Uncertainty management in time estimation of construction projects: A systematic literature review and new model development

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

Abstract

Nowadays, the very low reliability of the project planning in certainty-based approaches, caused to use more intelligent methods for uncertainty management in construction projects. This systematic study aims to survey the methods which have been used to manage the uncertainties in time estimation of construction projects. A series of steps were undertaken during the review. The study was started with determining the purpose of the study, selecting appropriate keywords, and reducing the selected papers using some criteria. A deeper analysis was carried out on the final paper that meets the criteria for this review. The study is limited solely to papers referred in six top online databases. It aims to review how the papers have been distributed by a period of publishing and by country and the domains that these methods have been applied for. The result confirms that uncertainties which affect any project are based probability and possibility theories controlled by Risk Management and Fuzzy Logic. Finally, a hybrid method for uncertainty management in project scheduling is proposed. The result of the implementation of this method in the construction project of Iranian Gas Company shows that proposed method increases the accuracy of time estimation about 8 to 24 percent.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References:
1. Jiang, S.L., Liu, M., Lin, J.H., and Zhong, H.X. "A prediction-based online soft scheduling algorithm for the real-world steelmaking-continuous casting production", Knowledge-Based Systems, 111, pp. 159-172 (2016).
2. Al-Dhaheri, N., Jebali, A., and Diabat, A. "A simulation-based genetic algorithm approach for the quay crane scheduling under uncertainty", Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory, 66, pp. 122-138 (2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2016.01.009.
3. Zhang, R., Ong., S.K., and Nee, A.Y. "A simulationbased genetic algorithm approaches for remanufacturing process planning and scheduling", Applied Soft Computing, 37, pp. 521-532 (2015).
4. Jozefczyk, J. and Thomas, W. "Robust algorithm for scheduling of manufacturing tasks with interval execution times", IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 40(3), pp. 75-80 (2007).
5. Kokkaew, N. and Chiara, N. "Modeling completion risk using stochastic critical path envelope method: a BOT highway project application", Construction Management and Economics, 28(12), pp. 1239-1254 (2010). DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2010.521755.
6. Li, C., Liu, F., Cao, H., and Wang, Q. "A stochastic dynamic programming based model for uncertain production planning of re-manufacturing system", International Journal of Production Research, 47(13), pp. 3657-3668 (2009). DOI:10.1080/00207540701837029.
7. Tran, D. and Molenaar, K. "Critical risk factors in project delivery method selection for highway projects", In Construction Research Congress 2012: Construction Challenges in a Flat World, pp. 331-340 (2012). DOI:10.1061/9780784412329.034.
8. Yagi, J. and Arai, E. "Matsumoto S. Action-based union of the temporal opposites and elastic activity network in scheduling", Automation in Construction, 15(5), pp. 604-615 (2006).
9. Taghaddos, H., Hermann, U., AbouRizk, S., and Mohamed, Y. "Simulation-based multiage approach for scheduling modular construction", Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 28(2), pp. 263-274 (2012). DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000262.
10.  Ozdamar, L. and Alanya, E. "Uncertainty modeling in software development projects (with case study)", Annals of Operations Research, 102(1), pp. 157-178 (2001).
11. Li, H., Tu, H., and Hensher, D.A. "Integrating the mean-variance and scheduling approaches to allow for schedule delay and trip time variability under uncertainty", Transportation Research, Part A: Policy and Practice, 89, pp. 151-163 (2016).
DOI:10.1016/j.tra.2016.05.014.
12. Ok, S.Y., Lee, S.Y., and Park, W. "Robust multiobjective maintenance planning of deteriorating bridges against uncertainty in performance model", Advances in Engineering Software, 65, pp. 32-42 (2013). DOI: 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.05.009.
13. Arshadi Khamseh, A. and Mahmoodi, M. "A new fuzzy TOPSIS-TODIM hybrid method for green supplier selection using fuzzy time function", Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 2014, pp. 1-13 (2014). DOI:10.1155/2014/841405.
14. Egrioglu, E. "A new time-invariant fuzzy time series forecasting method based on genetic algorithm", Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 2012, Article ID 785709 (2012). 
15. Ock, J.H. and Han, S.H. "Measuring risk-associated activity's duration: A fuzzy set theory application", KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 14(5), pp. 663-671 (2010).
16. Zhang, J., Qin, W., Wu, L.H., and Zhai, W.B. "Fuzzy neural network-based rescheduling decision mechanism for semiconductor manufacturing", Computers in Industry, 65(8), pp. 1115-1125 (2014). DOI:10.1016/j.compind.2014.06.002.
17. Zha, H. and Zhang, L. "Fuzzy  flexible resource constrained project scheduling based on genetic algorithm", Transactions of Tianjin University, 20(6), pp. 469-674 (2014).
18. Leu, S.S., Chen, A.T., and Yang, C.H. "A GAbased fuzzy optimal model for construction time-cost trade-off", International Journal of Project Management, 19(1), pp. 47-58 (2001). DOI: 10.1016/S0263- 7863(99)00035-6.
19. Muhuri, P.K. and Shukla, A.K. "Semi-elliptic membership function: Representation, generation, operations, defuzzification, ranking and its application to the real-time task scheduling problem", Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 1, pp. 71-82 (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.engappai.2016.12.020.
20. Dubois, D., Fargier, H., and Fortemps, P. "Fuzzy scheduling: Modelling  flexible constraints vs. coping with incomplete knowledge", European Journal of Operational Research, 147(2), pp. 231-52 (2003). DOI: 10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00558-1.
21. Geyik, F. and Elibal, K. "A linguistic approach to non-identical parallel processor scheduling with fuzzy processing times", Applied Soft Computing, 55, pp. 63-71 (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2016.12.029.
22. Jayagowri, P. and Ramani, G.G. "Using trapezoidal intuitionist fuzzy number to find optimized path in a network", Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 2014, pp. 1-6, Article ID 183607 (2014). DOI: 10.1155/2014/183607.
23. Benitez-Perez, H., Benitez-Perez, A., Ortega-Arjona, J., and Esquivel-Flores, O. "Fuzzy networked control systems design considering scheduling restrictions", Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 2012, pp. 54-59 (2012).
24. Egrioglu, E. "A new time-invariant fuzzy time series forecasting method based on genetic algorithm", Advances in Fuzzy Systems, 2012, Article ID 785709 (2012). DOI: 10.1155/2012/785709.
25. Afshar, A. and Fathi, H. "Fuzzy multi-objective optimization of finance-based scheduling for construction projects with uncertainties in cost", Engineering Optimization, 41(11), pp. 1063-80 (2009).
26. Lam, K.C., So, A.T., Hu, T., Ng, T., Yuen, R.K., Lo, S.M., Cheung, S.O., and Yang H. "An integration of the fuzzy reasoning technique and the fuzzy optimization method in construction project management decision-making", Construction Management and Economics, 19(1), pp. 63-76 (2001). 
27. Shanker, R. and Vrat, P. "Some design issues in cellular manufacturing using the fuzzy programming approach", International Journal of Production Research, 37(11), pp. 2545-63 (1999).
28. Ayyub, B.M. and Haldar, A. "Project scheduling using fuzzy set concepts", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 110(2), pp. 189-204 (1984). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9364(1984)110:2(189).
29. Leu, S.S., Chen, A.T., and Yang, C.H. "Fuzzy optimal model for resource-constrained construction scheduling", Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 13(3), pp. 207-16 (1999).
30. Bonnal, P., Gourc, D., and Lacoste, G. "Where do we stand with fuzzy project scheduling?", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 130(1), pp. 114-23 (2004).
31. Oliveros, A.V. and Fayek, A.R. "Fuzzy logic approach for activity delay analysis and schedule updating", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 131(1), pp. 42-51 (2005).
32. Maravas, A. and Pantouvakis, J.P. "Fuzzy repetitive scheduling method for projects with repeating activities", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(7), pp. 561-4 (2010). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000319.
33. Maravas, A. and Pantouvakis, J.P. "A process for the estimation of the duration of activities in fuzzy project scheduling", Vulnerability, Uncertainty, and Risk: Analysis, Modeling, and Management, 8 pp. 62-69 (2011). DOI: 10.1061/41170(400)8.
34. Xiong, G. and Wang, H. "Emergency scheduling model of multi-objective-to-resource under uncertain requirements", In ICLEM 2014: System Planning, Supply Chain Management, and Safety, pp. 440-446 (2014). DOI: 10.1061/9780784413753.067.
35. Guo, P.,Wang, X., Zhu, H., and Li, M. "Inexact fuzzy chance-constrained nonlinear programming approach for crop water allocation under precipitation variation and sustainable development", Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 140(9), pp. 58-72 (2014). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000385.
36. Smith, G.R. and Hancher, D.E. "Estimating precipitation impacts for scheduling", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 115(4), pp. 552-566 (1989). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9364(1989)115:4(552).
37. Chang, T.C., Ibbs, C.W., and Crandall, K.C. "Network resource allocation with support of a fuzzy expert system", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 116(2), pp. 239-260 (1990). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1990)116:2(239).
38. Kikuchi, S. and Donnelly, R.A. "Scheduling demandresponsive transportation vehicles using fuzzy-set theory", Journal of Transportation Engineering, 118(3), pp. 391-409 (1992).
39. Crump, E.L., Jacobs, T.L., and Vesilind, P.A. "Fuzzy-set approach for optimizing sludge application land selection", Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 119(2), pp. 53-71 (1993).
40. Kumar, V.S., Natarajan, P., and Hanna, A.S. "Application of fuzzy linear programming in building engineering", Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, 1, pp. 1347-1354 (2000).
41. Li, J., Moselhi, O., and Alkass, S. "Forecasting project status by using fuzzy logic", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 132(11), pp. 1193-202 (2006). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9364(2006)132:11(1193).
42. Castro-Lacouture, D., Suer, G.A., Gonzalez-Joaqui, J., and Yates, J.K. "Construction project scheduling with time, cost, and material restrictions using fuzzy mathematical models and critical path method", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(10), pp. 1096-1104 (2009).
43. Abido, M.A. and Elazouni, A.M. "Multiobjective evolutionary finance-based scheduling: Entire projects' portfolio", Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 25(1), pp. 85-97 (2010). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000070.
44. Al-Humaidi, H.M. and Tan, F.H. "New approach to model material-related problems contributing to project delays using rotational fuzzy set", Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 26(3), pp. 279-86 (2011). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943- 5509.0000220.
45. Chrysafis, K.A. and Papadopoulos, B.K. "Possibility moments for the task duration in fuzzy PERT", Journal of Management in Engineering, 31(5) (Sep. 2015).
46. Sadeghi, N., Fayek, A.R., and Gerami Seresht, N. "A fuzzy discrete event simulation framework for construction applications", Improving the Simulation Time Advancement. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(12), pp. 116-122 (2016). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0001195.
47. Maravas, A. and Pantouvakis, J.P. "A process for the estimation of the duration of activities in fuzzy project scheduling", Vulnerability, Uncertainty, and Risk: Analysis, Modeling, and Management, 2011, pp. 62-69 (2011). DOI: 10.1061/41170(400)8.
48. Anoop, M.B. and Balaji Rao, K. "Application of fuzzy sets for remaining life assessment of corrosion affected reinforced concrete bridge girders", Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 21(2), pp. 166-171 (2007). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887- 3828(2007)21:2(166).
49. Oliveros, A.V. and Fayek, A.R. "Fuzzy logic approach for activity delay analysis and schedule updating", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 131(1), pp. 42-51 (2005).
50. Leu, S.S. and Hung, T.H. "A genetic algorithmbased optimal resource-constrained scheduling simulation model", Construction Management & Economics, 20(2), pp. 131-141 (2002). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(1999)13:3(207).
51. Marmier, F., Varnier, C., and Zerhouni, N. "Robustness measure for fuzzy maintenance activities schedule", IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 40(18), pp. 85- 90 (2007).
52. Mousavi, S.M., Vahdani, B., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R., and Hashemi, H. "Location of cross-docking centers and vehicle routing scheduling under uncertainty: A fuzzy possibilistic-stochastic programming model", Applied Mathematical Modelling, 38(7), pp. 2249- 2264 (2014).
53. Ke, H. and Ma, J. "Modeling project time-cost trade-off in fuzzy random environment", Applied Soft Computing, 19, pp. 80-5 (2014). DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.01.040.
54. Dixit, V., Srivastava, R.K., and Chaudhuri, A. "Procurement scheduling for complex projects with fuzzy activity durations and lead times", Computers & Industrial Engineering, 76, pp. 401-14 (2014).
55. Masmoudi, M. and Hait, A. "Project scheduling under uncertainty using fuzzy modeling and solving techniques", Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 26(1), pp. 135-49 (2013).
56. Isaai, M.T., Kanani, A., Tootoonchi, M., and Afzali, H.R. "Intelligent timetable evaluation using fuzzy AHP", Expert Systems with Applications, 38(4), pp. 3718-3723 (2011).
57. Muhuri, P.K. and Shukla, K.K. "Real-time scheduling of periodic tasks with processing times and deadlines as parametric fuzzy numbers", Applied Soft Computing, 9(3), pp. 936-946 (2009).
58. Torabi, S.A., Ebadian, M., and Tanha, R. "Fuzzy hierarchical production planning (with a case study)", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 161(11), pp. 1511-1529 (2010). DOI: 10.1016/j.fss.2009.11.006.
59. Mula, J., Poler, R., and Garcia, J.P. "MRP with  flexible constraints: A fuzzy mathematical programming approach", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 157(1), pp. 74-97 (2006).
60. Mula, J., Poler, R., and Garcia-Sabater, J.P. "Material requirement planning with fuzzy constraints and fuzzy coefficients", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 158(7), pp. 783-793 (2007).
61. Long, L.D. and Ohsato, A. "Fuzzy critical chain method for project scheduling under resource constraints and uncertainty", International Journal of Project Management, 26(6), pp. 688-698 (2008).
62. Hapke, M., Jaszkiewicz, A., and Slowinski, R. "Fuzzy project scheduling system for software development", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 67(1), pp. 101-17 (1994). DOI: 10.1016/0165-0114(94)90211-9.
63. Wang, J. "A fuzzy project scheduling approach to minimize schedule risk for product development", Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 127(2), pp. 99-116 (2002). DOI: 10.1016/S0165-0114(01)00146-4.
64. Wang, C., Jiang, C., and Liu, X. "Fuzzy logic-based secures and fault tolerant job scheduling in grid", Tsinghua Science & Technology, 12, pp. 45-50 (2007). DOI: 10.1016/S1007-0214(07)70082-2.
65. Muhuri, P.K. and Shukla, K.K. "Real-time task scheduling with fuzzy uncertainty in processing times and deadlines", Applied Soft Computing, 8(1), pp. 1-3 (2008).
66. Atli, O. and Kahraman, C. "Fuzzy resourceconstrained project scheduling using taboo search algorithm", International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 27(10), pp. 873-907 (2012).
67. Ponz-Tienda, J.L., Pellicer, E., Benlloch-Marco, J., and Andres-Romano, C. "The fuzzy project scheduling problem with minimal generalized precedence relations", Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 30(11), pp. 872-91 (2015). DOI: 10.1111/mice.12166.
68. Bellagamba, L. "4 estimating risk adjusted cost or schedule using fuzzy logic", INCOSE International Symposium, 9(1), pp. 241-246 (1999). DOI:10.1002/j.2334-5837.1999.tb00166.x.
69. Sadeghi, N., Fayek, A.R., and Pedrycz, W. "Fuzzy Monte Carlo simulation and risk assessment in construction", Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 25(4), pp. 238-52 (2010).
70. Guo, S.J. "Computer-aided project duration forecasting subjected to the impact of rain", Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 15(1), pp. 67-74 (2000).
71. Behnamian, J. "Survey on fuzzy shop scheduling", Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making, 15(3), pp. 331-366 (2016).
72. Liu, Z., Qu, W., Liu, W., Li, Z., and Xu, Y. "Resource preprocessing and optimal task scheduling in cloud computing environments", Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 27(13), pp. 3461-82 (2015). DOI: 10.1002/cpe.3204.
73. Itoh, T. and Ishii, H. "Fuzzy due-date scheduling problem with fuzzy processing time", International Transactions in Operational Research, 6(6), pp. 639- 47 (1999).
74. Behnamian, J. "Survey on fuzzy shop scheduling", Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making, 15(3), pp. 331-66 (2016).
75. Vidalakis, C., Tookey, J.E., and Sommerville, J. "Demand uncertainty in construction supply chains: a discrete event simulation study", Journal of the Operational Research Society, 64(8), pp. 1194-204 (2013).
76. Ghazanfari, M., Yousefi, A., Jabal Ameli, M.S., and Bozorgi-Amiri, A. "A new approach to solve timecost trade-off problem with fuzzy decision variables", The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 42(3), pp. 408-414 (2009).
77. Bidot, J., Vidal, T., Laborie, P., and Beck, J.C. "A theoretic and practical framework for scheduling in a stochastic environment", Journal of Scheduling, 12(3), pp. 315-44 (2009).
78. Wang, J.R. "A fuzzy set approach to activity scheduling for product development", Journal of the Operational Research Society, 50, pp. 1217-1228 (1999).
79. Huang, W., Ding, L., Wen, B., and Cao, B. "Project scheduling problem for software development with random fuzzy activity duration times", Advances in Neural Networks-ISNN, 2009, pp. 60-69 (2009).
80. Ding, C. and Zhu, Y. "Two empirical uncertain models for project scheduling problem", Journal of the Operational Research Society, 66(9), pp. 1471-80 (2015).
81. Fortin, J., Zielinski, P., Dubois, D., and Fargier, H. "Criticality analysis of activity networks under interval uncertainty", Journal of Scheduling, 13(6), pp. 609-27 (2010).
82. Keller, B. and Bayraksan, G. "Scheduling jobs sharing multiple resources under uncertainty: A stochastic programming approach", Iie Transactions, 42(1), pp. 16-30 (2009).
83. Fernandez, A.A., Armacost, R.L., and Pet-Edwards, J.J. "Understanding simulation solutions to resource constrained project scheduling problems with stochastic task durations", Engineering Management Journal, 10(4), pp. 5-13 (1998).
84. Reed, A.H. and Knight, L.V. "Project duration and risk factors on virtual projects", Journal of Computer Information Systems, 54(1), pp. 75-83 (2013).
85. Kuchler, C. and Vigerske, S. "Numerical evaluation of approximation methods in stochastic programming", Optimization, 59(3), pp. 401-15 (2010). 
86. Kang, L.S., Moon, H.S, Kim, H.S., Choi, G.Y., and Kim, C.H. "Development of 5D CAD system for visualizing risk degree and progress schedule for construction project", Computing in Civil Engineering, pp. 690-687 (2011). DOI: 10.1061/41182(416)85.
87. Poshdar, M., Gonzalez, V.A., Raftery, G.M., Orozco, F., Romeo, J.S., and Forcael, E. "A probabilisticbased method to determine optimum size of project buffer in construction schedules", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(10), pp. 68-74 (Oct. 2016). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001158.
88. Shahtaheri, M., Haas, C.T., and Salimi, T. "A stochastic simulation approach for the integration of risk and uncertainty into megaproject cost and schedule estimates", Construction Research Congress, pp. 607-615 (2016). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001158.
89. De Marco, A., Rafele, C., and Thaheem, M.J. "Dynamic management of risk contingency in complex design-build projects", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(2), pp. 24-31 (2015).
90. Li, H. and Xu, Z. "Demeulemeester E. Scheduling policies for the stochastic resource leveling problem", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 141(2), pp. 78-88 (2014).
91. El-Kholy, A.M. "New aspects in time-cost tradeoff analysis", Journal of Management in Engineering, 31(4), pp. 112-119 (2013). DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000258.
92. Yang, I.T., Lin, Y.C., and Lee, H.Y. "Use of support vector regression to improve computational efficiency of stochastic time-cost trade-off", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 140(1), pp. 37-49 (2013). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0000784.
93. Perrenoud, A.J., Sullivan, K.T., and Hurtado, K.C. "The effect of project type on risk timing and frequency", Construction Research Congress 2014: Construction in a Global Network, pp. 1831-1840 (2014). DOI: 10.1061/9780784413517.187.
94. Park, H., Lee, K.W., Jeong, H.D., and Han S.H. "Effect of institutional risks on the performance of international construction projects", In Construction Research Congress 2014: Construction in a Global Network, pp. 2126-2135 (2014).
95. Khamooshi, H. and Cioffi, D.F. "Uncertainty in task duration and cost estimates: Fusion of probabilistic forecasts and deterministic scheduling", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(5), pp. 488-497 (2012). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0000616.
96. Dikmen, I., Birgonul, M.T., Tah, J.H., and Ozer, A.H. "Web-based risk assessment tool using integrated duration-cost influence network model", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 138(9), pp. 1023-1034 (2012). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000547.
97. Barraza, G.A. "Probabilistic estimation and allocation of project time contingency", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(4), pp. 259-65 (2010).
98. Mohamed, D., Srour, F., Tabra, W., and Zayed, T. "A Prediction model for construction project time contingency", In Construction Research Congress 2009: Building a Sustainable Future, pp. 736-745 (2009). DOI: 10.1061/41020(339)75.
99. Schatteman, D., Herroelen, W., Van de Vonder, S., and Boone, A. "Methodology for integrated risk management and proactive scheduling of construction projects", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 134(11), pp. 885-93 (2008).
100. Okmen,  O. and  Oztas, A. "Construction project network evaluation with correlated schedule risk analysis model", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 134(1), pp. 49-63 (2008).
101. Feng, C.W., Liu, L., and Burns, S.A. "Stochastic construction time-cost trade-off analysis", Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 14(2), pp. 117-26 (2000).
102. Mulholland, B. and Christian, J. "Risk assessment in construction schedules", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 125(1), pp. 8-15 (1999).
103. Creemers, S. "Minimizing the expected makespan of a project with stochastic activity durations under resource constraints", Journal of Scheduling, 18(3), pp. 263-73 (2015).
104. Rostami, S., Creemers, S., and Leus, R. "New strategies for stochastic resource-constrained project scheduling", Journal of Scheduling, 2017, pp. 1-17 (2017).
105. Fu, N., Lau, H.C., and Varakantham, P. "Robust flexecution strategies for project scheduling with unreliable resources and stochastic durations", Journal of Scheduling, 18(6), pp. 607-622 (2015).
106. Zhu, G., Bard, J.F., and Yu, G. "A two-stage stochastic programming approach for project planning with uncertain activity durations", Journal of Scheduling, 10(3), pp. 167-80 (2007).
107. Lee, D.E., Lee, H.G., Arditi, D., Yi, C.Y. "An advanced stochastic time-cost tradeoff analysis based on a CPM-guided genetic algorithm", Computer Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 30, pp. 824-842 (2015).
108. Choi, J., Realff, M.J., and Lee, J.H. "AQ-Learningbased method applied to stochastic resource constrained project scheduling with new project arrivals", International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 17(13), pp. 1214-31 (2007). DOI: 10.1002/rnc.1164.
109. Zafra-Cabeza, A., Ridao, M.A., and Camacho E.F. "A stochastic predictive control approach to project risk management", IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 38(1), pp. 134-9 (2005).
110. Pontrandolfo, P. "Project duration in stochastic networks by the PERT-path technique", International Journal of Project Management, 18(3), pp. 215-22 (2000).
111. Gong, D. "Optimization of  oat use in risk analysisbased network scheduling", International Journal of Project Management, 15(3), pp. 187-92 (1997). DOI: 10.1016/S0263-7863(95)00083-6.
112. Mahjoub, A., Pecero Sanchez, J.E., and Trystram, D. "Scheduling with uncertainties on new computing platforms", Computational Optimization and Applications, 48(2), pp. 369-98 (2011).
113. Ahuja, H.N. and Nandakumar, V. "Simulation model to forecast project completion time", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 111(4), pp. 325-42 (1985).
114. Bruun, P. "Discussion of scheduling maintenance dredging on a single reach with uncertainty", Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 118(1), pp. 118-9 (1992).
115. Lansey, K.E. and Menon, H. "Optimal risk-based inspection and dredging scheduling for independent dredge reaches", Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 119(3), pp. 289-301 (1993). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(1993)119:3(289).
116. Ben-Haim, Y. and Laufer, A. "Robust reliability of projects with activity-duration uncertainty", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 124(2), pp. 125-32 (1998).
117. Guillaumot, V.M., Durango-Cohen, P.L., and Madanat, S.M. "Adaptive optimization of infrastructure maintenance and inspection decisions under performance model uncertainty", Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 9(4), pp. 133-9 (2003). DOI:
10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2003)9:4(133).
118. Moussa, M., Ruwanpura, J., and Jergeas, G. "CTAN for risk assessments using multilevel stochastic networks", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 133(1), pp. 96-101 (2007).
119. Vaziri, K., Carr, P.G., and Nozick, L.K. "Project planning for construction under uncertainty with limited resources", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 133(4), pp. 268-276 (2007).
120. Bocchini, P., and Frangopol, D.M. "Connectivitybased optimal scheduling for maintenance of bridge networks", Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 139(6), pp. 760-9 (2011).
121. Nguyen, L.D., Phan, D.H., and Tang, L.C. "Simulating construction duration for multistory buildings with controlling activities", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 139(8), pp. 951-9 (2013). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0000677.
122. Ma. G., Wang. A, Li. N., Gu. L., and Ai, Q. "Improved critical chain project management framework for scheduling construction projects", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 140(12), pp. 24-31 (2014). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0000908.
123. Russell, M.M., Liu, M., and Hsiang, S.M. "Planning for uncertainty: use of structural equation modeling to determine the causal structure of time buffer allocation", Construction Management and Economics, 33(10), pp. 783-98 (2015).
124. Wang, Y., Le, Y., and Dai, J. "Incorporation of alternatives and importance levels in scheduling complex construction programs", Journal of Management in Engineering, 31(6), pp. 11-19 (2014).
125. Ji, X. and Yao, K. "Uncertain project scheduling problem with resource constraints", Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1, pp. 1-6 (2014).
126. Gan, L. and Xu, J. "Control risk for multimode resource-constrained project scheduling problems under hybrid uncertainty", Journal of Management in Engineering, 31(3), pp. 67-74 (2013).
127. Russell, M.M., Liu, M., Howell, G., and Hsiang, S.M. "Case studies of the allocation and reduction of time buffer through use of the last planner system", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 141(2), 43-51 (2014). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000900.
128. Wang, C., Zhang, S., Du, C., Pan, F., and Xue, L. "A real-time online structure-safety analysis approach consistent with dynamic construction schedule of underground caverns", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(9), 1-12 (2016).
129. Li, Y., Lu, K., and Lu, Y. "Project schedule forecasting for skyscrapers", Journal of Management in Engineering, 2016, pp. 1-38 (2016). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000498.
130. Artigues, C., Leus, R., and Nobibon, F.T. "Robust optimization for resource-constrained project scheduling with uncertain activity durations", Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, 25(1-2), pp. 175-205 (2013).
131. Mawlana, M. and Hammad, A. "Joint probability for evaluating the schedule and cost of stochastic simulation models", Advanced Engineering Informatics, 29(3), pp. 380-95 (2015).
132. Minguez, R., Conejo, A.J., and Garcia-Bertrand, R. "Reliability and decomposition techniques to solve certain class of stochastic programming problems", Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 96(2), pp. 314-23 (2011).
133. Likhachev, M. and Stentz, A. "Probabilistic planning with clear preferences on missing information", Artificial Intelligence, 173(5-6), pp. 696-721 (2009).
134.  Oztas, A. and Okmen,  O. "Judgmental risk analysis process development in construction projects", Building and Environment, 40(9), pp. 1244-54 (2005).
135. Zwikael, O. and Sadeh, A. "Planning effort as an effective risk management tool", Journal of Operations Management, 25(4), pp. 755-67 (2007). DOI: 10.1016/j.jom.2006.12.001.
136. Li, Z. "Chance constrained planning and scheduling under uncertainty using robust optimization approximation", IFAC-Papers Online, 48(8), pp. 1156-61 (2015).
137. Zhang, L., Huang, Y., Wu, X., and Skibniewski, M.J. "Risk-based estimate for operational safety in complex projects under uncertainty", Applied Soft Computing, 54, pp. 108-20 (2017).
138. Ryu, D.W., Kim, J.I., Suh, S., and Suh, W. "Evaluating risks using simulated annealing and building information modeling", Applied Mathematical Modelling, 39(19), pp. 5925-35 (2015).
139. Dehghan, R. and Ruwanpura, J.Y. "The mechanism of design activity overlapping in construction projects and the time-cost tradeoff function", Procedia Engineering, 14, pp. 1959-65 (2011).
140. Yang, I.T. and Chang, C.Y. "Stochastic resourceconstrained scheduling for repetitive construction projects with uncertain supply of resources and funding", International Journal of Project Management, 23(7), pp. 546-53 (2005).
141. Tabrizi, B.H. and Ghaderi, S.F. "A robust biobjective model for concurrent planning of project scheduling and material procurement", Computers & Industrial Engineering, 98, pp. 11-29 (2016).
142. AlNasseri, H. and Aulin, R. "Assessing understanding of planning and scheduling theory and practice on construction projects", Engineering Management Journal, 27(2), pp. 58-72 (2015).
143. Herroelen, W. and Leus, R. "Robust and reactive project scheduling: a review and classification of procedures", International Journal of Production Research, 42(8), pp. 1599-620 (2004).
144. Zilberstein, S. and Mouaddib, A.I. "Optimal scheduling of progressive processing tasks", International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 25(3), pp. 169- 86 (2000).
145. Galvez, E.D. and Capuz-Rizo, S.F. "Assessment of global sensitivity analysis methods for project scheduling", Computers & Industrial Engineering, 93, pp. 110-20 (2016).
146. Lawrence, S.R. and Sewell, E.C. "Heuristic, optimal, static, and dynamic schedules when processing times are uncertain", Journal of Operations Management, 15(1), pp. 71-82 (1997).
147. Kadipasaoglu, S.N. and Sridharan, V. "Alternative approaches for reducing schedule instability in multistage manufacturing under demand uncertainty", Journal of Operations Management, 13(3), pp. 193- 211 (1995). DOI: 0.1016/0272-6963(95)00023-L 148. Gong, D. and Rowings, J.E. "Calculation of safe oat use in risk-analysis-oriented network scheduling", International Journal of Project Management, 13(3), pp. 187-94 (1995).
149. Rahmani, D., Ramezanian, R., Fattahi, P., and Heydari, M. "A robust optimization model for multiproduct two-stage capacitated production planning under uncertainty", Applied Mathematical Modelling, 37(20), pp. 8957-71 (2013). DOI: 10.1016/j.cie.2015.12.006.
150. Shah, R.K. "A new approach for automation of location-based earthwork scheduling in road construction projects", Automation in Construction, 43, pp. 156-69 (2014).
151. Izak, M. Gorges, D., and Liu, S. "Stabilization of systems with variable and uncertain sampling period and time delay", Nonlinear Analysis: Hybrid Systems, 4(2), pp. 291-305 (2010).
152. Izak, M. Gorges, D., and Liu, S. "Stability and control of systems with uncertain time-varying sampling period and time delay", IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2008 Dec 31; 41(2), pp. 11514-9 (2008).
153. Tang, O. and Grubbstrom, R.W. "Planning and replanning the master production schedule under demand uncertainty", International Journal of Production Economics, 78(3), pp. 323-34 (2002).
154. Herroelen, W. and Leus, R. "Project scheduling under uncertainty: Survey and research potentials", European Journal of Operational Research, 165(2), pp. 289-306 (2005).
155. Wang, L., Martin, K., and Bai, S.J. "Realizing value from project implementation under uncertainty: An exploratory study using system dynamics", International Journal of Project Management, 35(3), pp. 41- 352 (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.01.009.
156. Chang, A., Hatcher, C., and Kim, J. "Temporal boundary objects in megaprojects: Mapping the system with the integrated master schedule", International Journal of Project Management, 13(2013), pp. 323-332 (2013). DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2012.08.007.
157. Arashpour, M., Wakefield, R., Lee, E.W., Chan, R., and Hosseini, M.R. "Analysis of interacting uncertainties in on-site and off-site activities, implications for hybrid construction", International Journal of Project Management, 34(7), pp. 1393-402 (2016). DOI: 10.1016/0956-0521(93)90052-X.
158. Fiedler, K. "Special conditions for time scheduling of building modernization process", International Journal of Project Management, 5(1), pp. 35-8 (1987).
159. Bushuyev, S.D. and Sochnev, S.V. "Entropy measurement as a project control tool", International Journal of Project Management, 17(6), pp. 343-50 (1999).
160. Zhao, X. and Lee, T.S. "Freezing the master production schedule for material requirements planning systems under demand uncertainty", Journal of Operations Management, 11(2), pp. 185-205 (1993).
161. Koo, K.J., Kim, S.K., and Park, H.K. "A simulation approach for a periodic PCR buffer allocation strategy in organizational program management", Automation in Construction, 20(8), pp. 1020-1029 (2011).
162. Sridharan, V. and LaForge, R.L. "The impact of safety stock on schedule instability, cost and service", Journal of Operations Management, 8(4), pp. 327-347 (1998).
163. Alzraiee, H., Zayed, T., and Moselhi, O. "Dynamic planning of construction activities using hybrid simulation", Automation in Construction, 49, pp. 176-992 (2015).
164. Acebes, F., Pajares, J., Galan, J.M., and Lopez- Paredes, A. "A new approach for project control under uncertainty. Going back to the basics", International Journal of Project Management, 32(3), pp. 423-434 (2014).
165. Van Marrewijk, A., Clegg, S.R., and Pitsis, T.S., and Veenswijk, M. "Managing publicprivate megaprojects: Paradoxes, complexity, and project design", International Journal of Project Management, 26(6), pp. 591-600 (2008). DOI: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2007.09.007.
166. Raturi, A.S., Meredith, J.R., McCutcheon, D.M., and Camm, J.D. "Coping with the build-to-forecast environment", Journal of Operations Management, 9(2), pp. 230-249 (1990).
167. Garaix, T., Artigues, C., and Briand, C. "Fast minimum oat computation in activity networks under interval uncertainty", Journal of Scheduling, 16(1), pp. 93-103 (2013).
168. Demeulemeester, E. and Herroelen, W. "Introduction to the special issue: project scheduling under uncertainty", Journal of Scheduling, 10(3), pp. 151-152 (2007).
169. Golizadeh, H., Sadeghifam, A.N., Aadal, H., Zaimi, M., and Majid, A. "Automated tool for predicting duration of construction activities in tropical countries", KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 20(1), pp. 12-22 ( January 2016).
170. Vujanic, R., Goulart, P., and Morari, M. "Robust optimization of schedules affected by uncertain events", Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 171(3), pp. 1033-54 (2016).
171. Lamas, P. and Demeulemeester, E. "A purely proactive scheduling procedure for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem with stochastic activity durations", Journal of Scheduling, 19(4), pp. 409-428 (2016).
172. Jeang, A. "Project management for uncertainty with multiple objectives optimization of time, cost and reliability", International Journal of Production Research, 53(5), pp. 1503-26 (2015).
173. Ke, H., Liu, H., and Tian, G. "An uncertain random programming model for project scheduling problem", International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 30(1), pp. 66-79 (2015).
174. Shtub, A. "The trade-off between the net present cost of a project and the probability to complete it on schedule", Journal of Operations Management, 6(3), pp. 461-70 (1986).
175. Lambrechts, O., Demeulemeester, E., and Herroelen, W. "Proactive and reactive strategies for resourceconstrained project scheduling with uncertain resource availabilities", Journal of Scheduling, 11(2), pp. 121-36 (2008).
176. Chen, W.T. and Huang, Y.H. "Approximately predicting the cost and duration of school reconstruction projects in Taiwan", Construction Management and Economics, 24(12), pp. 1231-1239 (2006).
177. Gil, N., Tommelein, I.D., and Ballard, G. "Theoretical comparison of alternative delivery systems for projects in unpredictable environments", Construction Management and Economics, 22(5), pp. 495-508 (2004).
178. Abdeddaim, Y., Asarin, E., and Maler, O. "On optimal scheduling under uncertainty", International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 240-253 (2003).
179. Zhu, G., Bard, J.F., and Yu, G. "Disruption management for resource-constrained project scheduling", Journal of the Operational Research Society, 56(4), pp. 365-81 (2005).
180. Ke, H., Wang, L., and Huang, H. "An uncertain model for RCPSP with solution robustness focusing on logistics project schedule", International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy, 3, pp. 71-83 (2015). DOI: 10.1016/j.enavi.2015.12.007.
181. Van de Vonder, S., Demeulemeester, E., and Herroelen, W. "A classification of predictive-reactive project scheduling procedures", Journal of Scheduling, 10(3), pp. 195-207 (2007).
182. Leu, S.S. and Hung, T.H. "A genetic algorithm-based optimal resource-constrained scheduling simulation model", Construction Management & Economics, 20(2), pp. 131-41 (2002).
183. Ivanov, D., Alexandre, D., and Boris, S. "Applicability of optimal control theory to adaptive supply chain planning and scheduling", Annual Reviews in Control, 36(1), pp. 73-84 (2012).
184. Guo, Z.X., Wong, W.K., Leung, S.Y., Fan, J.T., and Chan, S.F. "Genetic optimization of order scheduling with multiple uncertainties", Expert Systems with Applications, 35(4), pp. 1788-801 (2008).
185. Chtourou, H. and Haouari, M. "A two-stage-priorityrule- based algorithm for robust resource-constrained project scheduling", Computers & Industrial Engineering, 55(1), pp. 183-94 (2008).
186. Kao, H.P., Wang, B., Dong, J., and Ku, K.C. "An event-driven approach with makespan/cost tradeoff analysis for project portfolio scheduling", Computers in Industry, 57(5), pp. 379-97 (2006).
187. Krajewski, L.,Wei, J.C., and Tang, L.L. "Responding to schedule changes in build-to-order supply chains", Journal of Operations Management, 23(5), pp. 452- 469 (2004). DOI: 10.1016/j.jom.2004.10.006.
188. Mohamed, A. and Celik, T. "Knowledge basedsystem for alternative design cost estimating and scheduling", Knowledge-Based Systems, 15(3), pp. 177-88 (2002). DOI: 10.1016/S0950-7051(01)00155-1.
189. Mou, J., Gao, L., Guo, Q., and Mu, J. "A hybrid heuristic algorithm for flow shop inverse scheduling problem under a dynamic environment", Cluster Computing, 20(1), pp. 439-53 (2017).
190. Ke, H. "A genetic algorithm-based optimizing approach for project time-cost trade-off with uncertain measure", Journal of Uncertainty Analysis and Applications, 2(1), p. 8 (2014).
191. Chan, L.H., Huang. N., Guo, T., Lu, W., and Skitmore, M. "Optimizing construction planning schedules by virtual prototyping enabled resource analysis", Automation in Construction, 18(7), pp. 912-918 (2009). DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2009.04.002.
192. Wang, W.C. and Demsetz, L.A. "Model for evaluating networks under correlated uncertainty- NETCOR", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 126(6), pp. 458-66 (2000).
193. Ersahin, T., McCabe, B., and Doyle, M. "Monte carlo simulation analysis at Lester B Pearson international airport development project", In Construction Research Congress: Wind of Change: Integration and Innovation, pp. 1-8 (2003).
194. Park, M. and Pe~na-Mora, F. "Reliability buffering for construction projects", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 130(5), pp. 626-37 (2004).
195. Ryu, H.G., Lee, H.S., and Park, M. "Construction planning method using case-based reasoning", Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 21(6), pp. 410-22 (2007).
196. Yousefi, S., Hegazy, T., Capuruco, R.A., and Attalla, M. "System of multiple ANNs for online planning of numerous building improvements", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 134(5), pp. 342-351 (2008). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733- 9364(2008)134:5(342).
197. Song, L., Cooper, C., and Lee, S.H. "Real-time simulation for look-ahead scheduling of heavy construction projects", Construction Research Congress 2009: Building a Sustainable Future, pp. 1318-1327 (2009). DOI: 10.1061/41020(339)134.
198. Ezeldin, A.S. and Soliman, A. "Hybrid time-cost optimization of nonsocial repetitive construction projects", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(1), pp. 42-55 (2009).
199. Francis, A. and Miresco, E. "A generalized time-scale network simulation using chronographic dynamics relations", Computing in Civil Engineering, 2011, pp. 560-568 (2011).
200. Nguyen, L.D., Phan, D.H., and Tang, L.C. "Predicting construction duration with typical construction sequences for high-rise buildings", AEI 2013: Building Solutions for Architectural Engineering, 2013, pp. 387-396 (2013). DOI: 10.1061/9780784412909.037.
201. Touran, A. "A mathematical structure for modeling uncertainty in cost, schedule, and escalation factor in a portfolio of projects", Construction Research Congress 2014: Construction in a Global Network, pp. 1743-1751 (2014). DOI: 10.1061/9780784413517.178.
202. Ma, G., Gu, L., and Li, N. "Scenario-based proactive robust optimization for critical-chain project scheduling", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 141(10) (Oct. 2015).
203. Bi, L., Ren, B., Zhong, D., and Hu, L. "Realtime construction schedule analysis of long-distance diversion tunnels based on litho logical predictions using a Markov process", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 141(2) (Feb. 2015).
204. Baqerin, M.H., Shafahi, Y., and Kashani, H. "Application of weibull analysis to evaluate and forecast schedule performance in repetitive projects", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 142(2) (Feb. 2016). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0001040.
205. Francis, A. "Simulating uncertainties in construction projects with chronographical scheduling logic", Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 143(1) (Jan. 2017).
206. Mak, K.L., Lau, J.S., and Wang, X.X. "A genetic scheduling methodology for virtual cellular manufacturing systems: an industrial application", International Journal of Production Research, 43(12), pp. 2423-2450 (2005). DOI: 10.1080l00207540500046020.
207. Lam, K.C., Ning, X., and Ng, T. "The application of the ant colony optimization algorithm to the construction site layout planning problem", Construction Management and Economics, 25(4), pp. 359-274 (2007). DOI: 10.1080l0020750500046020.
208. McPherson, R.F. and White, K.P. "A framework for developing intelligent real-time scheduling systems", Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, 16(4), pp. 385-408 (2006).
209. Yang, H.L. and Wang, C.S. "Recommender system for software project planning one application of revised CBR algorithm", Expert Systems with Applications, 36(5), pp. 8938-45 (2009).
210. Huang, G.H., Baetz. B.W., and Patry, G.G. "Development of a grey critical path method for construction planning", Engineering Optimization, 28(3) (1997).
211. Rudloff, D. and Schultz, M. "Top risks in oil and gas", Oil and Gas Journal, 13, pp. 175-194 (2016).
212. Ghasemi, S., Yavari, K., Mahmoudvand, R., and Sahabi, B. "Presenting a new method for scrutiny the insurable risk in gas refineries by FMEA", Journal of Economic Policy, 13(7), pp. 1-26 (2015).
213. Najafi, P., Haji, H., and Shahhosseini, V. "Risk quanti fication in complex and fast projects and impact on the timely completion of the project", International Conference on Management Tools and Techniques, Tehran (2015).
214. Doosti, Y., Khazaei, S., and Rafati, P. "Risk management in the construction of gas refineries", Iranian Conference of Civil Engineering and Its Achievements, Iran (2014).
215. Ardeshir, A., Mohajeri, M., and Amiri, M. "Safety assessment in construction projects based on analytic hierarchy process and grey fuzzy methods", Iran Occupational Health, 11(2), pp. 87-98 (2014).
216. Bordbar, A. and Sayebani, M. "Identification and allocation of risks in construction projects", First National Conference on Construction Project Management, Tehran (2013).
217. Amanatyazdi, L. and Moharramnejad, N. "Risk management in Iranian Oil Company", Journal of Environmental Studies, 39(20), pp. 61-72 (2013).
218. Hamzei, H. and Alamtabriz, A. "Project risk assessment by the new hybrid method of incorporation PMBOK and FMEA", Journal of Industrial Management Studies, 2012, pp.1-19 (2012).
219. Attarzadeh, M., Chua, D.K., and Michael, B. "Risk management of Asalouye desalination project", Fifth International Symposium on Uncertainty Modeling and Analysis (2011).
220. Soltani, R., Ebrahim-Zadeh, M., and Halvani, G.H. "Risk assessment in Shiraz refinery by FMEA method", Journal of Iran Occupational Medicine, 3(2), pp. 16-23 (2011).
221. Jalaee, F. and Mahdaviparsa, A. "Risk management in Iranian construction projects", 6th International Conference on Project Management, Tehran (2010).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 26, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
Transactions on Civil Engineering (A)
March and April 2019
Pages 752-778

Files

Cited by

History

  • Receive Date: 17 June 2017
  • Revise Date: 27 July 2017
  • Accept Date: 14 August 2017

Share

How to cite

Statistics