TY - JOUR ID - 21666 TI - Expansion planning of automated sub-transmission and distribution networks integrated by distributed generations JO - Scientia Iranica JA - SCI LA - en SN - 1026-3098 AU - Zohour-Attar, M. AU - Aghaei, J. AU - Niknam, T. AU - Nikoobakht, A. AD - Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran AD - - Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran - School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology (LUT), Lappeenranta, Finland AD - Higher Education Center of Eghlid, Eghlid, Iran Y1 - 2022 PY - 2022 VL - 29 IS - 2 SP - 645 EP - 659 KW - Sub-transmission and distribution network expansion planning (S&DNEP) KW - Distributed generation (DG) KW - Distributed automation (DA) KW - Reliability indexes KW - and mixed integer linear programming (MILP) DO - 10.24200/sci.2019.5435.1270 N2 - This paper presents sub-transmission and distribution network expansion planning (S&DEP) including distributed generation (DG) and distribution automation (DA) considering reliability indexes. The objective function is to minimize investment, operation, maintenance and reliability costs subjected to AC power flow, system operation and generating units and DG limits, reliability, and distribution automation constraints (including the constraints of protection devices and volt/VAr control mechanism). The proposed model is a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model which is hard to solve. For this reason, a MINLP problem is transformed to mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. The validity of the proposed method is investigated in the two synthetic test networks. UR - https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21666.html L1 - https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21666_61feaa29bec054d91839c82432a4a1ba.pdf ER -