Ti6Al4V coating with B2O3 and Al2O3 containing hydroxyapatite by HVOF technique

Document Type : Article

Authors

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Afyon Kocatepe, 03200 Afyon, Turkey.

Abstract

Calcium phosphate (Ca-P) based bioceramics has proved to be alluring materials for biomedical applications. Among these, particular attention has been given to hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Due to its favorable some physical, mechanical, chemical properties and biocompatibility, HA-coated Ti6Al4V alloy has been approved as one of the most interesting implant materials for orthopedic and dental applications. High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) is a method used to coat hydroxyapatite (HA) on metallic implants such as titanium (Ti) and its alloy (Ti6Al4V). In this work decreasing the crack occurrence and increasing adhesion strength were investigated. For this purpose, sol-gel synthesized nano sized HA, alumina (Al2O3) and Boron oxide (B2O3) powders were produced. First, a series of HA/Al2O3 HA/B2O3 coatings have been deposited on Ti6Al4V substrate by HVOF method. All specimens’ surfaces were used to characterize by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Adhesion strength of the samples was found to affect with increasing amount of Al2O3 and B2O3 in HA. Furthermore, water contact angles of coating layer were decreased with increasing amount of Al2O3 and B2O3 in HA. This coating surface was expected to combine the advantages of Ca-P (osseointegration) and adhesion strength.

Keywords

Main Subjects


References:
1. Si, D., Introduction to Biomaterials, Tsinghua University Press, China (2005).
2. Nakai, M., Niinomi, M., Hieda, J., Yilmazer, H., and Todaka, Y. "Heterogeneous grain refinement of biomedical Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy through highpressure torsion", Sci. Iran. Trans. F, 20(3), pp. 1067- 1070 (2013).
3. Okulov, I.V., Okulov, A.V., Soldatov, I.V., Luthringer, B., Willumeit-Romer, R., Wada, T., Kato, H., Weissmuller, J., and Markmann, J. "Open porous dealloying-based biomaterials as a novel biomaterial platform", Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 88, pp. 95-103 (2018).
4. Jin, W. and Chu, P.K. "Surface functionalization of biomaterials by plasma and ion beam", Surf. Coat. Technol., 336, pp. 2-8 (2018).
5. Wen, C., Surface Coating and Modification of Metallic Biomaterials, Elsevier, UK (2015).
6. Gozalian, A., Behnamghader, A., Daliri, M., and Moshkforoush, A. "Synthesis and thermal behavior of Mg-doped calcium phosphate nanopowders via the sol gel method", Sci. Iran. Trans. F, 18(6), pp. 1614-1622 (2011).
7. Shahi, S., and Karbasi, S. "Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of B-tri-calcium phosphate/poly-3-hydroxybutyrate nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering application", Sci. Iran., 24(3), pp. 1654-1668 (2017).
8. Teng, H.P., Lin, H.Y., Huang, Y.H., and Lu, F.H., "Formation of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite coatings on bulk Ti and TiN-coated substrates by plasma electrolytic oxidation", Surf. Coat. Technol., 350, pp. 1112-1119 (2018).
9. Furko, M., Havasi, V., Konya, Z., Grunewald, A., Detsch, R., Boccaccini, A.R., and Balazsi, C. "Development and characterization of multi-element doped hydroxyapatite bioceramic coatings on metallic implants for orthopedic applications", Bol. Soc. Esp. Ceram. Vidr, 57(2), pp. 55-65 (2018).
10. Kitsugi, T., Nakamura, T., Yamamuro, T., Kokubo, T., Shinbuya, T., and Takagi, T. "SEM-EPMA observation of three types of apatite-containing glassceramics implanted in bone: the variance of a Ca-Prich layer", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 21, pp. 1255-1271 (1987).
11. Park, J. and Ozturk, A. "Bioactivity of apatitewollastonite glass-ceramics produced by melt casting", Surf. Rev. Lett., 20(1), pp. 1350010-1350017 (2013).
12. Afzal, M.A.F., Kesarwani, P., Reddy, K.M., Kalmodia, S., Basu, B., and Balani, K. "Functionally graded hydroxyapatite-alumina-zirconia biocomposite: Synergy of toughness and biocompatibility", Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 32(5), pp. 1164-1173 (2012).
13. Evcin, A., Coskun, S., and ve Koyas, S. "The production and characterization of bioceramic powders incorporated by ZrO2 and Al2O3", 12th International Materials Symposium, 15-17 October 2008, Pamukkale University, Denizli, pp. 1380-1386 (2008).
14. Harabi, A., Guerfa, F., Harabi, E., Benhassine, M.T., Foughali, L., and Zaiou, S. "Preparation and characterization of new dental porcelains, using K-feldspar and quartz raw materials. Effect of B2O3 additions on sintering and mechanical properties", Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 65(1), pp. 33-42 (2016).
15. Wu, Z.J., He, L.P., and Chen, Z.Z. "Fabrication and characterization of hydroxyapatite/Al2O3 biocomposite coating on titanium", Trans Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 16(2), pp. 259-266 (2006).
16. Gunen, A. "Micro-abrasion wear behavior of thermalspray- coated steel tooth drill bits", Acta Phys. Pol. A, 130, p. 217 (2016).
17. Park, S.Y. and Choe, H.C. "Mn-coatings on the micropore formed Ti-29Nb-xHf alloys by RF-magnetron sputtering for dental applications", Appl. Surf. Sci., 432, B, pp. 278-284 (2018).
18. Hristu, R., Stanciu, S.G., Tranca, D.E., and Stanciu G.A. "Electron beam influence on the carbon contamination of electron irradiated hydroxyapatite thin films", Appl. Surf. Sci., 346, pp. 342-347 (2015).
19. Trujillo, C.D., Peon, E., Chicardi, E., Perez, H., and Torres, Y. "Sol-gel deposition of hydroxyapatite coatings on porous titanium for biomedical applications", Surf. Coat. Technol., 333, pp. 158-162 (2018).
20. Rad, M.F. "Effect of morphology on the electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles", J. Alloys Compd., 741, pp. 211-222 (2018).
21. Suresh, M.B., Biswas, P., Mahender, V., and Johnson, R. "Comparative evaluation of electrical conductivity of hydroxyapatite ceramics densified through ramp and hold, spark plasma and post sinter Hot Isostatic Pressing routes", Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 70(1), pp. 364- 370 (2017).
22. Shen, S., Cai, S., Bao, X., Xu, P., and Xu, G. "Biomimetic  fluoridated hydroxyapatite coating with micron/nano-topography on magnesium alloy for orthopaedic application", Chem. Eng. J., 339, pp. 7-13 (2018).
23. Wang, D.G., Chen, C.Z., Yang, X.X., Ming, X.C., and Zhang, W.L. "Effect of bioglass addition on the properties of HA/BG composite films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition", Ceram. Int., 44(12), pp. 14528-14533 (2018).
24. Yoshinari, M., Ohtsuka, Y., and Derand, T. "Thin hydroxyapatite coating produced by the ion beam dynamic mixing method", Biomaterials, 15(7), pp. 529-535 (1994).
25. Gharazi, S., Ershad-Langroudi, A., and Rahimi, A. "The influence of silica synthesis on the morphology of hydrophilic nanocomposite coating", Sci Iran, Trans F, 18(3), pp. 785-789 (2011).
26. Rabiei, A., Thomas, B., Jin, C., Narayan, R., Cuomo, J., Yang, Y., and Ong J.L. "A study on functionally graded HA coatings processed using ion beam assisted deposition with in situ heat treatment", Surf. Coat. Technol, 200(20-21), pp. 6111-6116 (2006).
27. Pillai, R.S., Frasnelli, M., and Sglavo, V.M. "HA/fi- TCP plasma sprayed coatings on Ti substrate for biomedical applications", Ceram. Int., 44(2), pp. 1328- 1333 (2018).
28. Candidato Jr., R.T., Soko lowski, P., Paw lowski L., Nana G.L., Constantinescu C., Denoirjean A. "Development of hydroxyapatite coatings by solution precursor plasma spray process and their microstructural Characterization", Surf. Coat. Technol, 318, pp. 39-49 (2017).
29. Surmenev, R.A., Surmeneva, M.A., Grubova, I.Y., Chernozem, R.V., and Epple M. "RF magnetron sputtering of a hydroxyapatite target: A comparison study on polytetra fluorethylene and titanium substrates", Appl. Surf. Sci., 414, pp. 335-344 (2017).
30. Chen, Z., Liu, Y., Mao, L., Gong, L., Sun, W., and Feng L. "Effect of cation doping on the structure of hydroxyapatite and the mechanism of defluoridation", Ceram. Int., 44, pp. 6002-6009 (2018).
31. Barooghi, B., Sheikhi, M., and Amiri, A. "Effect of processing time on microstructure of surface and corrosion resistance of coatings resulted by plasma electrolytic oxidation on titanium alloy in hydroxyapatite nano-particles electrolyte", Sci Iran, Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript , Available Online from 24 Sep. 2018.
32. Kulpetchdara, K., Limpichaipanit, A., Rujijanagul, G., Randorn, C., and Chokethawai K. "Influence of the nano hydroxyapatite powder on thermally sprayed HA coatings onto stainless steel", Surf. Coat. Technol., 306, Part A, pp. 181-186 (2016).
33. Evcin, A. and Bohur, B. "Coating of different silica sources containing hydroxyapatite for Ti6Al4V metal substrate using HVOF technique", 4th International Conference on Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering (ICCESEN-2017), Antalya-Turkey, p. 726 (2017).
34. Melero, H., Fargas, G., Garcia-Giralt, N., Fernandez J., and Guilemany, J.M. "Mechanical performance of bioceramic coatings obtained by high-velocity oxy-fuel spray for biomedical purposes", Surf. Coat. Technol., 42, pp. 92-9915 (2014).
35. Kawakita, J., Kuroda, S., Fukushima, T., and Kodama, T. "Development of dense corrosion resistant coatings by an improved HVOF spraying process", Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 4(4), pp. 281-289 (2003).
36. Yadaw, R.C., Singh, S.K., Chattopadhyaya, S., Kumar S., and Singh R.C. "Tribological behavior of thin film coating-a review", International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3), pp. 1656-1663 (2018).
37. Wang, D.G., Ming, X.C., Zhang, W.L., Zhang, J.H., Chen, C.Z. "Effect of heat treatment on the properties of HA/BG composite films", Ceram. Int., 44(6), pp. 7228-7233 (2018).
38. Albayrak,  O. "Structural and mechanical characterization of boron doped biphasic calcium phosphate produced by wet chemical method and subsequent thermal treatment", Mater Charact, 113, pp. 82-89 (2016).
39. Khaleghpanah, S., Abachi, P., and Dolati, A. "The effect of current density on microstructural homogeneity, hardness, fracture toughness and electrochemical behavior of electrodeposited Cu-0.5Co/WC nanocomposite coating", Sci. Iran., 24(6), pp. 3505-3511 (2017).
40. Yuan, Q., Xu, A., Zhang, Z., Chen, Z., Wan, L., Shi, X., Lin, S., Yuan, Z., Deng, L. "Bioactive silver doped hydroxyapatite composite coatings on metal substrates: Synthesis and characterization", Mater. Chem. Phys., 218, pp. 130-139 (2018).
41. Baradaran, S., Tabrizi, B.N., Shirazi, F.S., Samandari, S.S., Shahtalebi, S., and Basirun, W.J. "Wet chemistry approach to the preparation of tantalum-doped hydroxyapatite: Dopant content effects", Ceram Int., 44(3), pp. 2768-2781 (2018).
42. Kokubo, T., Kushitani, H., Sakka, S., Kitsugi, T., and Yamamuro, T. "Solutions able to reproduce in vivo surface-structure changes in bioactive glass-ceramic AW", J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 24, pp. 721-734 (1990).