Physical, mechanical, and durability properties of ternary blend concrete

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Center for Advanced Research in Environment, School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401 India

2 School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India

Abstract

Production of high strength concrete with waste utilization attracted more attention of many researchers due to number of benefits in the present scenario. This paper discusses the effect of such waste utilization in strength, durability and structural behavior of high strength concrete by considerably replacing cement. Rice husk ash (RHA) (5 to 15%) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) (20 to 40%) were used as mineral admixtures in three different percentages. The range of replacement of cement with this dual mixture was kept 25% as minimum and 55% as maximum. Strength parameters such as compression & flexure and durability parameters such as sorptivity, porosity and freeze-thaw were studied. All the tests were conducted as per ASTM standards. Ten combinations of ternary mix were tested and among them mix with 30% GGBFS and 5% RHA exhibited better performance at par with control concrete by compromising characteristic compressive strength to an extent of 5%. It also yields better performance in terms of durability characteristics. Hence it was concluded that it could be possible to produce high strength concrete with 35% replacement of cement either with 20% of GGBFS and 15% of RHA or 30% of GGBFS and 5% of RHA.

Keywords

Main Subjects


References
1. Madurwar, M.V., Ralegaonkar, R.V., and Mandavgane,
S.A. \Application of agro-waste for sustainable
construction materials: A review", Constr. Build.
Mater., 38, pp. 872-878 (2013).
2. Ismail, M.S. and Waliuddin, A.M. \The e ect of rice
husk ash on high strength Concrete", Constr. Build.
Mater., 10(I), pp. 521-526 (1996).
3. Reddy, D.V. and Marcelina Alvarez, B.S. \Marine
durability characteristics of rice husk ash-modi ed
reinforced concrete", Fourth LACCEI International
Latin American and Caribbean conference for Engineering
and Technology (LACCET'2006) \Breaking
Frontiers and Barriers in Engineering: Education,
Research and Practice" 21-23 June 2006, Mayaguez,
Puerto Rico (2006).
4. Habeeb, G.A. and Mahmud, H.B. \Study on properties
of rice husk ash and its use as cement replacement
material", Mater. Res., 13(2), pp. 185-190 (2010).
5. Akeke, G.A., Ephraim, M.E., Akobo, I.Z.S., and
Ukpata, J.O. \Structural properties of rice husk ash
concrete", Int. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 3(3), pp. 57-62
(2013).
6. Samuel, A.A. and Emmanuel, S. \Fracture behavior of
concrete with rice husk ash replacement under uniaxial
compressive loading", Res. J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 2(2), pp.
132-136 (2013).
7. Montes, P., Theodore, W., and Castellanos, B.F.
\Interactive e ects of
y ash and CNI on corrosion of
reinforced high-performance concrete", Mater. Struct.,
39(2), pp. 201-210 (2006).
8. Pan, Z.H., Hiromi, F., and Wee, T.H. \Preparation of
high performance foamed concrete from cement, sand
and mineral admixtures", Mater. Sci. Edn., 22(2), pp.
295-298 (2007).
9. Guneyisi, E. and Gesoglu, M. \A study on durability
properties of high-performance concretes incorporating
high replacement levels of slag", Mater. Struct., 41(3),
pp. 479-493 (2008).
10. Cordeiro, G.C., Filho, R.D.T., and Rego Fairbairn,
E.M. \Use of ultra ne rice husk ash with high-carbon
content as pozzolan in high performance concrete",
Mater. Struct., 42(7), pp. 983-992 (2009).
G. Dhinakaran and B. Sreekanth/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 25 (2018) 2440{2450 2449
11. Chinnaraju, K., Subramanian, K., and Senthilkumar,
S.R.R. \Strength properties of HPC using binary,
ternary and quaternary cementitious blends", Struct.
Conc., 11(4), pp. 191-198 (2010).
12. Mazanec, O., Lowke, D., and Schie, P. \Mixing of high
performance concrete: e ect of concrete composition
and mixing intensity on mixing time", Mater. Struct.,
43(7), pp. 357-365 (2010).
13. Lu, J.F., Guan, H., Zhao, W.X., and Ba, H.J.
\Compressive strength and permeability of highperformance
concrete", Mater. Sci. Edn., 26(1), pp.
137-141 (2011).
14. Hwang, S.D., Khayat, K.H., and Youssef, D. \E ect of
moist curing and use of lightweight sand on characteristics
of high-performance concrete", Mater. Struct.,
46(1-2), pp. 35-46 (2013).
15. Atis, C.D. and Bilim, C. \Wet and dry cured compressive
strength of concrete containing ground granulated
blast-furnace slag", Build. Environ., 42(8), pp. 3060-
3065 (2007).
16. Teng, S., Lim, T.Y.D., and Divsholi, B.S. \Durability
and mechanical properties of high strength concrete incorporating
ultra ne ground granulated blast-furnace
slag", Constr. Build. Mater., 40, pp. 875-881 (2013).
17. Shannag, M.J. \High strength concrete containing natural
pozzolan and silica fume", Cem. Conc. Compos.,
22(6), pp. 399-406 (2000).
18. Appa Rao, G. \Development of strength with age of
mortars containing silica fume", Cem. Conc. Res.,
31(8), pp. 1141-1146 (2001).
19. Kartikeyan, B., Sumanth, K., Harshavardhan, G., Rajasekharareddy,
A., and Dhinakaran, G. \Microstructure
analysis and strength properties of concrete with
nano SiO2", Int. J. ChemTech Res., 6(5), pp. 3004-
3013 (2014).
20. Bleszynski, R., Doug Hooton, R., Michael Thomas,
D.A., and Rogers, C.A. \Durability of ternary blend
concrete with silica fume and blast-furnace slag: laboratory
and outdoor exposure site studies", ACI Mater.
J., 99, pp. 499-508 (2002).
21. Elahi, A., Basheer, P.A.M., Nanukuttan, S.V., and
Khan, Q.U.Z. \Mechanical and durability properties of
high performance concrete containing supplementary
cementitious materials", Constr. Build. Mater., 24,
pp. 292-299 (2002).
22. Kevin Smith, M., Andrea Schokker, J., and Paul
Tikalsky, J. \Performance of supplementary cementitious
materials in concrete resistivity and corrosion
monitoring evaluations", ACI Mater. J., 101(5), pp.
385-390 (2004).
23. Sengul, O. and Tasdemir, M.A. \Compressive strength
and rapid chloride permeability of concretes with
ground
y ash and slag", J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 21(9),
pp. 494-501 (2009).
24. Susanto, T., Lim, T.Y.D., and Divsho, B.S. \Durability
and mechanical properties of high strength concrete
incorporating ultra ne ground granulated blastfurnace
slag", Constr. Build. Mater., 40, pp. 875-881
(2013).
25. Vijayasarathy, R. and Dhinakaran, G. \Strength and
durability characteristics of GGBFS based HPC",
Asian J. Appl. Sci., 7(4), pp. 224-231 (2014).
26. ASTM C 150/C150M-12, Standard Speci cation for
Portland Cement, American Society for Testing and
Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken,
PA, USA (2012).
27. ASTM C618, Standard Speci cation for Coal Fly Ash
and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in
Concrete, American Society for Testing and Materials,
ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
(2008).
28. ASTM C 127-12, Standard Test Method for Density,
Relative Density (Speci c Gravity) and Absorption of
Coarse Aggregate, American Society for Testing and
Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken,
PA, USA (2012).
29. ASTM C 143-12, Standard Test Method for Slump
of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete, American Society for
Testing and Materials, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, USA (2012).
30. ASTM C311-05, Standard Test Methods for Sampling
and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use
in Portland Cement Concrete, American Society for
Testing and Materials, ASTM International, West
Conshohocken, PA, USA (2005).
31. ASTM C109/C109M, Test Method for Compressive
Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortar, American Society
for Testing and Materials, ASTM International,
West Conshohocken, PA, USA (1993).
32. ACI 211.1, Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions
for Normal, Heavyweight and Mass Concrete, American
Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
(1991).
33. BS 1881-1983, Method for Determination of Water Absorption,
British Standard Testing Concrete Part 122,
British Standards Institution, 2 Park Street London
W1 A 2BS (1983).
34. ASTM C 642-13, Standard Test Method for Density,
Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete,
American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA (2013).
35. ASTM C 1585-13, Standard Test Method for Measurement
of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-
Cement Concretes, American Society for Testing and
Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken,
PA, USA (2013).
36. ASTM C666 -03, Standard Test Method for Resistance
of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing, American
Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM International,
West Conshohocken, PA, USA (2003).
37. ASTM C215-14, Standard Test Method for Fundamental
Transverse Frequency of Concrete Specimen,
American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA (2014).
2450 G. Dhinakaran and B. Sreekanth/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 25 (2018) 2440{2450