Activated nanoporous carbon from walnut shell as a promising adsorbent for methane storage in adsorbed natural gas technology

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Energy, Environment & Nanostructure Material Laboratory, Caspian Faculty of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4386156387, Iran.

2 Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, P.O. Box 14665-1998, Iran.

Abstract

Abstract
Activated carbon from walnut shell is studied for methane storage in this research. The samples are ‎synthesized by zinc chloride and phosphoric acid, as activating agents. The effect of physical ‎activation, after chemical activation steps, on the final structure of the samples and their total methane ‎storage is examined. The results show that physical activation has an improving effect on the total ‎capacity of the samples activated by phosphoric acid, however; it has a reverse effect on the ‎capacity of zinc chloride activated ones. The experimental data show that the best capacity is ‎obtained at impregnation ratios of 0.7 and 1.2 in the case of phosphoric acid and zinc chloride ‎activated samples, respectively. The best sample is the one activated by phosphoric acid with ‎impregnation ratio of 0.7 and subsequently physically activated by carbon dioxide. It has the BET ‎surface area of 1479 m2/g, average pore diameter of 4.2 nm, total pore volume of 0.84 cm3/g and ‎methane adsorption capacity of 159 cm3/g. The sample shows high stability during successive ‎adsorption/desorption cycles experiment. ‎

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References:
1. Beckner, M., and Dailly, A. "Adsorbed methane storage for vehicular applications", Applied Energy, 149, pp. 69-74 (2017).
2. Kim, S.Y., Kang, J.H., Kim, S.I., et al. "Extraordinarily large and stable methane delivery of MIL-53 (Al) under LNG-ANG conditions", Chemical Engineering Journal, 365, pp. 242-248 (2019).
3. Kanbur, B.B., Xiang, L.M., Dubey, S., et al. "Cold utilization systems of LNG: a review", Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev, 79, pp. 1171-1188 (2017).
4. Khan, M.I., Yasmin, T., and Shakoor, A. "Technical overview of compressed natural gas (CNG) as a transportation fuel", Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev, 51 pp. 785-797 (2015).
5. Roszak, E.A., and Chorowski, M. "Exergy analysis of combined simultaneous liquid natural gas vaporization and adsorbed natural gas cooling", Fuel, 111 pp. 755- 762 (2013).
6. Hayatu, U.S., Noor, S.N., Husna, M.Z., et al. "Methane adsorption on KOH microwave treated porous carbon from sustainable coconut solid waste material", Chemical Engineering Transactions, 61 pp. 1249-1254 (2017).
7. Kumar, A., and Hara, M.J. "High surface area microporous activated carbons prepared from Fox nut (Euryale ferox) shell by zinc chloride activation", Applied Surface Science, 356, pp. 753-761 (2015).
8. Romanos, J.S., Sweany, T., Rash, L., et al. "Engineered porous carbon for high volumetric methane storage", Adsorption Science & Technology, 32(8), pp. 681-691 (2014).
9. Soodsuansi, C., Kulprathipunja, S., Ratanatawanate, C., et al. "Adsorption of methane and carbon dioxide on activated carbon and ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate framework)", Chemical Engineering Transactions, 70, pp. 1633-1638 (2018).
10. Park, J., Lee, G., Hwang, S., Kim, J., et al. "The effects of methane storage capacity using upgraded activated carbon by KOH", Applied Sciences, 8(9), p. 1596 (2018).
11. Kayal, S., and Chakraborty, A. "Activated carbon (type maxsorb-III) and MIL-101 (Cr) metal organic framework based composite adsorbent for higher CH4 storage and CO2 capture", Chemical Engineering Journal, 334, pp. 780-788 (2018).
12. Gao, A., Guo, N., Yan, M., et al. "Hierarchical porous carbon activated by CaCO3 from pigskin collagen for CO2 and H2 adsorption", Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 260, pp. 172-179 (2018).
13. Bagheri, N., and Abedi, J. "Adsorption of methane on corn cobs based activated carbon", Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 89(10) pp. 2038-2043 (2011).
14. Ybyraiymkul, D., and Ng, K.C. "Experimental and numerical analysis of the influence of thermal control on adsorption and desorption processes in adsorbed natural gas storage", Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal, 18(2), pp. 85-91 (2016).
15. Koonaphapdeelert, S., Moran, J., Aggarangsi, P., et al. "Low pressure biomethane gas adsorption by activated carbon", Energy for Sustainable Development, 43, pp. 196-202 (2018).
16. Feroldi, M., Neves, A.C., Borba, C.E., et al. "Methane storage in activated carbon at low pressure under different temperatures and flow rates of charge", Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, pp. 921-926 (2018).
17. Gonzalez-Dominguez, J.M., Alexandre-Franco, M., Fernandez-Gonzalez, C., et al. "Activated carbon from cherry stones by chemical activation: Influence of the impregnation method on porous structure", Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 37(2), pp. 148-162 (2017).
18. Abdeljaoued, A., Querejeta, N., Duran, I., et al. "Preparation and evaluation of a coconut shell-based activated carbon for CO2/CH4 separation", Energies, 11(7), pp. 1748-1761 (2018).
19. Tang, S., Yao, C.h., Ruzhen, X., et al. "Preparation of activated carbon from corn cob and its adsorption behavior on Cr (VI) removal", Water Science and Technology, 73(11), pp. 2654-2661 (2016).
20. Yuso, D., Martinez, A., Izquierdo, M.T., et al. "Toluene and n-hexane adsorption and recovery behavior on activated carbons derived from almond shell wastes", Fuel Processing Rechnology, 110, p: 1-7 (2013).
21. Omri, A., Benzina, M., and Ammar, N. "Preparation, modification and industrial application of activated carbon from almond shell", Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 19(6), pp. 2092-2099 (2013).
22. Sethupathi, S., Bashir, M.J., Akbar, Z.A., et al. "Biomass-based palm shell activated carbon and palm shell carbon molecular sieve as gas separation adsorbents", Waste Management & Research, 33(4), pp. 303-312 (2015).
23. Koutcheiko, S., McCracken, T., Kung, J., et al. "Production of activated carbon from athabasca oil sands bitumen", Petroleum Science and Technology, 25(9), pp. 1215-1224 (2007).
24. Lua, A.C. and Guo, J. "Microporous oil-palm-shell activated carbon prepared by physical activation for gas-phase adsorption", Langmuir, 17(22), pp. 7112- 7117 (2001).
25. Li, M.S., Wu, S.C., Peng, Y.H., et al. "Adsorption of volatile organic vapors by activated carbon derived from rice husk under various humidity conditions and its statistical evaluation by linear solvation energy relationships", Separation and Purification Technology, 170, pp. 102-108 (2016).
26. Yu, Q., Li, M., Ning, P., et al. "Preparation and phosphine adsorption of activated carbon prepared from walnut shells by KOH chemical activation", Separation Science and Technology, 49(15), pp. 2366-2375 (2014).
27. Zheng-ji, Y., Yao, J., Kuang, Y., et al. "Removal of Pb (II) by adsorption onto Chinese walnut shell activated carbon", Water Science and Technology, 72(6), pp. 983-989 (2015).
28. Zabihi, M., Ahmadpour, A., and Haghighi Asl, A. "Removal of mercury from water by carbonaceous sorbents derived from walnut shell", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 167(1-3), pp. 230-236 (2009).
29. Mataji, M. and Khoshandam, B. "Benzene adsorption on activated carbon from walnut shell", Chemical Engineering Communications, 201(10), pp. 1294-1313 (2014).
30. Nazari, G., Abolghasemi, H., Esmaieli, M., et al. "Aqueous phase adsorption of cephalexin by walnut shell-based activated carbon: A fixed-bed column study", Applied Surface Science, 375, pp. 144-153 (2016).
31. Ding, D., Zhao, Y., Yang, S., et al. "Adsorption of cesium from aqueous solution using agricultural residue- Walnut shell: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic modeling studies", Water Research, 47(7), pp. 2563- 2571 (2013).
32. Cao, J.S., Lin, J.X., Fang, F., et al. "A new absorbent by modifying walnut shell for the removal of anionic dye: kinetic and thermodynamic studies", Bioresource Technology, 163, pp. 199-205 (2014).
33. Basumatary, R., Dutta, P., Prasad, M., et al. "Thermal modeling of activated carbon based adsorptive natural gas storage system", Carbon, 43(3), pp. 541- 549 (2005).
34. Feroldi, M., Neves, A.C., Bach, V.R., et al. "Adsorption technology for the storage of natural gas and biomethane from biogas", International Journal of Energy Research, 40(14), pp. 1890-1900 (2016).
35. Zheng, Y., Li, Q., Yuan, C.Q., et al. "Thermodynamic analysis of high-pressure methane adsorption on coal-based activated carbon", Fuel, 230, pp. 172-184 (2018).
36. Azevedo, D.C., Araujo, J.C.S., Bastos-Neto, M., et al. "Microporous activated carbon prepared from coconut shells using chemical activation with zinc chloride", Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 100(1-3), pp. 361-364 (2007) .
37. Arami-Niya, A., Daud, W.M.A.W., and Mjalli, F.S. "Using granular activated carbon prepared from oil palm shell by ZnCl2 and physical activation for methane adsorption", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 89(2), pp. 197-203 (2010).
38. Sing, K.S.W. "Reporting physisorption data for gas/solid systems with special reference to the determination of surface area and porosity (recommendations 1984)", Pure and Applied Chemistry, 57(4), pp. 603- 619 (1985).
39. Marsh, H. and Rodriguez-Reinonso, F., Activated Carbon, Elsevier Science & Technology Books, Amsterdam, pp. 89-100 (2006). 
40. Lashaki, M.J., Atkinson, J.D., Hashisho, Z., et al. "The role of beaded activated carbon's pore size distribution on heel formation during cyclic adsorption/ desorption of organic vapors", Journal of Hazardous Materials, 315, pp. 42-51 (2016).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 26, Issue 6 - Serial Number 6
Transactions on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (C)
November and December 2019
Pages 3447-3455

Files

Cited by

History

  • Receive Date: 17 September 2018
  • Revise Date: 09 July 2019
  • Accept Date: 14 September 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics