Strength development of binary cement concrete, using Pulverized Fly Ash (PFA) under various curing conditions

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, City University of Science and IT, Peshawar, Pakistan; and Department of Civil Engineering and Construction, Kingston University, London, UK

2 Department of Civil Engineering, City University of Science and IT, Peshawar, Pakistan

3 Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing at Kingston University, London, UK.

Abstract

Binary Cement incorporating Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) is widely used in concrete to reduce the cement consumption in construction industry. Cement production is a major source for the emission of Green House Gases (GHG) and there is an increasing pressure to reduce its consumption to avoid further Global Warming and Climate changes etc.  In this research, Pulverised Fly Ash was used to partially replace cement in the concrete. Three levels of replacement of cement by PFA were selected and the specimens were cured under summer and winter environments. The strength development characteristics of the blended concrete were compared with the control mix without PFA.  The strength gain under winter curing condition was observed as slower.  At water cement ratio of 0.35, concrete with 30 % replacement of cement by PFA achieved high early age strength. PFA concrete gained more strength than the PC concrete after the age of 28 days. The 28 days compressive strengths of blended concrete for 30 % of cement replacement by PFA has been observed as nearly the same as that of control concrete mix. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. UN (1983) Report of the world commission on environment and development", [online] available at: http://www.un.org/documents/ga/res/42/ares42- 187.htm (Accessed 4 May, 2010). 2. The Concrete Centre Concrete industry sustainability performance report", Surrey, UK, [online] available at http://www.sustainableconcrete.org.uk/ (Accessed 15 Feb, 2011) (2010). 3. Brundtland Commission Our common future", Technical Report, World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), Oxford University Press (1987). 4. Struble, L. and Godfrey, J. How sustainable is concrete?", Proceedings of the International Workshop on Sustainable Development and Concrete Technology, Beijing, China, pp. 201-211 (2004). 5. United Kingdom Quality Ash Association Embodied CO2 of UK cement, additions and cementitious material", Technical Data Sheet 8.3, MPA UK quality Ash association; [online] available at http://www.ukqaa.org.uk. (Accessed 4th October, 2012) (2010). 6. Harrison, A.J.W., TecEco Cement Concretes - Abatement, Sequestration and Waste Utilization in the Built Environment, TecEco Pty. Ltd, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, [online] (Accessed 12th March, 2012). Available at: http://www.tececo.com/_les/ conference% 20papers/TecEco TechnologyAbatementSequest rationandWasteUtilsation290105.pdf (2003). 7. http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ sustainable-development-goals/ (Accessed 14th June, 2017). 8. Naik, T.R. and Ramme, B.W. Setting and hardening of high y ash content concrete", American Coal Ash Association's 8th International Coal Ash Utilization Symposium, Washington, American Coal Ash Association, pp. 16-120 (1987). 9. Naik, T.R. and Ramme, B.W. High strength concrete containing large quantities of y ash", ACI Mater J., 86(2), pp. 111-7 (1989). 10. Poon, C.S. Study on high strength concrete prepared with large volumes of low calcium y ash", Cem. Concr. Res., 30(3), pp. 447-55 (2000). 11. Berry, E.E. and Malhorta, V.M. Fly ash for use in concrete - a critical review", ACI Mater. J., 77(2), pp. 59-73 (1980). 12. Lee, T. and Wu, L.S. E_ects of the LOI of y ash on the concrete properties", Conference on the Application of Fly-Ash Concrete in Taiwan, Department of Civil Engineering of National Central University, pp. 17-23 (1992). 13. Huang, C.H., Lin, S.K., and Chen, H.J. Mix proportions and mechanical properties of concrete containing very high-volume of class F y ash" Construction and Building Materials, 46, pp. 71-78 (2013). 14. Higgins, D. Sustainable concrete: How can additions contribute", Proceedings of the Institute of Concrete Technology Annual Technical Symposium, Institute of Concrete Technology Camberley, UK (2003). 15. Wang, L., Tian, P., and Yao, Y. Application of ground granulated blast furnace slag in high-performance concrete in China", Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainability and Concrete Technology, Beijing, China (2004). 16. Thomas, M.D.A., Optimizing Fly Ash Content for Sustainability, Durability, and Constructability, University of New Brunswick, Department of Civil Engineering, Canada (2010). 17. Davis, R.E., Carlson, R.W., Kelly, J.W., and Davis, H.E. Properties of cements and concretes containing y ash", Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 33, pp. 577-611 (1937). 18. British standard institute BS EN 450-1:2012, Fly Ash for Concrete, De_nition, Speci_cation and Conformity Criteria, London: British Standard Institute (2012). 19. ACI Committee 226 Use of y ash in concrete", ACI Mater J., 84(5), pp. 381-409 (1987). 20. Dhir, R.K. Pulverised-fuel ash", Concrete Technology and Design, Cement Replacement Materials, Surrey University Press, London, 33, Ch. 7, pp. 197-255 (1986). 21. Kayali, O. and Ahmed, M.S. Assessment of high volume replacement y ash concrete - Concept of performance index", Construction and Building Materials, 39, pp. 71-76, Elsevier (2013). 22. Neville, A.M., Properties of Concrete, Longman Group Limited, 4th Edn., London, England (1995). 23. Malhotra, V.M. and Mehta, P.K., High-Performance, High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete. Supplementary Cementing Materials for Sustainable Development, Inc., Ottawa, Canada, 124 pages (2005). 24. Yang, E.H., Yang, Y., Li, V.C. Use of high volumes of y ash to improve ECC mechanical properties and material greenness", ACI Materials Journal, 104(6), pp. 620-628 (2007). 25. Lepech, M.D., Li, V.C., Robertson, R.E., and Keoleian, G.A. Design of green engineered cementitious composites for improved sustainability", ACI Materials Journal, 105(6), pp. 568-575 (2008). 26. Qureshi, M.N. and Somnath, G. E_ect of curing conditions on the compressive strength and microstructure of alkali-activated GGBS paste", International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, 2(2), pp. 24-31 (2013). 27. Islam, M.M., Islam, M.S., Mondal, B.P., and Islam, M.R. Strength behavior of concrete using slag with cement in sea water environment", Journal of Civil Engineering (IEB), 38(2), pp. 129-140 (2010). 624 S. Samad et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 615{624 28. Barnett, S.J., Soutsos, M.N., Millard, S.G., and Bungey, J.H. Strength development of mortars containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag", E_ect of curing temperature and determination of apparent activation energies", Cement and Concrete Research, 36, pp. 434-440 (2010). 29. Safan, M. and Kohoutkov_a, A. Inuence of di_erent drying conditions on high strength concrete compressive strength", Acta Polytechnica, 41(3), pp. 24-28 (2001). 30. Hongen, Z., Ling, T., Xiaoshuang, S., and Wang, Q. Inuence of curing condition on compressive strength of low-calcium y ash-based geopolymer concrete", Journal of Residuals Science & Technology, 14(1), p. 1544 (2017). 31. Ki-Bong Park1 and Takafumi Noguchi E_ects of mixing and curing temperature on the strength development and pore structure of y ash blended Mass Concrete", Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 27, 11 pages (2017). 32. British Standard Institute BS EN 934-2:2009+A1: 2012, Admixtures for Concrete, Mortar and Grout. Concrete Admixtures. De_nitions, Requirements, Conformity, Marking and Labelling (2012). 33. British Standard Institute BS EN 12620-1: 2009, Aggregates for Concrete, London, British Standard Institute (2009). 34. British Standards Institution BS EN 12390-3: 2009, Testing Hardened Concrete, Part 3: Compressive Strength of Test Specimens, London: British Standards Institute (2009).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 26, Issue 2 - Serial Number 2
Transactions on Civil Engineering (A)
March and April 2019
Pages 615-624

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics