Pulsed Nd: YAG laser dissimilar welding of Ti/Al3105 alloys

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 a. Department of Material Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq. b. Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Material Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq.

4 Iranian National Center for Laser Science and Technology (INLC), Tehran, Iran

5 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Overlapped strips of titanium grade 2 and aluminum 3105-O alloy were welded together by an innovative spot-like pulse laser procedure. The tactile seam tracking on ring paths yielded reliable weld fit-up of 1 and 0.5 mm thickness strips. Since the welding parameters of Ti-Al were narrow, three welding speeds of 4, 5 and 6.67 mm•s-1 were chosen for the pretest conditions. The microstructural investigations showed that intermetallic compound Ti3Al, formed in Ti-rich fusion zone. Cracks formed in the Al-rich fusion zone as a result of TiAl3 precipitation. Dimple fracture occurred at 6.67 mm•s-1 welding speed. Longer mixing time at Ti-Al interface occurred at lower welding speeds of 4 and 5 mm•s-1, which led to the formation of thicker intermetallic compounds and more massive crack generation. It also increases the hardness of the fusion zone and results in brittle fracture type during the tensile test. The highest strength was achieved with a welding speed of 4 mm•s-1 which was a result of more massive weld nugget and lower porosity.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1. Moller, F., Grden, M., Thomy, C., and Vollertsen, F. Combined laser beam welding and brazing process for aluminium titanium hybrid structures", Phys. Procedia, 12(Part 1), pp. 215{223 (2011). 2. Zhu, Z., Lee, K.Y., and Wang, X. Ultrasonic welding of dissimilar metals, AA6061 and Ti6Al4V", Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 59(5{8), pp. 569{574 (2012). 3. Sohn, W.H., Bong, H.H., and Hong, S.H. Microstructure and bonding mechanism of Al/Ti bonded joint using Al-10Si-1Mg _ller metal", Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 355(1{2), pp. 231{240 (2003). 4. Kahraman, N., Gulenc, B., and Findik, F. Corrosion and mechanical-microstructural aspects of dissimilar joints of Ti-6Al-4V and Al plates", Int. J. Impact Eng., 34(8), pp. 1423{1432 (2007). 5. Cao, R., Sun, J.H., and Chen, J.H. Mechanisms of joining aluminium A6061-T6 and titanium Ti-6Al-4V alloys by cold metal transfer technology", Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 18(5), pp. 425{433 (2013). 6. Cao, X., Wallace, W., Immarigeon, J.-P., and Poon, C. Research and progress in laser welding of wrought aluminum alloys. II. Metallurgical microstructures, defects, and mechanical properties", Mater. Manuf. Process., 18(1), pp. 23{49 (2003). 7. Costa, A., Miranda, R., Quintino, L., and Yapp, D. Analysis of beam material interaction in welding of titanium with _ber lasers", Mater. Manuf. Process., 22(7{8), pp. 798{803 (2007). 8. Das, S. The Al-O-Ti (aluminum-oxygen-titanium) system", J. Phase Equilibria, 23(6), pp. 525{536 (2002). 9. Majumdar, B., Galun, R., Weisheit, A., and Mordike, B.L. Formation of a crack-free joint between Ti alloy and Al alloy by using a high-power CO2 laser", J. Mater. Sci., 32(23), pp. 6191{6200 (1997). 10. Wei, S., Li, Y., Wang, J., and Liu, K. Use of weldingbrazing technology on microstructural development of titanium/aluminum dissimilar joints", Mater. Manuf. Process., 29(8), pp. 961{968 (2014). 11. Mitelea, I., Groza, C., and Craciunescu, C.M. Pulsed laser processing of dissimilar Ti-6Al-4V and X5CrNi18- 10 joints", Mater. Manuf. Process., 29(8), pp. 975{979 (2014). 12. Katayama, S., Handbook of Laser Welding Technologies, 1st Edn., Wood Head Publishing, Cambridge (2013). 13. Pascu, A., Stanciu, E.M., Voiculescu, I., T_ ierean, M.H., Roat_a, I.C., and Oca~na, J.L. Chemical and A.A. Shehab et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions B: Mechanical Engineering 27 (2020) 1982{1994 1993 mechanical characterization of AISI 304 and AISI 1010 laser welding", Mater. Manuf. Process., 31(3), pp. 311{318 (2016). 14. Subashini, L., Prabhakar, K.V.P., Gundakaram, R.C., Ghosh, S., and Padmanabham, G. Single pass laserarc hybrid welding of maraging steel thick sections", Mater. Manuf. Process., 31(16), pp. 2186{2198 (2016). 15. Mirshekari, G.R., Saatchi, A., Kermanpur, A., and Sadrnezhaad, S.K. E_ect of post weld heat treatment on mechanical and corrosion behaviors of NiTi and stainless steel laser-welded wires", J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 25(6), pp. 2395{2402 (2016). 16. Mirshekari, G.R., Kermanpur, A., Saatchi, A., Sadrnezhaad, S.K., and Soleymani, A.P. Microstructure, cyclic deformation and corrosion behavior of laser welded NiTi shape memory wires", J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 24(9), pp. 3356{3364 (2015). 17. Mirshekari, G.R., Saatchi, A., Kermanpur, A., and Sadrnezhaad, S.K. Laser welding of NiTi shape memory alloy: Comparison of the similar and dissimilar joints to AISI 304 stainless steel", Opt. Laser Technol., 54, pp. 151{158 (2013). 18. Chen, S., Yang, D., Li, M., Zhang, Y., Huang, J., Yang, J., and Zhao, X. Laser penetration welding of an overlap titanium-on-aluminum con_guration", Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 87(9{12), pp. 3069{3079 (2016). 19. Kreimeyer, M., Wagner, F., and Vollertsen, F. Laser processing of aluminum-titanium-tailored blanks", Opt. Lasers Eng., 43(9), pp. 1021{1035 (2005). 20. Tomashchuk, I., Sallamand, P., Cicala, E., Peyre, P., and Grevey, D. Direct keyhole laser welding of aluminum alloy AA5754 to titanium alloy Ti6Al4V", J. Mater. Process. Technol., 217, pp. 96{104 (2015). 21. Chelladurai, A.M., Gopal, K.A., Murugan, S., Venugopal, S., and Jayakumar, T. Energy transfer modes in pulsed laser seam welding", Mater. Manuf. Process., 30(2), pp. 162{168 (2015). 22. Sahu, J.K., Sahoo, C.K., and Masanta, M. In-Situ TiB2-TiC-Al2O3 composite coating on aluminum by laser surface modi_cation", Mater. Manuf. Process., 30(6), pp. 736{742 (2015). 23. Chen, Y., Chen, S., and Li, L. Inuence of interfacial reaction layer morphologies on crack initiation and propagation in Ti/Al joint by laser welding-brazing", Mater. Des., 31(1), pp. 227{233 (2010). 24. Vaidya, W.V., Horstmann, M., Ventzke, V., Petrovski, B., Ko_cak, M., Kocik, R., and Tempus, G. Improving interfacial properties of a laser beam welded dissimilar joint of aluminium AA6056 and titanium Ti6Al4V for aeronautical applications", J. Mater. Sci., 45(22), pp. 6242{6254 (2010). 25. ASM Handbook, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials, 2, ASM International, Geauga County, Ohio, USA (1990). 26. Tadamalle, A.P., Reddy, Y.P., and Ramjee, E. Inuence of laser welding process parameters on weld pool geometry and duty cycle", Adv. Prod. Eng. Manag., 8(1), pp. 52{60 (2013). 27. Azadi Moghaddam, M., Golmezerji, R., and Kolahan, F. Simultaneous optimization of joint edge geometry and process parameters in gas metal arc welding using integrated ANN-PSO approach", Sci. Iran., B, 24(1), pp. 260{273 (2017). 28. Torkamany, M.J., Malek Ghaini, F., and Poursalehi, R. Dissimilar pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of pure niobium to Ti-6Al-4V", Mater. Des., 53, pp. 915{920 (2014). 29. Torkamany, M.J., Tahamtan, S., and Sabbaghzadeh, J. Dissimilar welding of carbon steel to 5754 aluminum alloy by Nd:YAG pulsed laser", Mater. Des., 31(1), pp. 458{465 (2010). 30. Tzeng, Y.-F. Process characterisation of pulsed Nd:YAG laser seam welding", Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 16(1), pp. 10{18 (2000). 31. Torkamany, M.J., Sabbaghzadeh, J., and Hamedi, M.J. E_ect of laser welding mode on the microstructure and mechanical performance of dissimilar laser spot welds between low carbon and austenitic stainless steels", Mater. Des., 34, pp. 666{672 (2012). 32. Kim, T., Ha, K.H., and Chu, C.N. E_ects of material combination on laser beam drilling of a metal foil using a cover plate", Mater. Manuf. Process., 32(6), pp. 631{ 637 (2017). 33. Kalaiselvan, K., Elango, A., and Nagarajan, N. Studies on weldment structure in Ti/Al dissimilar metal joints using Laser beam welding", International Journal of Innovation and Scienti_c Research, 21(2), pp. 301{309 (2016). 34. Torkamany, M.J., Hamedi, M.J., Malek, F., and Sabbaghzadeh, J. The e_ect of process parameters on keyhole welding with a 400 W Nd: YAG pulsed laser", J. Phys. D. Appl. Phys., 39(21), pp. 4563{4567 (2006). 35. Ion, J.C., Laser Processing of Engineering Materials: Principles, Procedure and Industrial Application, Elsevier, Oxford, England (2005). 36. Ready, J.F., Farson, D.F., and Feeley, T., LIA Handbook of Laser Materials Processing, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (2001). 37. Chen, S.H., Li, L.Q., and Chen, Y.B. Interfacial reaction mode and its inuence on tensile strength in laser joining Al alloy to Ti alloy", Mater. Sci. Technol., 26(2), pp. 230{235 (2010). 38. Chen, D.-C., Chang, D.-Y., Chen, F.-H., and Kuo, T.- Y. Application of ductile fracture criterion for tensile test of zirconium alloy 702", Sci. Iran., 25(2), pp. 824{ 829 (2018).
Scientia Iranica
Volume 27, Issue 4
Transactions on Mechanical Engineering (B)
July and August 2020
Pages 1982-1994

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics