Water flow stabilization using submerged weir for draft-tube reaction hydraulic turbine

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

2 Sustainable Developments in Civil Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ton Duc Thang University, HoChi Minh City, Vietnam.

Abstract

In turbine practice engineering, draft tube downstream running under extreme water flow pressure and velocity. This is causing a vibrations and pressure variation during different operation frequencies. The practical challenge of obtaining a stabilized water flow is ongoing domain of research. In this paper, a proposition of initiating submerged weir in the downstream of draft tube reaction turbine is inspected. The main goal of this research is to reduce the water flow pressure variation, velocity and shear distribution in accordance to the upstream water level influence. Two types of turbines including vertical Kaplan and Francis turbine units are examined. ANSYS CFX software tool is used to build three-dimension (3D) numerical models for the Kaplan and Francis turbines with building a submerged weir at the outlet of the draft tubes at three deferent height suggestions. The influence of the proposed submerged weir is studied the flow through these turbines by considering the dimensions of their components including the penstock with inlets, spiral casing, shafts and blades, and the draft tube with outlets. The findings of this research were tremendous proposition to solve the problem of negative pressure pulsation in draft tube of Kaplan and Francis turbines types.

Keywords

Main Subjects


References:
1. Pennacchi, P., Borghesani, P., and Chatterton, S.  A cyclostationary multi-domain analysis of  fluid instability in Kaplan turbines", Mech. Syst. Signal Process, 60, pp. 375-390 (2015).
2. Kumar, P., Saini, R.P., Study of Cavitation in Hydro Turbines-A Review (2010).
3. Dixon, S.L. and Hall, C.A. "Hydraulic turbines", In: Chapter 9, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Turbomachinery, pp. 361-418 (2014).
4. Grassmann, H. and Ganis, M.L. "On partially static Kaplan turbines", Renew. Energy, 30, pp. 179-186 (2005).
5. Luo, H.P. and Al-Dahhan, M.H. "Verification and validation of CFD simulations for local  flow dynamics in a draft tube airlift bioreactor", Chem. Eng. Sci., 66, pp. 907-923 (2011).
6. Fu, T., Deng, Z.D., Duncan, J.P., Zhou, D., Carlson, T.J., Johnson, G.E., and Hou, H. "Assessing hydraulic conditions through Francis turbines using an autonomous sensor device", Renew. Energy, 99, pp. 1244-1252 (2016).
7. Glatzel, T., Litterst, C., Cupelli, C., Lindemann, T., Moosmann, C., Niekrawietz, R., Streule, W., Zengerle, R., and Koltay, P. "Computational  fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for micro fluidic applications - A case study", Comput. Fluids, 37, pp. 218-235 (2008).
8. Wang, Z.J. "High-order computational  fluid dynamics tools for aircraft design", Philos. Trans. A. Math. Phys. Eng., Sci., 372, p. 20130318 (2014).
9. Lomax, H., Pulliam, T., Zingg, D., and Kowalewski, T. "Fundamentals of computational  fluid dynamics", Appl. Mech. Rev., 55, p. B61 (2002).
10. Thapa, B.S., Thapa, B., and Dahlhaug, O.G. "Empirical modelling of sediment erosion in Francis turbines", Energy, 41, pp. 386-391 (2012).
11. Stein, P., Sick, M., Dorfler, P., White, P., and Braune, A. "Numerical simulation of the cavitating draft tube vortex in a Francis turbine", In: 23rd IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems, October 17-21, p. 4711 (2006).
12. Iliescu, M.S., Ciocan, G.D., and Avellan, F. "Analysis of the cavitating draft tube vortex in a Francis turbine using particle image velocimetry measurements in twophase flow", J. Fluids Eng., 130, p. 21105 (2008).
13. Jost, D. and Lipej, A. "Numerical prediction of noncavitating and cavitating vortex rope in a Francis turbine draft tube", Stroj Vestnik/Journal Mech. Eng., 57, pp. 445-456 (2011).
14. Zhang, H. and Zhang, L. "Numerical simulation of cavitating turbulent flow in a high head Francis turbine at part load operation with OpenFOAM", Procedia Eng., 31, pp. 156-165 (2012).
15. Qian, Z.D., Yang, J.D., and Huai, W.X. "Numerical simulation and analysis of pressure pulsation in Francis hydraulic turbine with air admission", Journal of Hydrodynamics, Ser. B, 19(4), pp. 467-472 (2007).
16. Anup, K.C., Thapa, B., and Lee, Y.H. "Transient numerical analysis of rotor-stator interaction in a Francis turbine", Renew. Energy, 65, pp. 227-235 (2014).
17. Luna-Ramirez, A., Campos-Amezcua, A., Dorantes-Gomez, O., Mazur-Czerwiec, Z., and Munoz-Quezada, R. "Failure analysis of runner blades in a Francis hydraulic turbine - Case study", Eng. Fail. Anal, 59, pp. 314-325 (2016).
18. Landry, C., Favrel, A., Muller, A., Nicolet, C., and Avellan, F. "Local wave speed and bulk flow viscosity in Francis turbines at part load operation", J. Hydraul. Res., 54, pp. 185-196 (2016).
19. Trivedi, C., Cervantes, M.J., Gandhi, B.K., and Dahlhaug, O.G. "Experimental and numerical studies for a high head Francis turbine at several operating points", J. Fluids Eng., 135, p. 111102 (2013).
20. Gebreslassie, M.G., Tabor, G.R., and Belmont, M.R. "Numerical simulation of a new type of cross flow tidal turbine using OpenFOAM - Part II: Investigation of turbine-to-turbine interaction", Renew. Energy, 50, pp. 1005-1013 (2013).
21. Negru, R., Muntean, S., Marsavina, L., Susan-Resiga, R., and Pasca, N. "Computation of stress distribution in a Francis turbine runner induced by fluid flow", In: Computational Materials Science, pp. 253-259 (2012).
22. Minakov, A.V., Platonov, D.V., Dekterev, A.A., Sentyabov, A.V., and Zakharov, A.V. "The numerical simulation of low frequency pressure pulsations in the high-head Francis turbine", Comput. Fluids, 111, pp. 197-205 (2015).
23. Trivedi, C., Cervantes, M.J., and Gunnar Dahlhaug, O. "Numerical techniques applied to hydraulic turbines: A perspective review", Appl. Mech. Rev., 68, p. 10802 (2016). DOI: 10.1115/1.4032681.
24. Ko, P. and Kurosawa, S. "Numerical simulation of turbulence flow in a Kaplan turbine -Evaluation on turbine performance prediction accuracy", IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., 22, pp. 1-10 (2014).
25. Javadi, A. and Nilsson, H. "Unsteady numerical simulation of the flow in the U9 Kaplan turbine model", 27th IAHR Symp. Hydraul. Mach. Syst., 22, pp. 1-9 (2014).
26. Favrel, A., Muller, A., Landry, C., Yamamoto, K., and Avellan, F. "Study of the vortex-induced pressure excitation source in a Francis turbine draft tube by particle image velocimetry", Exp. Fluids, 56, pp. 1-15 (2015).
27. Mo, Z., Xiao, J., andWang, G. "Numerical research on flow characteristics around a hydraulic turbine runner at small opening of cylindrical valve", Math. Probl. Eng., 2016, Article ID: 6951839, 8 pages (2016).
28. Hou, C. "Three-dimensional numerical analysis of flow pattern in pressure forebay of hydropower station", Procedia Eng., 28, pp. 128-135 (2012).
29. Hager, W. and Schwalt, M. "Broad-crested weir", J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 120, pp. 13-26 (1994).
30. Gonzalez, C.A. and Chanson, H. "Experimental measurements of velocity and pressure distributions on a large broad-crested weir", Flow Meas. Instrum, 18, pp. 107-113 (2007).
31. Khassaf, S.I., Abeed, K.R., and Saleh, L.A.M. "Predicting the breach hydrograph resulting due to hypothetical failure of Haditha Dam", Jordan J. Civ. Eng., 5, pp. 392-400 (2011).
32. Yong Ooi Lin, C. "Autonomy re-constituted: Social and gendered implications of dam resettlement on the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia", Gend. Technol. Dev., 10, pp. 77-99 (2006).
33. Vilanova, M.R.N. and Balestieri, J.A.P. "Modeling of hydraulic and energy efficiency indicators for water supply systems", Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 48, pp. 540-557 (2015).
34. Samora, I., Hasmatuchi, V., Mnch-Allign, C., Franca, M.J., Schleiss, A.J., and Ramos, H.M. "Experimental characterization of a five blade tubular propeller turbine for pipe inline installation", Renew. Energy, 95, pp. 356-366 (2016).
35. Li, Q.F., Quan, H., Li, R.N., and Jiang, D.J. "Influences of guide vanes airfoil on hydraulic turbine runner performance", In: Procedia Engineering, pp. 703-708 (2012).
36. Iryo, T. and Rowe, R.K. "On the hydraulic behavior of unsaturated nonwoven geotextiles", Geotext. Geomembranes, 21, pp. 381-404 (2003).
37. Feintuch, P. "The international electrotechnical vocabulary of the international electrotechnical commission", Meta, 34, pp. 539-541 (1989).
38. Becker, D. "Harmonizing the international electrotechnical commission common information model (CIM) and 61850", Electr. Power Res. Inst. (EPRI), Tech. Rep., 1020098 (2010).
39. Muis, A., Sutikno, P., Soewono, A., and Hartono, F. "Design optimization of axial hydraulic turbine for very low head application", In: Energy Procedia, 68, pp. 263-273 (2015).
40. Slootweg, J.G., de Haan, S.W.H., Polinder, H., and Kling, W.L. "General model for representing variable speed wind turbines in power system dynamics simulations", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 18, pp. 144-151 (2003).
41. Heckelsmueller, G.P. "Application of variable speed operation on Francis turbines", Ing. e Investig, 35, pp. 12-16 (2015).
42. Liu, S., Li, S., and Wu, Y. "Pressure fluctuation prediction of a model Kaplan turbine by unsteady turbulent flow simulation", J. Fluids Eng., 131, p. 101102 (2009).
43. Li, J., Yu, J., and Wu, Y. "3D unsteady turbulent simulations of transients of the Francis turbine", In: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, p. 12001, IOP Publishing (2010).
44. Zhang, H. and Zhang, L. "Numerical simulation of cavitating turbulent flow in a high head Francis turbine at part load operation with OpenFOAM", Procedia Eng., 31, pp. 156-165 (2012).
45. Wei, S. and Zhang, L. "Vibration analysis of hydropower house based on fluid-structure coupling numerical method", Water Sci. Eng., 3, pp. 75-84 (2010).
46. Caupin, F. and Herbert, E. "Cavitation in water: A review", Comptes Rendus Physique, 7(9-10), pp. 1000-1017 (2006).
47. Wei, S. and Zhang, L. "Vibration analysis of hydropower house based on fluid-structure coupling numerical method", Water Sci. Eng., 3, pp. 75-84 (2010).