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4. Haeri, S.M. and Shakeri, M.R. E_ect of membrane compliance on cyclic resistance of gravelly sand", Geotech. Test. J., 33(5), pp. 1-10 (2010). 5. Harder, L.F. and Seed H.B. Determination of penetration resistance for coarse-grained soils using the Becker hammer drill", Report No. UCB/EERC-86/06, University of California, Berkeley, Earthq. Eng. Res. Cent. (1986). 6. Yegian, M.K., Ghahraman, V.G., and Harutiunyan, R.N. Liquefaction and embankment failure case histories, 1988 Armenia Earthquake", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 120(3), pp. 581-596 (1994). 7. Sirovich, L. Repetitive liquefaction at a gravelly site and liquefaction in overconsolidated sands", Soils Found., 36(4), pp. 23-34 (1996). 8. Hatanaka, M., Uchida, A., and Ohara, J. "Liquefaction characteristics of a gravelly _ll lique_ed during the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu earthquake", Soils Found., 37(4), pp. 107-115 (1997). 9. Cao, Z., Youd, T.L., and Yuan X. Gravelly soils that lique_ed during 2008 Wenchuan, China earthquake, Ms=8.0", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31, pp. 1132-1143 (2011). 10. Evans, M.D. Density changes during undrained loading-membrane compliance", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 118(12), pp. 1924-1936 (1992). 11. Raju, V.S. and Sadasivan, S.K. Membrane penetration in triaxial tests on sands", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 100, pp. 482-489 (1974). 12. Ismail, M.A. and Randolph, M.F. Pseudo anisotropy induced by membrane compliance in cemented granular soils", Soils Found., 45(3), pp. 39-49 (2005). 13. Nicholson, P.G., Seed, R.B., and Anwar, H.A. Elimination of membrane compliance in undrained triaxial testing II: mitigation by injection compensation", Can. Geotech. J., 30, pp. 739-746 (1993). 3194 S.M. Haeri et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 3181{3195 14. Yamashita, S., Toki, S., and Suzuke, T. 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Evaluation and mitigation of membrane compliance e_ects in undrained testing of saturated soils", Report No. SU/GT/89-01 Stanford University, Geotech. Research (1989). 21. Macari, E.J., Parker, J.K., and Costes, N.C. Measurement of volume changes in triaxial tests using digital imaging techniques", Geotech. Test. J., 2(1), pp. 103- 109 (1997). 22. Wong, R.T., Seed, H.B., and Chan, C.K. Cyclic loading liquefaction of gravelly soils", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 101(6), pp. 571-583 (1975). 23. Martin, G.R., Finn, W.D.L., and Seed, H.B. E_ects of system compliance on liquefaction tests", J. Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, 104(GT 4), pp. 463-479 (1978). 24. Tokimatsu, K. and Nakamura, K. A simpli_ed correction for membrane compliance in liquefaction tests", Soils Found., 27(4), pp. 111-122 (1987). 25. Ansal, A.M. and Erken, A. Posttesting correction procedure for membrane compliance e_ects on pore pressure", J. Geotech. Eng., 122(1), pp. 27-38 (1996). 26. Chan, C.K. Membrane for rock_ll triaxial testing", Technical Note, J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE, 98(SM8), pp. 849-854 (1972). 27. Lade, P.V. and Hernandez, S.B. Membrane penetration e_ects in undrained tests", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 103(2), pp. 109-125 (1977). 28. Raju, V.S. and Venkataramana, K. Undrained triaxial tests to assess liquefaction potential of sands: e_ect of membrane penetration", Proc. Int. Symp. Soils Under Cyclic and Transient Load., 2 (1980). 29. Kiekbusch, M. and Schuppener, B. Membrane penetration and its e_ect on pore water pressures," J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 103(11), pp. 1267-1279 (1977). 30. Lo, S.C.R., Chu, J., and Lee, I.K. A technique for reducing membrane penetration and bedding errors", Geotech. Test. J., 12(4), pp. 311-316 (1989). 31. Rashidian, M., Ishihara, K., Kokusho, T., Kanatani, M., and Okamoto, T. Undrained shearing behavior of very loose gravelly soils", Geotech. Spec. Pub., 56, pp. 77-91 (1995). 32. Haeri, S.M., Raeesi, R., and Shahcheraghi, S.A. Elimination of membrane compliance using _ne sandy coating on gravelly soil specimens", 5th Int. Conf. Geotech. Eng. Soil Mech., Tehran, Iran (2016). 33. Ramana, K.V. and Raju, V.S. Constant-volume triaxial tests to study the e_ects of membrane penetration", Geotech. Test. J., 4(3), pp. 117-122 (1981). 34. Evans, M.D. and Zhou S. Liquefaction behavior of sand-gravel composites", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 121(3), pp. 287-298 (1995). 35. Sivathayalan, S. and Vaid, Y.P. Truly undrained response of granular soils with no membrane-penetration e_ects", Can. Geotech. J., 35(5), pp. 730-739 (1998). 36. Ladd, R.S. Preparing of test specimens using undercompaction", Geotech. Test. J., GTJODJ, 1(1), pp. 16-23 (1978). 37. Parker, J.K. Image processing and analysis for the mechanics of granular materials experiment", ASME Proc. 19th SE Symp. Syst. Theory, Nashville, TN, March 2, ASME, Ney York (1987). 38. Ramana, K.V. and Raju, V.S. Membrane penetration in triaxial tests", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 108, pp. 305-310 (1982). 39. Baldi, G. and Nova, R. Membrane penetration e_ects in triaxial testing", J. Geotech. Eng., ASCE, 110(3), pp. 403-420 (1984). 40. Frydman, S., Zeitlen, J.G., and Alpan, I. The membrane e_ect in triaxial testing of granular soils", J. Test. Eval., 1(1), pp. 37-41 (1973). 41. Kramer, S.L., Sivaneswaran, N., and Davis, R.O. Analysis of membrane penetration in triaxial test", J. Eng. Mech., 116(4), pp. 773-789 (1990). 42. Baziar, M.H., Shahnazari, H., and Shara_, H. A laboratory study on the pore pressure generation model for Firouzkooh silty sands using hollow torsional test", Int. J. Civ. Eng., 9(2), pp. 126-134 (2011). 43. Seed, H.B., Martin, P.P., and Lysmer, J. The generation and dissipation of pore water pressures during soil liquefaction", Report No. EERC 75-26, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif (1975). 44. Booker, J.R., Rahman, M.S., and Seed, H.B. GADFLEAA computer program for the analysis of pore pressure generation and dissipation during cyclic or earthquake loading", Report No. EERC76-24, University of California, Berkeley, Earthq. Eng. Res. Cent. (1976). 45. Lee, K.L. and Albaisa, A. Earthquake induced settlements in saturated sands", J. Geotech. Eng. Div Division, ASCE, 100(GT 4), pp. 387-406 (1974). S.M. Haeri et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 3181{3195 3195 46. Steinbach, J. Volume changes due to membrane penetration in triaxial tests on granular materials", M.Sc. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. (1967). 47. Siddiqi, F.H., Seed, R.B., Chan, K.C., Seed, H.B., and Pyke, R.M. 'Strength evaluation of coarsegrained soils", Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley, California, Report No. UCBIEERC- 87/22 (1987). 48. Banerjee, N.G., Seed, H.B., and Chan, C.K. "Cyclic behavior of dense coarse-grained materials in relation to the seismic stability of dams", University of California, Berkeley, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Report UBCJEERC-79/13 (1979).
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