Bayesian updating of the Park-Ang damage index for RC frame buildings under near-fault ground motions

Document Type : Article

Authors

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, P.O. Box 416, Iran

Abstract

A procedure for updating the Park-Ang damage index of reinforced concrete building under near-fault ground motion is proposed. Rather than developing a new damage model, a correction term is added to the existing damage model within the Bayesian framework. The correction term is described as a linear function of the variation of stiffness of structures which is a more consistent indicator in predicting the level of damage. The Bayesian method is an effective approach when new data become available. The reinforced concrete building damage data during past near-fault pulse-like earthquakes were used in updating the damage model. The proposed damage index is conceptually simple and realistic.

Keywords

Main Subjects


References

1. Paal, S., Jeon, J., Brilakis, I. and DesRoches, R. \Automated damage index estimation of reinforced concrete columns for post-earthquake evaluations", Journal of Structural Engineering, 141(9), pp. 1-13 (2015).
2. Krawinkler, H. and Zohrei, M. \Cumulative damage in steel structures subjected to earthquake ground
motion", Computers and Structures, 16(1-4), pp. 531-
541 (1983).
3. Park, Y.J. and Ang, A.H. \Mechanistic seismic damage
model for reinforced concrete", Journal of Structural
Engineering, ASCE, 111(4), pp. 722-739 (1985).
4. Mohammadjalal, M.A. and Estekanchi, H.E. \Application
of damage spectra as seismic intensity measures
in endurance time method for steel moment-resisting
frames", Scientia Iranica, 24(1), pp. 53-64 (2017).
5. Cao, V.V. and Ronagh, H.R. \ Correlation between
seismic parameters of far-fault motions and damage
indices of low-rise reinforced concrete frames", Soil
Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 66(1), pp.
102-112 (2014).
6. Golafshani, A.A., Tabeshpour, M.R., and Bakhshi,
A. \Vulnerability and damage analysis of existing
buildings", Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 6(1-
2), pp. 85-100 (2005).
7. Colombo, A. and Negro, P. \A damage index of generalised
applicability", Engineering Structures, 27(8),
pp. 1164-1174 (2005).
8. Cao, V.V., Ronagh, H.R., Ashraf, M., and Baji, H. \A
new damage index for reinforced concrete structures",
Earthquakes and Structures, 6(6), pp. 581-609 (2014).
9. Banon, H. and Veneziano, D. \Seismic safety of reinforced
concrete members and structures", Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 10(2), pp. 179-
193 (1982).
10. Banon, H., Biggs, J.M., and Irvine, H.M. \Seismic
damage in reinforced concrete frames", Journal of the
Structural Division, 107(9), pp. 1713-1729 (1981).
11. Roufaiel, M.S.L. and Meyer, C. \Analytical modelling
of hysteretic behavior of R/C frames", Journal of the
Structural Engineering, 113(3), pp. 429-444 (1987).
12. Ghobarah, A., Abou-Elfath, H. and Biddah, A. \Response
base damage assessment of structures", Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 28(1),
pp. 79-104 (1999).
K. Yazdannejad and A. Yazdani/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 25 (2018) 606{616 615
13. Powell, G.H. and Allahabadi, R. \Seismic damage
prediction by deterministic methods: Concepts and
procedures", Earthquake Engineering and Structural
Dynamics, 16(5), pp. 719-734 (1988).
14. Fajfar, P. \Equivalent ductility factors, taking into
account low-cycle fatigue", Earthquake Engineering
and Structural Dynamics, 21(10), pp. 837-848 (1992).
15. Padilla, D. and Rodriguez, M. \A damage index for
the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete members",
Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 13(3), pp. 364-383
(2009).
16. Karantoni, F.V., Fardis, M.N., Vintzeleou, E., and
Harisis, A. \E ectiveness of seismic strengthening
measures", IABSE Symposium on Structural Preservation
of the Architectural Heritage, 70, pp. 548-556
(1993).
17. Ghobarah, A. and Aly, N.M. \Seismic reliability assessment
of existing reinforced concrete buildings",
Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2(4), pp. 569-592
(1998).
18. Bozorgnia, Y. and Bertero, V.V. \Improved shaking
and damage parameters for post-earthquake applications",
Proceedings, SMIP01 Seminar on Utilization
of Strong-Motion Data, Los Angeles, pp. 1-22 (2001).
19. Yuksel, E. and Surmeli, M. \Failure analysis of onestory
precast structures for near-fault and far-fault
strong ground motions", Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering,
8(4), pp. 937-953 (2010).
20. Bassam, A., Iranmanesh, A., and Ansari, F. \A simple
quantitative approach for post earthquake damage
assessment of
exure dominant reinforced concrete
bridges", Journal of Engineering Structures, 33(12),
pp. 3218-3225 (2011).
21. Ghosh, S., Datta, D., and Katakdhond, A.A. \Estimation
of the Park-Ang damage index for planar multistorey
frames using equivalent single-degree systems",
Journal of Engineering Structures, 33(9), pp. 2509-
2524 (2011).
22. Arjomandi, K., Estekanchi, H., and Vafai, A. \Correlation
between structural performance levels and damage
indices in steel frames subjected to earthquakes",
Scientia Iranica, 16(2), pp. 147-155 (2009).
23. Zhang, R. and Mahadevan, S. \Model uncertainty
and Bayesian updating in reliability-based inspection",
Structural Safety, 22(2), pp. 145-160 (2000).
24. Wang, M. and Takada, T. \A Bayesian framework for
prediction of seismic ground motion", Bulletin of the
Seismological Society of America, 99(4), pp. 2348-2364
(2009).
25. Assareh, H., Noorossana, R., Mohammadi, M., and
Mengersen, K. \Bayesian multiple change-point estimation
of Poisson rates in control charts", Scientia
Iranica, 23(1), pp. 316-329 (2016).
26. Zhu, L. \Probabilistic drift capacity models for reinforced
concrete columns", Master Thesis, University of
British Columbia (2005).
27. O'Hagan, A., Rudas, T., Gasparini, M., Rogantin, M.,
Sobel, M., and Goldreich, O. \The Bayesian approach
to statistics", Handbook of Probability: Theory and
Applications, Part II: Probability Theory in Research
Methodology (2008).
28. Iervolino, I. and Cornell, C.A. \Probability of occurrence
of velocity pulses in near-source ground motions",
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,
98(5), pp. 2262-2277 (2008).
29. Bray, J.D., Rodriguez, A. and Gillie J.L. \Design
ground motions near active faults", Bulletin of the New
Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 42(1),
pp. 1-8 (2009).
30. Gardoni, P. \Probabilistic models and fragility estimates
for bridge components and systems", Ph.D.
Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of California, Berkeley (2002).
31. Gardoni, P., Der Kiureghian, A. and Mosalam, K.M.
\Probabilistic capacity models and fragility estimates
for reinforced concrete columns based on experimental
observations", Journal of Engineering Mechanics,
128(10), pp. 1024-1038 (2002).
32. Dipasquale, E. and Cakmak, A.S. \On the relation
between local and global damage indices", Technical
Report NCEER-89-0034, State University of New York
at Bu alo (1989).
33. Otani, S., Cheung, V.W.T., and Lai, S.S. \Behaviour
and analytical models of reinforced concrete
columns under biaxial earthquake loads", Proceedings,
3rd Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering,
Montreal, P.Q., pp. 1141-1168 (1979).
34. Sozen, M.A. \Review of earthquake response of reinforced
concrete buildings with a view to drift control",
State-of-the-Art in Earthquake Engineering, Turkish
National Committee on Earthquake Engineering Istanbul,
Turkey, pp. 383-418 (1981).
35. Dipasquale, E. and Cakmak, A.S. \Detection and
assessment of seismic structural damage", Technical
Report NCEER-87-0015, State University of New York
at Bu alo (1987).
36. Sadeghi, K. \Energy based structural damage index
based on nonlinear numerical simulation of structures
subjected to oriented lateral cyclic loading", International
Journal of Civil Engineering, 9(3), pp. 155-164
(2011).
37. Kunnath, S.K. and Jenne, C. \Seismic damage assessment
of inelastic R.C structures", Proceedings of the
5th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering
(1994).
38. Park, Y.J., Reinhorn, A., and Kunnath, S.K.
\Inelastic damage analysis of reinforced concrete
wall frame structures", Report NCEER 87 0008,
NCEER/SUNY/Bu alo (1987).
39. Van de Lindt, J. \Damage-based seismic reliability
concept for wood frame structures", Journal of Structural
Engineering, ASCE, 131(4), pp. 668-675 (2005).
616 K. Yazdannejad and A. Yazdani/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 25 (2018) 606{616
40. Karamodin, A. Irani, F., and Baghban, A. \E ectiveness
of a fuzzy controller on the damage index
of nonlinear benchmark buildings", Scientia Iranica,
19(1), pp. 1-10 (2012).
41. Standard No. 2800-5, Iranian Code of Practice for
Seismic Resistant Design of Buildings, 4rd Revision,
Building and Housing Research Center, Iran (2014) (In
Persian).
42. Iranian National Building Codes \Part 9- design and
construction of R.C. buildings", Building and Housing
Research Center, Iran (2013) (In Persian).
43. Kunnath, S.K., Reinhorn, A.M. and Lobo, R.F.
\IDARC Version 7: A program for the inelastic
damage analysis of RC structures", Technical Report,
National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research,
State University of New York, Bu alo, NY (2010).
44. Liel, A. and Champion, C. \The e ect of near-fault
directivity on building seismic collapse risk", Earthquake
Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 41(10),
pp. 1391-1409 (2012).
45. MacRae, G.A., Morrow, D.V., and Roeder, C.W.
\Near-fault ground motion e ects on simple structures",
Journal of Structural Engineering, 127(9), pp.
996-1004 (2001).
46. Akkar, S., Yazgan, U., and Gulkan, P. \Drift estimates
in frame buildings subjected to near-fault ground
motions", Journal of Structural Engineering, 131(7),
pp. 1014-1024 (2005).
47. Tothong, P. and Cornell, C.A. \Structural performance
assessment under near-source pulse-like ground
motions using advanced ground motion intensity measures",
Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,
37(7), pp. 1013-1037 (2008).
48. Baker, J.W. and Cornell, C.A. \Vector-valued intensity
measures for pulse-like near-fault ground motions",
Engineering Structures, 30(4), pp. 1048-1057
(2008).
49. Blakeborough, A., Merriman, P.A., and Williams,
M.S. \The Northridge, California earthquake of 17
January 1994: A eld Report By EEFIT", Earthquake
Engineering Field Investigation Team, London, p. 196
(1997).
50. Tsai, K.C., Hsiao, Ch.P., and Bruneau, M. \Overview
of building damage in 921 Chi-Chi earthquake", Earthquake
Engineering and Engineering Seismology, 2(1),
pp. 93-108 (2000).
51. Okada, T. \Needs to evaluate real seismic performance
of buildings- lessons from the 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu
earthquake", The EERC-CUREe Symposium in Honor
of Vitelmo V. Bertero, Berkeley, California (1997).
52. Liel, A.B. and Lynch, K.P. \Vulnerability of reinforced
concrete frame buildings and their occupants in the
2009 L'Aquila, Italy earthquake", Natural Hazards
Review, 13(1), pp. 11-23 (2012).
53. Kam, W.Y., Pampanin, S., and Elwood, K. \Seismic
performance of reinforced concrete buildings in the
22 February Christchurch (Lyttelton) earthquake",
Bulletin of The New Zealand Society For Earthquake
Engineering, 44(4), pp. 239-278 (2011).
54. He, Y.B., Deng, P., Zhang, Ch., and Shen, P.Sh., The
Modi cation on the Discreteness of Park-Ang Damage
Index Based on Bayesian Methodology, Harbin Institute
of Technology, 21(1), pp. 15-38 (2014).