected to global brake effectiveness test by full scale inertia dynamometer according to SAE J2522 test standard; and the other one has been subjected to the tests by full-scale inertia dynamometer according to FIAT 7-H4020 and 7-H2000 standards. During these tests, 13 variables for passenger car disc-pad pair and 11 variables for light commercial vehicle disc-pad pair have been measured and recorded. Interrelation of the parameters has been analyzed with multiple regression method and importance levels have been determined. In this study, dependent variables in multiple regression method are selected as braking time, friction coefficient, disc final temperature, brake speed and brake pressure for each braking pair. In multiple regression analysis for PC, for each unit increase in deceleration and friction coefficient, braking time decreases with 7.3 and 60.9 units, respectively. Also, for each unit increase in brake pressure and friction coefficient for LCV, braking time increases with 1.267 and 91.887 units, respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References:
1. Dhir, D.K. "Thermo-mechanical performance of automotive disc brakes", Materials Today: Proceedings, 5(1-1), pp. 1864-1871 (2018).
2. Goktan, A., Guney, A., and Ereke, M. "Vehicle brakes", Alliedsignal Automotive, Panel Publishing, p. 48, Istanbul, Turkey (1995).
3. Demir, A. "An experimental investigation on the braking performance of coated brake discs/rotors", Doctoral Thesis, Kocaeli University, Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Machine Training, Kocaeli, Turkey (2009).
4. Childs, P.R.N. "Clutches and brakes", Mechanical Design Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, pp. 599-655 (2019).
5. Limpert, R., Brake Design and Safety, Society of Automotive Engineers, Third Edition, Warrendale (2001).
6. Bijwe, J., Dureja, N., Majumdarb, N., and Satapathy, B.K. "Influence of modified phenolic resins on the fade and recovery behavior of friction materials", Wear, 259(7), pp. 1068-1078 (2005).
7. Lee, K. "Numerical prediction of brake fluid temperature rise during braking and heat soaking", SAE Technical Paper Series, 1999-01-0483 (1999).
8. Chang, Y.H., Joo, B.S., Lee, S.M., and Jang, H. "Size effect of tire rubber particles on tribological properties of brake friction materials", Wear, 394-395, pp. 80-86 (2018).
9. Owen, C., Automotive Brake Systems, Classroom Manual, Today's Technician, Delmar Cengage Learning (2010).
10. Hiller, M.B. "Correlation between parameters of the tribosystem and automotive disc brake squeal", PhD Thesis, University of Paderborn, pp. 1-203 (2006).
11. Dmitriev, A.I., Yu Smolin, A., Psakhie, S.G., et al. "Computer modelling of local tribological contact by the example of the automotive brake friction pair", Physical Mesomechanics, 11(1-2), pp. 73-84 (2008).
12. Wu, D., Li, J., Shu, X., et al. "Test analysis and theoretical calculation on braking distance of automobile with ABS", Part IV, International Federation for Information Processing - IFIP AICT 347, D. Li, Y. Liu, and Y. Chen (Eds.): CCTA 2010, pp. 521-527 (2011).
13. BEEP, "How to read and understand the aftermarket standard SAE J2430/brake effectiveness evaluation procedure test report", Link Testing Laboratories B.E.E.P. Task force (2002).
14. Noon, R.K., Engineering Analysis of Vehicular Accidents, ISBN 9780849381041, pp. 1-205, CRC Press, Florida, USA (1994).
15. Nagurnas, S., Mitunevicius, V., Unarski, J., et al. "Evaluation of veracity of car braking parameters used for the analysis of road accidents", Transport, 22(4), pp. 307-311 (2007).
16. Syahrullail, S., Izhan M.I., and Mohammed Rafiq, A.K. "Tribological investigation of RBD palm olein in different sliding speeds using pin-on-disk tribotester", Scientia Iranica, Transactions B: Mechanical Engineering, 21(1), pp. 162-170 (2014).
17. Rhee, S.K. "Friction properties of a phenolic resin filled with iron and graphite - sensitivity to load, speed and temperature", Wear, 28(2), pp. 277-281 (1974).
18. Filip, P., Weiss, Z., and Rafaja, D. "On friction layer formation in polymer matrix composite materials for brake applications", Wear, 252(3), pp. 189-198 (2002).
19. Cho, M.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, D., et al. "Effects of ingredients on tribological characteristics of a brake lining: An experimental case study", Wear, 258(11- 12), pp. 1682-1687 (2005).
20. Hong, U.S., Jung, S.L., Cho, K.H., et al. "Wear mechanism of multiphase friction materials with different phenolic resin matrices", Wear, 266(7-8), pp. 739-744 (2009).
21. Heussaff, A., Dubar, L., Tison, T., et al. "A methodology for the modelling of the variability of brake lining surfaces", Wear, 289, pp. 145-159 (2012).
22. El-Tayeb, N.S.M. and Liew, K.W. "On the dry and wet sliding performance of potentially new frictional brake pad materials for automotive industry", Wear, 266(1-2), pp. 275-287 (2009).
23. Saffar, A., Shojaei, A., and Arjmand, M. "Theoretical and experimental analysis of the thermal, fade and wear characteristics of rubber-based composite friction materials", Wear, 269(1-2), pp. 145-151 (2010).
24. Liew, K.W. and Nirmal, U. "Frictional performance evaluation of newly designed brake pad materials", Materials & Design, 48, pp. 25-33 (2013).
25. Rashid, A. "Overview of disc brakes and related phenomena a review", International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration, 10(4), pp. 257-301 (2014).
26. Ricciardi, V., Augsburg, K., Gramstat, S., et al. "Survey on modelling and techniques for friction estimation in automotive brakes", Appl. Sci., 7(873), Review, pp. 1-23 (2017).
27. Behrendt, J., Weiss, C., and Hoffmann, N. "A numerical study on stick-slip motion of a brake pad in steady sliding", J. Sound Vib., 330, pp. 636-651 (2011).
28. Grkic, A., Muzdeka, S., Arsenic, Z., et al. "Model for estimation of the friction coefficient in automotive brakes under extremely high temperatures", Int. J. Eng. Tech. Res., 2, pp. 290-294 (2014).
29. Lee, N. and Kang, C. "The effect of a variable disc pad friction coefficient for the mechanical brake system of a railway vehicle", PLoS ONE, 10(8), e0135459 (2015).
30. Carlos, E.A. and Ferro, E. "Technical overview of brake performance testing for original equipment and aftermarket industries in the US and European markets", Link Technical Report FEV 2005-01, pp. 15-16 (2005).
31. Demir, A., Samur, R., and Kilicaslan, I. "Investigation of the coatings applied onto brake discs on disc-brake pad pair", Metalurgija, 48(3), pp. 161-166 (2009).
32. Oz, A. "Experimental research on reuse of worn brake discs by coating with powders", PhD Thesis, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey (2012).
33. Newbold, P., Carlson, W.L., and Thorne, BM., Statistics for Business and Economics, 8th Ed., ISBN 13: 978-0-13-274565-9, Pearson Education, Prentice Hall (2013).
34. Ataee, O., Moghaddas, N.H., Lashkaripour, G.R., et al. "Predicting shear wave velocity of soil using multiple linear regression analysis and artificial neural networks", Scientia Iranica, 25(4), pp. 1943-1955 (2018).
35. Xiao, X., Yin, Y., Bao, J., et al. "Review on the friction and wear of brake materials", Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 8(5), pp. 1-10 (2016).
36. Verma, P.C. "Automotive brake materials: Characterization of wear products and relevant mechanisms at high temperature", Department of Industrial Engineering, PhD Thesis, University of Trento, Italy, pp. 1-134 (2016).
37. Luo, Y. and Yang, Z. "Effect of different-condition parameters on frictional properties of non-asbestos phenolic resin-based friction material", Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 9(5), Research Article, pp. 1- 14 (2017).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 26, Issue 6 - Serial Number 6
Transactions on Mechanical Engineering (B)
November and December 2019
Pages 3334-3355

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics