Sharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601Photocatalytic Degradation and Reaction Pathway Studies of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Gaseous Phase3297ENR.AliDepartment of Chemistry,Kuwait UniversityM.Y.OthmanDepartment of Chemistry,Kuwait UniversityW. A. W.Abu BakarDepartment of Chemistry,University of MashadJournal Article20100718TiO2 was doped with various types of rst row transition metals towards the degradation of
dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform.
Zn2+/Fe3+/TiO2 photocatalyst with the ratio of 0.0005: 0.0005: 1 was revealed as the best catalyst in
this study. 41.05% of dichloromethane, 49.45% of chloroform and 37.84% of carbon tetrachloride were
degraded by this catalyst in the presence of UV light (6 W, 354 nm), irradiated for 90 minutes, and oxidized
VOCs gases were analyzed using GC-FID. In this study, the new species of CHCl+2 , CH2Cl+, CCl+2 and
OCl+. CHCl+2 was detected to form from the photocatalytic degradation of chloroform while some new
fragments, such as OCl+, CHCl+2 and CH2Cl+, are observed during the photocatalytic degradation of
carbon tetrachloride.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3297_b5c36c8de10290cc8bef8f3eb4a95dcc.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601Enzymatic Synthesis of Amoxicillin with Immobilized Penicillin G Acylase3298ENI.AlemzadehDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,Sharif University of TechnologyS.M.BorgheiDepartment of Civil Engineering,Sharif University of TechnologyR.RoostaazadDepartment of Chemical Engineering,Sharif University of TechnologyJournal Article20100718The synthesis of amoxicillin with immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA) in aqueous
medium was investigated. The parameters studied were: time course of amoxicillin production,
concentration of substrates: hydroxyphenylglycine methyl ester (HPGM) and 6-aminopeicillanic acid (6-
APA) and the e ect of enzyme (PGA) content and pH, under variable and constant conditions and
temperature variations. In the study of two substrate concentration on amoxicillin production, impressive
results were obtained for a 1/3 ratio of 6-amino penicillanic acid (6-APA) and hydroxyl-phenylglycine
methyl ester (HPGM). The synthesis of amoxicillin was preferable at constant pH rather than a variable
one. Other optimal conditions obtained were: enzyme concentration: 5 g/L with 100U, process time: 480
min and temperature: 35C. The yield for amoxicillin synthesis under prescribed conditions showed up to
50%.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3298_b8985c8965897b9846be7415c53bd35a.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601Experimental Study of the Chemical Stimulation of Iranian Fractured Carbonate Reservoir Rocks as an EOR Potential, the Impact on Spontaneous Imbibition and Capillary Pressure3299ENAlirezaZangeneh VaraDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,Sharif University of TechnologyDariushBastaniDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering,Sharif University of TechnologyA.BadakhshanDepartment of Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering,The University of CalgaryJournal Article20100718Beside their worldwide abundance, oil recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs is
commonly low. Such reservoirs are usually oil-wet, thus, water
ooding leads into early breakthrough
and low recovery due to the high conductivity of the fracture network, negative capillary pressure of
the matrix and, consequently, the poor spontaneous imbibitions of water from fractures into the matrix
during the course of water
ooding. In such problematic reservoirs, changing the wettability of the matrix
toward water-wetness can improve spontaneous imbibition by changing the sign and, thus, the direction of
capillary forces, resulting in an improvement of water
ood eciency and, consequently, oil recovery. A
study of this technique on the most signi cant Iranian oil-producing reservoir, Asmari, seems necessary.
Some surfactants of di erent ionic charges have been examined in this study. Asmari reservoir rock
samples were used and the petrophysical and mineralogical properties of the rock samples were determined
by both thin section analysis and core
ooding techniques. Interfacial tension measurements have been
done to decide surfactant solution concentrations. Capillary pressure measurements were conducted both
before and after wettability alteration. Amott-Harvey and USBM wettability indices were determined.
Among the surfactants, a cationic one could best raise the level of spontaneous imbibition. Favourable
changes in the wettability indices were observed.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3299_a06975b2ea608244725d1dcea978993b.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601Predicting Corrosion in Pipelines, Oil Wells and Gas Wells; a Computer Modeling Approach3300ENF.F.FarshadDepartment of Chemical Engineering,I.P.M.J. D.GarberDepartment of Chemical Engineering,I.P.M.H.H.RiekeDepartment of Chemical Engineering,I.P.M.S. G.KomaravellyDepartment of Chemical Engineering,I.P.M.Journal Article20100718Hostile oil eld corrosive environments have challenged the production and transportation
operations of the petroleum industry. The estimated cost of corrosion on the U.S. economy in the year 2002
resulted in an expenditure of about 276 billion U.S. dollars. This amount was an increase of more than
$100 billion over a previous ve year period. Corrosion maintenance expenditures over this 5 year period
were approximately 3.1% of the U.S. GDP, and stimulated congress to enact the Corrosion Prevention
Act in 2007. One avenue available to successfully combat corrosion in the petroleum industry is the
recent progress made in corrosion prediction applications for petroleum operations. Three such corrosion
computer models have been developed at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. These models are capable
of predicting the physical conditions and corrosion rates inside pipelines and in producing oil and gas wells.
The models are window based and described in this paper. An expert system module was developed, which
adjusts the predicated corrosion rate based on various known reservoir and well subsurface parameters.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3300_5cec6f42cb11b4a820ddb7d12e86479c.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601Coalbed Methane Reservoir Simulation and Uncertainty Analysis with Arti cial Neural Networks3301ENJ.JalaliDepartment of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering,Xilinx Inc.R.GaskariDepartment of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering,Xilinx Inc.Sh.D.MohagheghDepartment of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering,West Virginia UniversityJournal Article20100718This paper presents the utilization of a newly developed technique for development of a
proxy model in reservoir simulation studies to be used in uncertainty analysis on a Coalbed Methane
(CBM) reservoir. This technique uses Arti cial Neural Networks (ANN) in order to build a Surrogate
Reservoir Model (SRM). An SRM is a replica of the full- eld reservoir model that mimics the behavior
of the reservoir. A small number of realizations of the reservoir are required to develop the SRM. This
is a key di erence between the SRM technique and other techniques in the literature, such as developing
a Response Surface Model using Experimental Design technique or using Reduced Models. Once trained,
SRMs can make thousands of simulation runs in a matter of seconds. The high speed of the SRM enables
the engineer to exhaustively explore the solution space and perform uncertainty analysis. During the
development process of SRM, Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are identi ed. KPIs are the reservoir
parameters that have the most in
uence on the desired objective of the simulation study.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3301_0ccf9fce15ba183483bbde4a9fb2e996.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601Prefouling Behavior of Suspended Particles in Petroleum Fluid Flow3302ENJoelEscobedoDepartment of Chemistry,University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignG. A.MansooriDepartment of Chemical Engineering,University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignJournal Article20100718The production and transportation of petroleum
uids will be severely a ected by the
deposition of suspended particles (i.e. asphaltenes, diamondoids, paran/wax, sand, etc.) in petroleum
uid production wells and/or transfer pipelines. In certain instances, the amount of precipitation is rather
large causing complete fouling of these conduits. Therefore, it is important to understand the behavior of
suspended particles during petroleum
uid
ow conditions. In this paper, we present an analytical model
for the prefouling behavior of suspended particles corresponding to petroleum
uids production conditions.
We predict the rate of particle deposition during various turbulent
ow regimes. The turbulent boundary
layer theory and the concepts of mass transfer are utilized to model and calculate the particle deposition
rates on the walls of
owing conduits. The developed model accounts for the eddy di usivity and Brownian
di usivity as well as for inertial e ects. The analysis presented in this paper shows that rates of particle
deposition (during petroleum
uid production) on the walls of the
owing channel due solely to di usional
e ects are small. It is also shown that deposition rates decrease with increasing particle size. However,
when the process is momentum controlled (large particle sizes), higher deposition rates are expected.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3302_795f3227bc621373848f64fa546a289f.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601Impact of Thermodynamic Non-idealities and Mass Transfer on Multi-phase Hydrodynamics3303ENM.R.PishvaieDepartment of Chemical Engineering,Sharif University of TechnologyM.IraniResearch Center,Sharif University of TechnologyR.Bozorgmehry BoozarjomehryDepartment of Chemical Engineering,Sharif University of TechnologyJournal Article20100718Considering the non-ideal behavior of
uids and their e ects on hydrodynamic and mass
transfer in multiphase
ow is very essential. Simulations were performed that take into account the
e ects of mass transfer and mixture non-ideality on the hydrodynamics reported by Bozorgmehry et al.
In this paper, by assuming the density of phases to be constant and using Raoult's law instead of EOS
and the fugacity coecient de nition, respectively, for both liquid and gas phases, the importance of nonideality
e ects on mass transfer and hydrodynamic behavior was studied. The results for a system of
octane/propane (T = 323 K and P = 445 kPa) also indicated that the assumption of constant density in
simulation had a major role to diverse from experimental data. Furthermore, comparison between obtained
results and previous reports indicated signi cant di erences between experimental data and simulation
results with more ideal assumptions.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3303_40d210ee69f49a07bb21c11d9eee212b.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601y-Irradiation Synthesis of a Smart Hydrogel: Optimization Using Taguchi Method and Investigation of Its Swelling Behavior3304ENA.PourjavadiDepartment of Chemistry,Sharif University of TechnologyR.SoleymanDepartment of Chemistry,Sharif University of TechnologyGh.R.BardajeeDepartment of Chemistry,Sharif University of TechnologyF.SeidiDepartment of Chemistry,Sharif University of TechnologyJournal Article20100718In the current work, synthesis of an environmental-sensitive superabsorbent hydrogel
using
-rays is described. Grafted polyacrylonitrile onto a homogeneous solution of starch and kappa-
Carrageenan hybrid backbones created a smart material with reversible behavior. The reaction parameters
(i.e. acrylonitrile, starch and kappa-Carrageenan concentration, as well as
-irradiation time) a ecting
the water absorbency of the hydrogel were optimized using the Taguchi method, in order to achieve a
hydrogel with high swelling capacity. FTIR spectroscopy was used for con rming the structure of the nal
product and the morphology of the synthesized hydrogel was examined by a scanning electron microscope.
The swelling behavior of the optimized hydrogel sample in various NaCl concentrations and swelling
kinetics in distilled water were investigated. The pH-reversibility and on-o switching behaviors of entitled
smart hydrogel make it a good candidate for consideration as a potential carrier for bioactive agents like
drugs.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3304_adf94d3991c32621db33508f8098ac7f.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601A Technical Feasibility Analysis to Apply Pseudomonas aeroginosa MR01 Biosurfactant in Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery of Low-Permeability Carbonate Reservoirs of Iran3305ENM. R.AdelzadehDepartment of Chemical Engineering,Sharif University of TechnologyR.RoostaazadDepartment of Chemical Engineering,Sharif University of TechnologyM. R.KamaliResearch Center,Sharif University of TechnologyT.Bagheri LotfabadResearch Center,Sharif University of TechnologyJournal Article20100718The e ect of an ecient biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeroginosa MR01, a
bacterial strain isolated from oil excavation areas in southern Iran, on the recovery of residual oil trapped
within carbonate rocks, was investigated. In a core holder set-up, bearing a number of limestone- and
dolomite-containing core samples, biosurfactant
ooding resulted in oil recoveries as large as 20% to 28%
Residual Oil (RO). Biosurfactant injection in less permeable rocks in a range of 0.5 to 32 md was more
successful, in terms of oil production. In the case of the least oil recovery via biosurfactant
ooding,
incubation of the core with a biosurfactant solution at reservoir conditions, increased the recovery from
13% residual oil at zero resting time to 15% after a resting time of one week and to about 30% after a
resting time of about two weeks. Based on interfacial tension measurements, salinity and, to a larger
extent, biosurfactant reduced interfacial tension. When salinity increased from 170000 to 200000 ppm,
the fraction of residual oil production increased to about 20%.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3305_7599b660980e35a601512fd21763117d.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601Empirical Modeling of the Enzymatic Methanolysis of Canola Oil3306ENF.VahabzadehDepartment of Chemical Engineering,Amirkabir University of TechnologyM.HajarDepartment of Chemical Engineering,Amirkabir University of TechnologyS.ShokrollahzadehDepartment of Chemical Engineering,Amirkabir University of TechnologyJournal Article20100718A statistics based design of experiments (Central Composite Design, CCD) was used in
the present work to develop an empirical model for describing, quantitatively, the methanolysis reaction of
canola oil by the commercially immobilized Candida antarctica lipase, i.e. Novozym 435 in a solvent-free
system. The reaction factors under study were the amount of enzyme (x1), temperature of operation
(x2) and the molar ratio of methanol to canola oil (x3). The yield of methyl ester was evaluated
using a second-order polynomial multiple regression model. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed
a high coecient of determination (R2) value of 0.987, thus, ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the
regression model with the experimental data. The positive sign for the coecients of the amount of
enzyme and the temperature of the reaction indicated that the yield of the methyl ester increased with
increased levels of x1 from 3 to 5 and factor x2 from 25 to 35C. The negative e ect of the methanol
to canola oil ratio on the methyl ester yield indicated that the response level decreased as this factor (x3)
increased. The methyl ester yield, 84.42%, as the highest value obtained through experiment that was
in agreement with the predicted yield 89.15%, resulted with use of the optimized operative parameters
when enzyme amount, reaction temperature and methanol to canola oil molar ratio were 5%, 38C and
3, respectively.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3306_a755baac13a7ad53413d6bdfde3eb736.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601PEG-SO3H as a New, Highly Efficient and Homogeneous Polymeric Catalyst for the Synthesis of Acylals from Aldehydes and Acetic Anhydride3307ENA.ZareDepartment of Chemistry,NorthridgeA.HasaninejadDepartment of Chemistry,BeraklyE.RostamiDepartment of Chemistry,BeraklyA. R.Moosavi-ZareDepartment of Chemistry,BeraklyM.MerajoddinDepartment of Chemistry,BeraklyJournal Article20100718A highly ecient, simple and rapid method for the chemoselective preparation of acylals
from aldehydes and acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of poly(ethylene glycol)-bound
sulfonic acid (PEG-SO3H) (1.67 mol%) at room temperature is described. Ketones do not react under
these reaction conditions.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3307_800ebea20ccc514ce561dcb2a8299d85.pdfSharif University of TechnologyScientia Iranica1026-309817120100601An Efficient Method for the Nitration of Phenols with NaNO2 in the Presence of 3-Methyl-1-Sulfonic Acid Imidazolium Chloride3308ENA.ZareDepartment of Chemistry,NorthridgeA. R.Moosavi-ZareDepartment of Chemistry,BeraklyM.A.ZolfigolDepartment of Chemistry,University of Bu-Ali-SinaA.KhazaeiDepartment of Chemistry,Bu-Ali Sina UniversityJournal Article20100718Nitrophenols can be obtained in high yields via nitrosation-oxidation of phenols by 3-
methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium chloride f[Msim]Clg as a new Br nsted acidic ionic liquid and NaNO2
at room temperature. In situ generation of HNO2 and a radical-cation mechanism via the nitrous acid
catalyzed pathway appear to be applicable to phenol nitration using this reagent system.https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_3308_7942fd6ed499e23bd545418e45750136.pdf