Polygonal tubular linear permanent magnet generator analysis and experimental test

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Department of Electrical, Organized Industrial Zone Vocational High School, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey

2 Gazi University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract

Free piston generators are of interest due to their efficiency,compact construction, homogeneous nature,and multiple options for combustion.Much of the research into this type of generator has been facilitated by highly-developed internal combustion engine technology.This study was concerned with the design and application of tubular generator.The design model was developed using the matrix laboratory graphical user interface (MATLAB GUI) programming tool, and the designed interface was of the dynamic type.The sizing of the generator was determined in accordance with the main parameters specified via the interface. In addition, as a benefit of using sizing data, the automatic geometry was formed and analyzed using ANSYS Maxwell software.The magnets and the dynamic part of the tubular-structured generator were shaped polygonally.Numerical analyses were made by adopting the finite element method in the software, and construction of the prototype model was based on the results from these findings.The generator was excited by use of the crank rod mechanism to imitate the conditions of a functioning free piston mechanism.Current and voltage values were obtained at mechanical frequencies of 10Hz and 20Hz, and this data was subsequently analyzed.Global code translation was given in attachment in order to allow communication between the ANSYS Maxwell and MATLAB GUI software.

Keywords

Main Subjects


References:
1. Aichlmayr, H.T. "Design considerations, modeling,and analysis of micro-homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion free-piston engines", PhD Thesis, Minnesota, USA (2002).
2. Mikalsen, R. and Roskilly, A.P. "A review of freepiston engine history and applications", Applied Thermal Engineering, 27(14), pp. 2339-2352 (2007).
3. Cawthorne, W.R., Famouri, P., Chen, J., et al. "Development of a linear alternator-engine for hybrid electric vehicle applications", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 48(6), pp. 1797-1802 (1999).
4. Houdyschell, D. "A diesel two-stroke linear engine", Master Thesis, West Virginia, USA (2000).
5. Blarigan, V.P., Paradiso, N., and Goldsborough, S. "Homogeneous charge compression ignition with a free piston: a new approach to ideal otto cycle performance", SAE Technical Paper, Series 982484, pp. 89- 106 (1998).
6. Blarigan, P.V. "Advanced internal combustion electrical generator", Proceedings of the 2002 U.S. Hydrogen Program Review, Colorado (2002).
7. Abidin, E.Z.Z., Ibrahim, A.A., Aziz, A.R.A., et al. "Investigation of starting behaviour of a free-piston linear generator", Journal of Applied Sciences, 12(24), pp. 2592-2597 (2012).
8. Woo, Y., Lee, Y., and Lee, Y. "The performance characteristics of a hydrogen-fuelled free piston internal combustion engine and linear generator system", International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 4(1), pp. 36-41 (2009).
9. Nemecek, P. and Vysoky, O. "Control of two-stroke free-piston generator", In Proceeding of the 6th Asian Control Conference, Indonesia (2006).
10. Max, E. "FPEC, free piston energy converter", in Proc. of EVS 21, Monaco (2005).
11. Vysok, O. "Linear combustion engine as main energy unit for hybrid vehicles", Proceedings of Transtec Prague, Czech (2007).
12. Kock, F., Heron, A., Rinderknecht, F., et al. "Der reikolbenLineargenerator Potenziale und Herausforderungen", MTZ - Motortechnische Zeitschrift, 74(10), pp. 774-779 (2013).
13. Kosaka, H., Akita, T., Moriya, K., et al. "Development of free piston engine linear generator system part 1 - investigation of fundamental characteristics", SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition, Michigan (2014).
14. Goto, S., Moriya, K., Kosaka, H., et al. "Development of free piston engine linear generator system part 2 - investigation of control system for generator", SAE 2014 World Congress & Exhibition, Michigan (2014).
15. "Free-piston power generator", [Online], Available: http://www.beetron.ch (2018).
16. "Free piston engine development", [Online], Available: http://www.libertine.co.uk (2019).
17. "Aquarius Engines' free-piston linear generator", [Online], Available: https://www.greencarcongress.com/ 2016/07/20160721-aquarius.html (2018).
18. Jiabin, W., Weiya, W., Atallah, K., et al. "Design considerations for tubular flux-switching permanent magnet machines", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44(11) pp. 4026-4032 (2008).
19. Arshad, W.M., Thelin, P., Backstrom, T., et al. "Use of transverse-flux machines in a free-piston generator", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 40(4), pp. 1092-1100 (2004).
20. Arslan, S., Gurdal, O., and Oy, A.S. "Communication of matlab gui and ansys maxwell: an education tool for tubular linear generator", J. Fundam. Appl. Sci., 11(1), pp. 117-141 (2019).
21. Darijani, H. and Panahi, A. "On a conceptual method for the extraction of wind energy using airfoil and linear generator", Scientia Iranica (B), 24(2), pp. 597- 609 (2017).
22. Youn, S.W., Lee, J.J., Yoon, H.S., et al. "A new cogging-free permanent-magnet linear motor", IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 44(7), pp. 1785-1790 (2008).
23. Arshad, W.M., Backstrom, T., Thelin, P., et al. "Integrated free-piston generators: an overview", IEEE Norpie-02 Conference, Sweden (2002).
24. Bianchi, N., Bolognani, S., Corte, D.D., et al. "Tubular linear permanent magnet motors: an overall comparison", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 39(2), pp. 466-475 (2003).
25. Arshad, W.M., Sadarangani, C., Backstrom, T., et al. "Finding an appropriate electrical machine for a free piston generator", 19th Electrical Vehicle Symposium (EVS), Korea (2002).
26. Jung, I.S., Yoon, S.B., Shim, J.H., et al. "Analysis of forces in a short primary type and a short secondary type permanent magnet linear synchronous motor", IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 14(4), pp. 1265-1270 (1999).
27. Arof, H., Eid, A.M., and Nor, K.M. "Permanent magnet linear generator design using finite element method", ICEEC'04 International Conference In Electrical- Electronic and Computer Engineering, Cairo (2004).
28. Chen, A., Arshad, W.M., Thelin, P., et al. "Analysis and optimization of a longitudinal flux linear actuator for hybrid electric vehicle applications", IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion, Paris (2004).
29. Ribeiro, J. and Martins, I. "Development of a low speed linear generator for use in a wave energy converter", Renewable Energy & Power Quality Journal, 1(8), pp. 252-257 (2010).
30. Oprea, C.A., Martis, C.S., Jurca, F.N., et al. "Permanent magnet linear generator for renewable energy applications: Tubular vs. four-sided structures", International Conference In Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), Ischia (2011).
31. Arslan, S. and Oy, A.S. "Design and optimization of tube type interior permanent magnets generator for free piston applications", TEM Journal, 6(2), pp. 214- 221 (2017).
32. Arslan, S., Gurdal, O., and Akkaya Oy, S. "Design and optimization of tubular linear permanent-magnet generator
with performance improvement using response surface methodology and multi-objective genetic algorithm", Scientia Iranica, 27(6), pp. 3053-3065 (2020).
33. Arslan, S., Gurdal, O., and Oy, A.S. "The determination of effects of primary and secondary geometry of tubular linear generator", IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 12(1), pp. 6-11 (2017).
34. Arslan, S. "Design and application of tubular type linear generator", PhD Thesis, Ankara, Turkey (2017).
35. Abbaszadeh, K. and Rahimi, A. "Analytical quasi 3D modeling of an axial flux PM motor with static eccentricity fault", Scientia Iranica, D, 22(6), pp. 2482-2491 (2015).
36. Boldea, I., Linear Electric Machines, Drives, and MAGLEVs Handbook, Boca Raton: CRC Press, pp. 1-660 (2013).
37. Abdalla, I.I., Ibrahim, T., and Nor, N.M. "Minimization of eddy-current loss in a permanent-magnet tubular linear motor", International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 7(3), pp. 964-970 (2017).
38. Hong, S.K., Choi, H.Y., Lim, J.W., et al. "Analysis of tubular-type linear generator for free-piston engine", Renewable Energies and Power Quality Journal, 1(5), pp. 719-722 (2007).
39. Lim, J., Hong, S.K., and Jung, H.K. "Design and analysis of 5 kw class tubular type linear generator for free-piston engine", International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 35(4), pp. 231-240 (2011).
40. Tatarnikov, A.P., Lezhnev, L.Y., Khripach, N.A., et al. "Two stroke direct fuel inject free piston generator from theory to practice", ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(23), pp. 13486-13496 (2016).
41. Mahadi, W.N.L. and Adi, S.R. "Application of Nd2Fe14B magnet in the linear generator design", International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(2), pp. 175-184 (2007).
42. Wang, J., West, M., Howe, D., et al. "Design and experimental verification of a linear permanent magnet generator for a free-piston energy converter", IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 22(2), pp. 299- 306 (2007).
43. Zulkifli, S.A., Karsiti, M.N., and Aziz, A.R.A. "Starting of a free-piston linear engine-generator by mechanical resonance and rectangular current commutation", In Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin (2008).
44. Eid, A.M., Suh, K.Y., Choi, K.J., et al. "A unique starting scheme of linear-engine tubular PM linear generator system using position feedback controlled PWM inverter", 37th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Jeju (2006).
45. Rinderknecht, F. and Herzog, H.G. "Calculation of a linear generator for a hybrid vehicle concept", XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), Rome (2010).
46. Abdalla, I., Ramlan, N.A., Aziz, A.R.A., et al. "Free piston linear generator for low grid power generation", In MATEC Web of Conferences, 131, pp. 1-12 (2017).
47. Sun, P., Zhang, C., Chen, J., et al. "Decoupling design and verification of a free-piston linear generator", Energies, 9(12), pp. 1-23 (2016).
48. Pavelka, J. "Analysis of combustion engine-electric linear generator set operation", 13th In Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Poznan (2008).
49. Arof, H. and Ping, H.W. "Analysis of magnetic field distribution of a cylindrical discrete Halbach permanent magnet linear generator", IET Electric Power Applications, 4(8), pp. 629-636 (2010).
50. Rerkpreedapong, D. "Field analysis and design of a moving iron linear alternator for use with linear engine", PhD Thesis, West Virginia, USA (1999).
51. Xu, Z. and Chang, S. "Improved moving coil electric machine for internal combustion linear generator", IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 25(2), pp. 281-286 (2010).