Sharif University of Technology Scientia Iranica 1026-3098 28 3 2021 06 01 Government subsidies in manufacturing and remanufacturing with consumer segment and heterogeneous demand 1817 1829 21607 10.24200/sci.2019.50493.1724 EN L. Xu - College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China. - Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China Q. Peng School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China J. Chen College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China Ch. Wang School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China Journal Article 2019 02 18 Waste products have double properties of environmental hazard and resource recovery, while recycling behavior has greater positive external effect of economic, which often results in the low enthusiasm for enterprises to engage in remanufactured activity. For price decisions on whether government subsidizes closed-loop supply chain or not, Stackelberg game model were constructed under three scenarios: none is subsidized (Model N), subsidize to manufacturer (Model M) and subsidized to recycler (Model R) to obtain the optimal government subsidy and price decision, as well as analyze the difference among the equilibriums of four scenarios. From the conclusion, we can find that the government subsidy improve the social welfare, as well as the government implement different subsidy policies based on the needs for economic and social progress. https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21607_9ef8626e3bf8de6f3f15a560984bff40.pdf