Optimal Allocation of Plug-in Electric Vehicle Parking Lots for Maximum Serviceability and Profit in the coupled distribution and transportation networks

Document Type : Article

Authors

1 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, P.O. Box 4714873113, Iran

2 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, P.O. Box: 4714873113, Iran

Abstract

Optimal planning and management of electric vehicle parking lots (EVPLs) can be an effective approach for improving the operation of both the distribution system and traffic networks. However, the limited land areas of cities can be an obstacle for constructing a large number of parking lots (PLs). This paper proposed a model for optimal siting and sizing of EVPLs as well as their charging schedule to maximize the total profit of their owners, while maximum parking demand of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can be satisfied. In the proposed model, the purpose of trips, number of PEVs, plus their arrival and departure time in different urban areas are considered. Distribution network constraints are also taken into account using linearized load flow equations. The proposed model is implemented in a 37-bus distribution system coupled with a 25-node transportation network which includes four different areas in terms of PEV travel type. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model to cover the parking demand of PEVs with a limited number of PLs.

Keywords

References

  1. References: 

    1. Lakshminarayanan, V., Chemudupati, V. G. S. and Pramanick, S. K. et al. “Real-time optimal energy management controller for electric vehicle integration in workplace microgrid,” IEEE Trans. on Transp. Ele., 5(1), pp. 174-185 (2018).
    2. Mirzaei, M.J. and Kazemi, A. “A two-step approach to optimal management of electric vehicle parking lots,” Ene. Tech. and Assess., 46, p.101258 (2021).
    3. Folkestad, C.A., Hansen, N. and Fagerholt, K. et al. “Optimal charging and repositioning of electric vehicles in a free-floating carsharing system,” and Ope. Res., 113, p.104771 (2020).
    4. Moradijoz, M., Ghazanfarimeymand, A. and Moghaddam, M.P. et al. “Optimum placement of distributed generation and parking lots for loss reduction in distribution networks,” 17th Conf. Ele. Pow. Dis., pp. 1-5 (2012).
    5. Mohsenzadeh, A., Pazouki, S. and Ardalan, S. et al. “Optimal placing and sizing of parking lots including different levels of charging stations in electric distribution networks,” J. of Am. Ene., 39(7), pp. 743-750 (2018).
    6. Neyestani, N., Damavandi, M.Y. and Shafie-Khah, M. et al. “Allocation of plug-in vehicles' parking lots in distribution systems considering network-constrained objectives,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 30(5), pp. 2643-2656 (2014).
    7. Asghari rad, H., Ja'fari-Nokandi, M. and Hosseini, S.M. “Optimal Allocation of Electric Vehicles' Parking Lots in Distribution System Considering Urban Traffic,” of Energy Eng. and Manag. (in Persian), 11(2), pp. 70-81 (2021).
    8. Zeng, B., Zhu, Z. and Xu, H. et al. “Optimal public parking lot allocation and management for efficient PEV accommodation in distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. on Ind. Appl., 56(5), pp.5984-5994 (2020).
    9. El-Zonkoly, A. and dos Santos Coelho, L. “Optimal allocation, sizing of PHEV parking lots in distribution system,” J Elec. Pow. and Ene. Syst., 67, pp. 472-477 (2015).
    10. Amini, M.H., Moghaddam, M.P. and Karabasoglu, O. “Simultaneous allocation of electric vehicles’ parking lots and distributed renewable resources in smart power distribution networks,” citi. and soc., 28, pp. 332-342 (2017).
    11. Rahmani-Andebili, M., Shen, H. and Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M. “Planning and operation of parking lots considering system, traffic, and drivers behavioral model,” IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cyber., 49(9), pp. 1879-1892 (2018).
    12. Rahmani-Andebili, M. and Venayagamoorthy, G.K. “SmartPark placement and operation for improving system reliability and market participation,” Power Syst. Res., 123, pp. 21-30 (2015).
    13. Aghaebrahimi, M.R., Ghasemipour, M.M. and Sedghi, A. “Probabilistic optimal placement of EV parking considering different operation strategies,” 17th IEEE Med. Elec. Conf., pp. 108-114 (2014).
    14. Sattarpour, T. and Farsadi, M. “Parking lot allocation with maximum economic benefit in a distribution network,” Trans. Elec. Energy Sys., 27(1), pp. e2234 (2017).
    15. Kazemi, M.A., Sedighizadeh, M. and Mirzaei, M.J. et al. “Optimal siting and sizing of distribution system operator owned EV parking lots,” Applied energy, 179, pp. 1176-11849 (2016).
    16. Mirzaei, M.J., Kazemi, A. and Homaee, O. “A probabilistic approach to determine optimal capacity and location of electric vehicles parking lots in distribution networks,” IEEE Trans. ind. inform., 12(5), pp. 1963-1972 (2015).
    17. Dong, J., Liu, C. and Lin, Z. “Charging infrastructure planning for promoting battery electric vehicles: An activity-based approach using multiday travel data,” Res. Part C, 38, pp. 44-55 (2014).
    18. Cavadas, J., de Almeida Correia, G.H. and Gouveia, J. “A MIP model for locating slow-charging stations for electric vehicles in urban areas accounting for driver tours,” Res. Part E, 75, pp. 188-201 (2015).
    19. Huang, K., Kanaroglou, P. and Zhang, X. “The design of electric vehicle charging network,” Res. Part D, 49, pp. 1-7 (2016).
    20. Mirzaei, M. J. and Kazemi, A. “A dynamic approach to optimal planning of electric vehicle parking lots,” Ene. Grids and Net., 24, pp. 100404 (2020).
    21. Neyestani, N., Damavandi, M.Y. and Chicco, G. et al. “Effects of PEV traffic flows on the operation of parking lots and charging stations,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, 9(2), pp. 1521-1530 (2017).
    22. Khodayar, M.E., Wu, L. and Shahidehpour, M. “Hourly coordination of electric vehicle operation and volatile wind power generation in SCUC,” IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, 3(3), pp.1271-1279 (2012).
    23. Conejo, A. J., Carrión, M. and Morales, J. M. “Decision making under uncertainty in electricity markets,” 1, pp.376-384, New York, Springer (2010).
    24. Zheng, Y., Xie, S. and Hu, Z. et al. “The optimal configuration planning of energy hubs in urban integrated energy system using a two-layered optimization method,” J. of Elec. Pow. and Ene. Sys., 123, pp. 106257 (2020).
    25. Kempton, W. and Tomić, J. “Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue,” power s., 144(1), pp. 268-279 (2005).
    26. Sa'adati, R., Jafari-Nokandi, M. and Saebi, J. “Allocation of RESs and PEV Fast-Charging Station on Coupled Transportation and Distribution Networks,” C. and Soc., 65, pp. 102527 (2021).
    27. Wang, MQ. and Gooi, HB. “Spinning reserve estimation in microgrids,” IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 26(3), pp. 1164-1174 (2011).
    28. Zhang, H., Moura, SJ. and Hu, Z. et al. “PEV fast-charging station siting and sizing on coupled transportation and power networks,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 9(4), pp. 2595-2605 (2016).
    29. Sadeghi-Barzani, P., Rajabi-Ghahnavieh, A. and Kazemi-Karegar, H. “Optimal fast charging station placing and sizing,” Applied Ene., 125, pp. 289-299 (2014).
    30. Cities, C. “Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook for Public Charging Station Hosts,” US Dep. of Energy No. DOE/GO-102012-3275, (2012).
    31. Zhang, H., Hu, Z. and Xu, Z. et al. “An integrated planning framework for different types of PEV charging facilities in urban area,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 7(5), pp. 2273-2284 (2015).
Scientia Iranica

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 20 June 2022

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics