ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The use of neural networks for predicting the factor of safety of soil against liquefaction
In this study, the performance of the artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression (MR) models to predict the factor of safety, Fs, values of soil against liquefaction was investigated and compared. To achieve this, two earthquake parameters, namely, earthquake magnitude (Mw) and horizontal peak ground acceleration (amax ), and six soil properties, namely, standard penetration test number (SPT-N), saturated unit weight (γsat), natural unit weight (γn), fines content (FC), the depth of ground water level from the ground surface (GWL), and the depth of the soil from ground surface (d) varied in the liquefaction analysis and then the Fs value was calculated for each case by using the Excell program developed and used in the development of the ANN and MR models. The results obtained from the simplified method were compared with those obtained from both the ANN and MR models.It was found that the predicted values from the ANN model matched the calculated values much better than those obtained from the MR model. Moreover, the performance indices such asthedetermination coefficient, variance account for, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and the scaled percent error were computed to evaluate the prediction capacity of the models developed. The study demonstrates that the ANN model is able to predict the Fs value of the soil against liquefaction, quite efficiently, and is superior to the MR model.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20423_a665104367fad5afbec731e6c42b18b0.pdf
2019-10-01
2615
2623
10.24200/sci.2018.4455.0
Artificial Neural Networks
factor of safety
liquefaction potential
multiple regression
Simplified method
Y.
Erzin
yusuf.erzin@cbu.edu.tr
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Y.
Tuskan
yesim.tuskan@cbu.edu.tr
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Turkey
AUTHOR
References:
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Strength and durability studies on high volume ready-made ultrafine slag-based high-strength concrete
Steel industries produces ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a waste material and has enormous scope to be made use of in concrete as partial substitute to cement. The average particle size of GGBFS used was 17.5 µm. It fills voids and modifies the microstructure in turn enhancing the strength and durability of concrete. In the present work commercially available ultra fine slag (readymade ultrafine slag - RUFS) with an average size of 5 µm was used as mineral admixture in three different percentages of 30, 40 and 50 as substitute to cement. Results of present work were compared to precursor slag of author’s earlier works. From the experimental results it was understood that RUFS with 40% substitution to cement gave better performance among three different percentages used. Comparing with author’s earlier works, RUFS performed better than precursor slag and had slightly higher results than that of concrete with 5 to 15% of RUFS. Hence it is suggested that cement could be replaced with readymade ultrafine in high volume as much of 40% without compromising its performance.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20202_9910b8c8a5bdb8fa2d8d110c3a9e7eec.pdf
2019-10-01
2624
2632
10.24200/sci.2018.20202
Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Ready-made Ultra Fine Slag
compressive strength
Sorptivity
porosity
high volume
C.
Lakshmi Priyanka
1
School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
AUTHOR
B.
Vijayalakshmi
2
School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
AUTHOR
M.
Nagavalli
3
School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
AUTHOR
G.
Dhinakaran
gd@civil.sastra.edu
4
School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
References:
1
1. Oner, A. and Akyuz, S. "An experimental study on optimum usage of GGBS for the compressive strength of concrete", Cem. & Conc. Comp., 29, pp. 505-514 (2007).
2
2. Erhan, G. and Mehmet, G. "A study on durability properties of high-performance concretes incorporates high replacement levels of slag", Mat. & Str., 41, pp. 479-493 (2008).
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Applying materials waste quantification to cement waste reduction in residential buildings of Tehran: A case study
Purpose of this research is twofold. Study’s first part focuses on developing quantitative wastage models for rebar, concrete, brick and cement, as major bulk traditional building materials, used in Tehran residential buildings. Primary results indicate that multiple linear regression is an apt tool to model studied variables’ effects on materials wastage. In every developed wastage model, subtractive or accumulative effect of each studied variable is recognized by its coefficient value and sign. Developed models resulted in adjusted R2 values of 0.907, 0.875, 0.920 and 0.790 respectively for rebar, cement, brick and concrete waste. Cement, with average wastage of 8.57% by weight, is identified as the most wasted material verified by the case study.In study’s second part, previously developed models as well as project management experts’ opinions were combined to structure a cement waste reduction guideline for traditional building construction which is common in Tehran, Iran. With this purpose in mind, for projects’ initiating phase, choosing lump-sum contract instead of cost-plus contract is suggested. Moreover a financial incentive reward scheme, with its economic viability and environment friendliness, has been tested with positive results and hence is proposed for construction phase. Applicability of proposed scheme is verified through a case study.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_4598_93b32936d1a34aef657babf7b2afe1cc.pdf
2019-10-01
2633
2652
10.24200/sci.2017.4598
Building Materials Waste
Quantification
Construction Waste Reduction
Cement
Tehran Residential Buildings
Iran
A.
Mahpour
mahpour_amirreza@mehr.sharif.ir
1
Construction Engineering and Management Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Alvanchi
2
Construction Engineering and Management Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.M.
Mortaheb
mortaheb@sharif.edu
3
Construction Engineering and Management Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Azadi Avenue, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References:
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1. Yano, J. and Sakai, S. "Waste prevention indicators and their implications from a life cycle perspective: a review", J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 18, pp. 38-56 (2016).
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2. Mortaheb, M.M. and Mahpour, A. "Integrated construction waste management a holistic approach", Scientia Iranica, 23, pp. 2044-2056 (2016a).
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3. Wu, H., Duan, H., Wang, J., Wang, T., and Wang, X. "Quantification of carbon emission of construction waste by using streamlined LCA: a case study of Shenzhen, China", J Mater Cycles Waste Manag, 17, pp. 637-645 (2015).
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40. Mahpour, A., Mortaheb, M.M., and Sebt, M.H. "Evaluating the effect of financial incentive on construction waste generation in Tehran's residential buildings", Proceedings of the 11th International Project Management Conference, Tehran, Iran (Feb. 2016) (In Persian).
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44. Ye, H., Yang, H., and Tan, Z. "Learning marginalcost pricing via trial-and-error procedure with day-today flow dynamics", 21st International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, ISTTT21, Kobe, Japan (Aug. 2015).
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45. Mahpour, A. and Mortaheb, M.M. "Financial-based incentive plan to reduce construction waste", J Constr Eng Manag, 144(5) (2018). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943- 7862.0001461.
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46. Mahpour, A., Mortaheb, M.M., and Sebt, M.H. "Cement waste reduction framework in Tehran's concrete structure residential buildings", Sharif Journal of Science and Technology, 34.2(3.2), pp. 93-104 (2018) (In Persian).
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47. Mahpour, A. and Mortaheb, M.M. "Managing materials' wastage in construction sites based on stakeholders' involvement as well as reducing excessive purchase and avoidable waste", 10th National Congress on Civil Engineering, Tehran, Iran, April (2017) (In Persian).
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49
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Using genetic algorithms for long-term planning of network of bridges
Bridge maintenance activities are often budgeted, scheduled and conducted for networks of bridges with different ages, types and conditions, which can make bridge network maintenance management challenging. In this study, we propose an improved maintenance planning model based on genetic algorithm for a network of bridges to bring a long-term perspective to the lifespan of bridges. To test the applicability and efficiency of the model, it is applied to a network of 100 bridges in one of the south-western provinces of Iran. The results of the model implementation show considerable potential for improvement over the currently adopted model for bridge maintenance planning.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_4604_fcee23c131ec1f758a696f5c1d8d658c.pdf
2019-10-01
2653
2664
10.24200/sci.2017.4604
Bridge maintenenance
maintenenace planning
asset management
budgeting
Genetic Algorithm
H.
Alikhani
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Alvanchi
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
References:
1
1. IAM (the Institute of Asset Management) "Asset management - an anatomy", The Institute of Asset Management, 1.1 (2012).
2
2. Ranjbaran, J. "Unforeseen photos of Kan bridge collapse", KhabarOnline News, News number 4547, (Dec. 24, 2012), (in Persian), Available: http://www.khabaronline.ir/detail/259497/society/urban.
3
3. Tabnak "One casualty on bridge collapse", Tabnak News Agency, News number 123379, (Nov. 3, 2015), (in Persian), Available: http://ostanha. tabnak. ir/fa/news/123379.
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4. ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers) "Report card for America's infrastructure", Report American Society of Civil Engineers, Available: http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/bridges (2015).
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5. Gholami, M., Sam, A.R.B.M., and Yatim, J.M. "Assessment of bridge management system in Iran", Procedia Engineering, 54, pp. 573-583 (2015).
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7. Al-Barqawi, H. and Zayed, T. "Assessment model of water main conditions", Pipeline Division Specialty Conference, Chicago, USA (2006).
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11. Rashedi, R. and Hegazy, T. "Capital renewal optimization for large-scale infrastructure networks: genetic algorithms versus advanced mathematical tools", Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 11(3), pp. 253-262 (2014).
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24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A laboratory investigation of suppression of dust from wind erosion using biocementation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
Dust events are among the serious environmental challenges in some countries. Sustainable solutions can be applied to tackle this problem by considering soil as a living ecosystem. Biocementation based on production of carbonates by heterotrophic bacteria is one of the favored methods to suppress the dust from wind erosion because this type of bacteria produces calcium carbonate (main product) as well as water and carbon dioxide (by-products). In present research, bacterial species of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was used. First, bacteria were cultivated to reach toa pre-determined concentration. Next, bacterial cells and nutrients in the form of solution were sprayed on the soil surface. Then, samples were tested in a closed circuit wind tunnel. Three main groups of samples were tested: without sand bombardment and undisturbed soil surface, with sand bombardment and undisturbed soil surface, and without sand bombardment and with disturbed soil surface. The results show that the implemented method for stabilization of soil was efficient. Moreover, based on the results of second group of tests, curing duration, amount of water, temperature-water interaction and water -bacterial cells interaction were found to be of considerable significance.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20220_897162f3ce65a67b63d7290a7f6bee7e.pdf
2019-10-01
2665
2677
10.24200/sci.2018.20220
wind erosion
dust control
wind tunnel
biocementation
calcium carbonate
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
M.M.
Mohebbi
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, P.O. Box 71348-51156, Iran
AUTHOR
G.
Habibagahi
2
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, P.O. Box 71348-51156, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Niazi
3
Institute of Biotechnology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Ghahramani
ghahrama@shirazu.ac.ir
4
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, P.O. Box 71348-51156, Iran
AUTHOR
References:
1
1. Shao, Y., Physics and Modelling of Wind Erosion, 37, Springer, London (2008).
2
2. Shahsavani, A., Yarahmadi, M., Mesdaghinia, A., Younesyan, M., Jaafarzadeh, N.A., Naeemabadi, A., Salesi, M., and Nadafi, K. "Analysis of dust storms entering Iran with emphasis on Khuzestan province", Hakim Res, 3, pp. 192-202 (2012).
3
3. Refahi, H., Wind Erosion and its Control, Tehran University, Tehran (2004).
4
4. Maleki, M., Ebrahimi, S., Asadzadeh, F., and Tabrizi, M.E. "Performance of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation on wind erosion control of sandy soil", Int. J. Environ Sci Technol, 13, pp. 937-944 (2016).
5
5. Mortensen, B.M., Haber, M.J., DeJong, J.T., Caslake, L.F., and Nelson, D.C. "effects of environmental factors on microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation", Journal of Applied Microbiology, 111, pp. 338- 349 (2011).
6
6. Rebata-Landa, V. "Microbial activity in sediments: Effects on soil behavior", Dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology (2007).
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7. Ivanov, V. and Chu, J. "Applications of microorganisms to geotechnical engineering for bioclogging and biocementation of soil in situ", Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio/Technol, 7(2), pp. 139-153 (2008).
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8. Dejong, J.T., Soga, K., Kavazanjian, E., et al. Biogeochemical processes and geotechnical applications: Progress, opportunities, and challenges", Geotechnique, 63(4), pp. 287-301 (2013).
9
9. Bang, S., Min, S.H., and Bang, S.S. "Application of microbiologically induced soil stabilization technique for dust suppression", Int. J. Geo-Eng, 3(2), pp. 27-37 (2011).
10
10. Stabnikov, V., Chu, J., Myo, A.N., and Ivanov, V. "Immobilization of sand dust and associated pollutants using bioaggregation", Water Air Soil Pollut, 224(9), pp. 1-9 (2013).
11
11. Anderson, J., Bang, S.S., Bang, S., Lee, S.J., Dho, N.Y., Choi, S.R., and Ko, S. "Application of microbial calcite to fiber reinforced soils to reduce wind erosion potential", Int. J. Geo-Eng, 4(2), pp. 47-54 (2012).
12
12. Liu, Y., Cockell, C.S., Wang, G., Hu, C., Chen, L., and De Philippis, R. "Control of lunar and martian dust-experimental insights from artificial and natural cyanobacterial and algal crusts in the desert of Inner Mongolia, China", Astrobiol, 8(1), pp. 75-86 (2008).
13
13. Meyer, F., Bang, S., Min, S., Stetler, L., and Bang, S. "Microbiologically-induced soil stabilization: application of Sporosarcina pasteurii for fugitive dust control", Proc Geo-Frontiers, pp. 4002-4011 (2011).
14
14. O'Brien, P. and Neuman, C.M. "A wind tunnel study of particle kinematics during crust rupture and erosion", Geomorphol, 173, pp. 149-160 (2012).
15
15. Cuadros, J., Spiro, B., Dubbin, W., and Jadubansa, P. "Rapid microbial stabilization of unconsolidated sediment against wind erosion and dust generation", J. Soils Sediments, 10(7), pp. 1415-1426 (2010).
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16. Neuman, C.M. and Maxwell, C. "A wind tunnel study of the resilience of three fungal crusts to particle abrasion during aeolian sediment transport", Catena, 38(2), pp. 151-173 (1999).
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17. Knorr, B.M. "Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation for the mitigation of fugitive dust", Thesis, Arizona State University (2014).
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18. Alsanad, A. "Novel biopolymer treatment for wind induced soil erosion", Dissertation, Arizona State University (2011).
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19. Strong C.L. "Effects of soil crusts on the erodibility of a claypan in the channel country, South-West Queensland, Australia", Dissertation, Griffith University (2007).
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21. Scott, W.D. "Measuring the erosivity of the wind", Catena, 24, pp. 163-175 (1995).
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24. Neuman, C.M., Maxwell, C.D., and Boulton, J.W. "Wind transport of sand surfaces crusted with photoautotrophic microorganisms", Catena, 27(3), pp. 229-247 (1996).
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29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Soft computing-based approach for capacity prediction of FRP-strengthened RC joints
Shear failure of the RC beam-column joints is a brittle failure which has no priorwarning and can induce tremendous damages because of collapse of column and joint before theconnected beam. This paper is focused on one particular method of strengthening the RC joints,that is, the use of FRP composites as confining element. The results of previous studies have shownthat strengthening the RC beam-column joints with FRP composites can improve their shearcapacity. In this study, the data collected from the existing standards and studies regarding the FRp strengthened RC joints were used to develop an artificial neural network model for predicting theshear strength contribution of FRP jacket. The developed model was then used to evaluate the roleof different parameters on this contribution, and finally derive a formula for contribution of FRp jacket to the shear strength of the RC beam-column joints.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20177_705835a5fbe4da66c4233b88466ea75e.pdf
2019-10-01
2678
2688
10.24200/sci.2018.20177
RC Joint
FRP
Capacity
ANN
M.H.
Ilkhani
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Naderpour
naderpour@semnan.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Kheyroddin
kheyroddin@semnan.ac.ir
3
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
AUTHOR
References:
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1. Fardis, M.N. and Khalili, H.H. "FRP-encased concrete as a structural material", Magazine of Concrete Research, 34(121), pp. 191-202 (1982).
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2. Lee, J. and Fenves, G.L. "Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures", Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 124(8), pp. 892-900 (1998).
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3. Antonopoulos, C.P. and Triantafillou, T.C. "Experimental investigation of FRP-strengthened RC beamcolumn joints", Journal of Composites for Construction, 7(1), pp. 39-49 (2003).
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4. Parvin, A. and Granata, P. "Investigation on the effects of fiber composites at concrete joints", Composites Part B: Engineering, 31(6), pp. 499-509 (2000).
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5. Granata, P.J. and Parvin, A. "An experimental study on Kevlar strengthening of beam-column connections", Composite Structures, 53(2), pp. 163-171 (2001).
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6. Rosenblatt, F. "The perceptron: A theory of statistical separability in cognitive system", Cornell Aeronautical Lab. Inc. Rep. No. VG-1196-G-1 (1958).
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7. Yeung, W.T. and Smith, J.W. "Damage detection in bridges using neural networks for pattern recognition of vibration signatures", Eng. Struct., 27(5), pp. 685- 698 (2005). DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.12.006.
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8. Huang, C.S., Hung, S.L., Wen, C.M., and Tu, T.T. "A neural network approach for structural identification and diagnosis of a building from seismic response data", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32(2), pp. 187-206 (2003).
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10. Naderpour, H., Rafiean, A.H., and Fakharian, P. "Compressive strength prediction of environmentally friendly concrete using artificial neural networks", Journal of Building Engineering, 16, pp. 213-219 (2018).
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12. Naderpour, H., Kheyroddin, A., and Amiri, G.G. "Prediction of FRP-confined compressive strength of concrete using artificial neural networks", Composite Structures, 92(12), pp. 2817-2829 (2010).
13
13. Ahmadi, M., Naderpour, H., and Kheyroddin, A. "Utilization of artificial neural networks to prediction of the capacity of CCFT short columns subject to short term axial load", Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 14(3), pp. 510-517 (2014).
14
14. Naderpour, H., Kheyroddin, A., Ghodrati Amiri, G., and Hoseini Vaez, S.R. "Estimating the behavior of FRP-strengthened RC structural members using artificial neural networks", Procedia Engineering, 14, pp. 3183-3190 (2011).
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15. Naderpour, H. and Alavi, S.A. "A proposed model to estimate shear contribution of FRP in strengthened RC beams in terms of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system", Composite Structures, 170, pp. 215-227 (2017).
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16. Ahmadi, M., Naderpour, H., and Kheyroddin, A. "ANN model for predicting the compressive strength of circular steel-confined concrete", International Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(2), pp. 213-221 (2017).
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18
18. Naderpour, H., Khatami, S.M., and Barros, R.C. "Prediction of critical distance between two MDOF systems subjected to seismic excitation in terms of artificial neural networks", Periodica Polytechnica Civil Engineering, 61(3), pp. 516-529 (2017).
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19. Naderpour, H., Ghodrati Amiri, G., Kheyroddin, A., and Hoseini Vaez, S.R. "Seismic evaluation of retrofitted RC frames using neuro-fuzzy algorithms", Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2011, pp. 446-452 (2011).
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20. Akguzel, U. and Pampanin, S. "Effects of variation of axial load and bidirectional loading on seismic performance of GFRP retrofitted reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joints", Journal of Composites for Construction, 14(1), pp. 94-104 (2010).
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26. Karayannis, C.G. and Sirkelis, G.M. "Strengthening and rehabilitation of RC beam-column joints using carbon-FRP jacketing and epoxy resin injection", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 37(5), pp. 769-790 (2008).
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30. Hamad, Bilal S. and Faten, G. Ibrahim "Effect of FRP confinement on bond strength of hooked bars: Normalstrength concrete structures", Journal of Composites for Construction, 13(4), pp. 279-291 (2009).
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31. Alsayed, S.H. "Seismic response of FRP-upgraded exterior RC beam-column joints", Journal of Composites for Construction, 14(2), pp. 195-208 (2010).
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32. Tsonos, A.G. "Effectiveness of CFRP-jackets and RC-jackets in post-earthquake and pre-earthquake retrofitting of beam-column subassemblages", Engineering Structures, 30(3), pp. 777-793 (2008).
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34. Kumar, E.S., Murugesan, A., and Thirugnanam, G. "Experimental study on behavior of retrofitted with FRP wrapped RC beam-column exterior joints subjected to cyclic loading", International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, 1(1), p. 64 (2010).
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35. Ghobarah, A. and El-Amoury, T. "Seismic rehabilitation of deficient exterior concrete frame joints", Journal of Composites for Construction, 9(5), pp. 408- 416 (2005).
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45. Said, A.M. and Nehdi, M.L. "Use of FRP for RC frames in seismic zones: Part I. Evaluation of FRP beam-column joint rehabilitation techniques", Applied Composite Materials, 11(4), pp. 205-226 (2004).
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48. Ugale Ashish, B. and Raut Harshalata, R. "Investigation on behaviour of reinforced concrete beam column joints retrofitted with FRP wrapping", International Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 5, pp. 2278- 3652 (2014).
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50. Dalalbashi, A., Eslami, A., and Ronagh, H. "Plastic hinge relocation in RC joints as an alternative method of retrofitting using FRP", Composite Structures,94(8), pp. 2433-2439 (2012).
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51. Lee, W.-T., Chiou, Y.-J., and Shih, M. "Reinforced concrete beam-column joint strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer", Composite Structures, 92(1), pp. 48-60 (2010).
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54. Saravanan, J. and Kumaran, G. "Joint shear strength of FRP reinforced concrete beam-column joints", Central European Journal of Engineering, 1(1), pp. 89-102 (2011).
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55. Leung, C.K., Ng, M.Y., and Luk, H.C. "Empirical approach for determining ultimate FRP strain in FRPstrengthened concrete beams", Journal of Composites for Construction, 10(2), pp. 125-138 (2006).
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56. Ilkhani, M., Moradi, E., and Lavasani, M. "Calculation of torsion capacity of the reinforced concrete beams using artificial neural network", Soft Computing in Civil Engineering, 1(2), pp. 8-18 (2017).
57
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Airline delay prediction by machine learning algorithms
Flight planning, as one of the challenging issue in the industrial world, is faced with many uncertain conditions. One such condition is delay occurrence, which stems from various factors and imposes considerable costs on airlines, operators, and travelers. With these considerations in mind, we implemented flight delay prediction through proposed approaches that are based on machine learning algorithms. Parameters that enable the effective estimation of delay are identified, after which Bayesian modeling, decision tree, cluster classification, random forest, and hybrid method are applied to estimate the occurrences and magnitude of delay in a network. These methods were tested on a U.S. flight dataset and then refined for a large Iranian airline network. Results showed that the parameters affecting delay in US networks are visibility, wind, and departure time, whereas those affecting delay in Iranian airline flights are fleet age and aircraft type. The proposed approaches exhibited an accuracy of more than 70% in calculating delay occurance and magnitude in both the whole-network US and Iranian. It is hoped that the techniques put forward in this work will enable airline companies to accurately predict delays, improve flight planning, and prevent delay propagation.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20020_ca3a3beb96caf169b6f454c703517d0c.pdf
2019-10-01
2689
2702
10.24200/sci.2017.20020
flight delay predictor
airline delay
Data mining
machine learning algorithms, visibility distance
H.
Khaksar
1
Department of Transportation Engineering and Planning, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Sheikholeslami
sheikh@iust.ac.ir
2
Department of Transportation Engineering and Planning, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
References:
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42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of MIDA method for mid-rise steel structures with non-symmetrical plan
Determination of nonlinear dynamic behavior of structures has always been one of the main goals for both structural and earthquake engineers. One of the newest methods for analyzing seismic behavior of structures is Modal Incremental Dynamic Analysis (MIDA). In fact, this method is an alternative to the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) which is a difficult and time-consuming method. Despite the MIDA's approximate results, advantages such as adequate accuracy, high speed, and low cost has made this method an efficient and appropriate approach. In all previous studies, the proposed models have had a regularized plan, hence, all the analyses have been carried out on a frame. In this study, the MIDA analysis is developed in an unsymmetric-plan type building by considering three structures with 4, 7, and 10 stories having irregularity in plan and thereafter, the accuracy of work has been examined. In this study, by a simplification, instead of considering an unconventional plan, we used a rectangular plan with an eccentricity of 15% between the center of mass and the center of rigidity. Comparing the results of this study with the IDA method proves the high level of accuracy of this method in assessing seismic demands.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21356_702935d843d60483abc3f79f34369d6d.pdf
2019-10-01
2703
2711
10.24200/sci.2019.21356
Modal Incremental Dynamic
Incremental Dynamic Analysis
Unsymmetric-plan building
unconventional plan, Seismic demands
M.
Zanjanchi
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Mofid
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
References:
1
1. Sasaki, K.K., Freeman, S.A., and Paret, T.F. "Multimode pushover procedure (MMP)-A method to identify the effects of higher modes in a pushover analysis", Proceedings of the 6th US National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 620(10), Seattle,Washington (1998).
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2. Moghadam, A.S. and Tso, W.K. "A pushover procedure for tall buildings", Proc. of the Twelfth European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, London, United Kingdom, Paper. No. 395 (2002).
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3. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. "A modal pushover analysis procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 31(3), pp. 561-582 (2002).
4
4. Bergami, A.V., Forte, A., Lavorato, D., and Nuti, C. "Proposal of a incremental modal pushover analysis (IMPA)", Earthq. Struct, 13, pp. 539-549 (2017).
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5. Pan, X., Zheng, Z., and Wang, Z. "Estimation of floor response spectra using modified modal pushover analysis", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 92, pp. 472-487 (2017).
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6. Hashemi, M.J. and Mofid, M. "Evaluation of energybased modal pushover analysis in reinforced concrete frames with elevation irregularity", Scientia Iranica. Transaction A, Civil Engineering, 17(2), pp. 96-106 (2010).
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7. Chopra, A.K. and Goel, R.K. "A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate seismic demands for unsymmetric-plan buildings", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 33(8), pp. 903-927 (2004).
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8. Reyes, J.C. and Chopra, A.K. "Three-dimensional modal pushover analysis of buildings subjected to two components of ground motion, including its evaluation for tall buildings", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics , 40(7), pp. 789-806 (2011).
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10. Poursha, M., Khoshnoudian, F., and Moghadam, A.S. "A consecutive modal pushover procedure for nonlinear static analysis of one-way unsymmetric-plan tall building structures", Engineering Structures, 33(9), pp. 2417-2434 (2011).
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11. Poursha, M., Khoshnoudian, F., and Moghadam, A.S. "The extended consecutive modal pushover procedure for estimating the seismic demands of two-way unsymmetric-plan tall buildings under influence of two horizontal components of ground motions", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 63, pp. 162- 173 (2014).
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12. Poursha, M. and Samarin, E.T. "The modified and extended upper-bound (UB) pushover method for the multi-mode pushover analysis of unsymmetric-plan tall buildings", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 71, pp. 114-127 (2015).
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13. Reyes, J.C., Riano, A.C., Kalkan, E., and Arango, C.M. "Extending modal pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of multistory unsymmetric-plan buildings", Engineering Structures, 88, pp. 125-137 (2015).
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14. Tarbali, K. and Shakeri, K. "Story shear and torsional moment-based pushover procedure for asymmetricplan buildings using an adaptive capacity spectrum method", Engineering Structures, 79, pp. 32-44 (2014).
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15. Belejo, A. and Bento, R. "Improved modal pushover analysis in seismic assessment of asymmetric plan buildings under the influence of one and two horizontal components of ground motions", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 87, pp. 1-15 (2016).
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16. Soleimani, S., Aziminejad, A., and Moghadam, A.S. "Extending the concept of energy-based pushover analysis to assess seismic demands of asymmetric-plan buildings", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 93, pp. 29-41 (2017).
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20. Jalili Sadr Abad, M., Mahmoudi, M., and Dowell, E. "Novel technique for dynamic analysis of shear-frames based on energy balance equations", Scientia Iranica (2018) (In press). DOI: 10.24200/sci.2018.20790.
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27. Charney, F.A., Seismic Loads: Guide to the Seismic Load Provisions of ASCE 7-10, American Society of Civil Engineers (2015).
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental study of the effect of water to cement ratio on mechanical properties and durability of nano-silica concretes with polypropylene fibers
In the present paper, the effect of Nano silica on mechanical properties and durability of concrete containing polypropylene fibers has been investigated. Here, the length and length to diameter ratio of used polypropylene fibers were considered to be fixed and equal to 18 mm and 600 respectively and the cement content was 479 kg/m3. The effect of fibers and Nano silica in four different percentages at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 percent by volume for fibers and 3 percent for Nano silica in concrete with water to cement ratio of 0.33, 0.36, 0.4, 0.44 and 0.5 have been compared and evaluated. In total, more than 425 cubic and cylindrical specimens were made according to ASTM standards. Finally, samples of polypropylene fiber containing Nano-silica were tested under compressive loads, flexural strength, indirect tensile strength (Brazilian test), abrasion resistance, permeability and porosity and their mechanical properties were evaluated. The test results showed a significant increase in mechanical properties improvement and durability of concrete. Compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and abrasion resistance (of concrete) increased up to 55%, 25%, 49%, and 45% respectively. Also, considerable reduction of hydraulic conductivity coefficient to 50% indicates high durability of these types of concrete.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20014_3a237baf69fa9767c6cf7669426e2ffc.pdf
2019-10-01
2712
2722
10.24200/sci.2017.5077.1079
concrete
Nano-silica
Polypropylene fiber
Mechanical properties of concrete
ASTM standard
K.
Rahmani
k.rahmani@iau-mahabad.ac.ir
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Ghaemian
mohsen.ghameian@gmail.com
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. A.
Hosseini
ostad_so@ahoo.com
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
References:
1
1. Farnam, Y., Shekarchi, M., and Mirdamadi, A. "Experimental investigation of impact behavior of high strength fiber reinforced concrete panels", 2nd Int. Symp. on Ultra High Performance Concrete., Kassel, Germany, pp. 751-758 (2008).
2
2. Huang, W.H. "Properties of cement y ash grout admixed with bentonite, silica fume, or organic fiber", Cem. Concr. Res., 27(3), pp. 395-406 (1997).
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3. Huang, W.H. "Improving the properties of cement y ash grout using fiber and superplasticizer", Cem. Concr. Res., 31(7), pp. 1033-1041 (2001).
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5. Mugume, R.B. and Takashi, H. "Effect of fibre type and geometry on maximum pore pressures in fibrereinforced high strength concrete at elevated temperatures", Cem. Concr. Res., 42, pp. 459-466 (2012).
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6. Bangi, M.R. and Horiguchi, T. "Pore pressure development in hybrid fibre-reinforced high strength concrete at elevated temperatures", Cem. Concr. Res., 41, pp. 1150-1156 (2011).
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7. Saka, T. "Spalling potential of fire exposed structural concrete", Proc. of the 1st Int. Workshop on Concr. Spalling due to Fire Expos., Leipzig, Germany, pp. 3-5 (2009).
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8. Khoury, G.A. "Polypropylene fibres in heated concrete, Part 2: Pressure relief mechanisms and modelling criteria", Mag. Concr. Res., 60, pp. 189-204 (2008).
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9. Olivito, R.S. and Zuccarello, F.A. "An experimental study on the tensile strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete", Composites Part B: Eng., 41(3), pp. 246- 255 (2010).
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10. Zhang, P. and Li, Q.-F. "Combined effect of silica fume and polypropylene fiberon drying shrinkage properties of concrete composites containing y ash", Scientia Iranica, 20(5), pp. 1372-1380 (2013).
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11. Kalifa, P., Chene, G., and Galle, C. "High-temperature behaviour of HPC with polypropylene fibres - from spalling to microstructure", Cem. Concr. Res., 31, pp. 1487-1499 (2001).
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12. Noumowe, A. "Mechanical properties and microstructure of high strength concrete containing polypropylene fibres exposed to temperatures up to 200C", Cem. Concr. Res., 35, pp. 2192-2198 (2005).
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13. Zeiml, M., Leithner, D., Lackner, R., and Herbert, A.M. "How do polypropylene fibers improve the spalling behavior of in-situ concrete?", Cem. Concr. Res., 36, pp. 929-942 (2006).
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14. Bilodeau, A., Kodur, V.K.R., and Hoff, G.C. "Optimization of the type and amount of polypropylene fibers for preventing the spalling of lightweight concrete subjected to hydrocarbon fire", Cem. Concr. Compos., 26, pp. 163-174 (2004).
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15. Ozawa, M. and Morimoto, H. "Effects of various fibres on high-temperature spalling in high-performance concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 71, pp. 83-92 (2014).
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16. Kodur, V. "Properties of concrete at elevated temperatures", ISRN Civ. Eng., 2014, pp. 1-15 (2014).
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17. Consoli, N.C., Vendruscolo, M.A., Fonini, A., and Rosa, F.D. "Fiber reinforcement effects on sand considering a wide cementation range", Geotext. Geomemb., 27(3), pp. 196-203 (2009).
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18. Unterweger, C., Bruggemann, O., and Furst, C. "Effects of different fibers on the properties of short-fiberreinforced polypropylene composites", Combust. Sci. Technol., 13, pp. 49-55 (2014a).
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19. Unterweger, C., Bruggemann, O., and Furst, C. "Synthetic fibers and thermoplastic short-fiber-reinforced polymers: properties and characterization", Polym. Compos., 35, pp. 227-236 (2014b).
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20. Kayali, O., Haque, M.N., and Zho, B. "Some characteristics of high strength fibre reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete", Cem. Concr. Compos., 25, pp. 207-213 (2003).
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21. Nili, M. and Afroughsabet, V. "Combined effect of silica fume and steel fibers on the impact resistance and mechanical properties of concrete", Int. J. Impact Eng., 37(8), pp. 879-886 (2010).
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22. Gonen, T. and Yazicioglu, S. "The influence of compaction pores on sorptivity and carbonation of concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 21(5), pp. 1040-1045 (2007).
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23. Basheer, L., Basheer, P.A.M., and Long, A.E. "Influence of meso-macro aggregate on the permeation, durability and the microstructure characteristics of ordinary Portland cement concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 19(9), pp. 682-690 (2005).
24
24. Kumara, R. and Bhattacharjee, B. "Porosity, pore size distribution and in situ strength of concrete", Cem. Concr. Res., 33(1), pp. 155-164 (2003).
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25. Tijani, A.I., Yang, J., and Dirar, S. "Enhancing the performance of recycled aggregate concrete with microsilica", Int. J. Struct. Civil Eng. Res., 4(4), pp. 347-353 (2015).
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26. Maslennikov, S., Dmitrienko, V., Kokunko, I., and Dmitrienko, N. "Investigating the micro silica effect on the concrete strength", Matec Web of Conf., 106, pp. 25-30 (2017).
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27. Subramanian, E.S., Arunkumar, P., and Arul, N. "Strength and durability properties of self-compacting concrete with micro silica and nano-silica", Int. Res. J. of Eng. and Tech., 04(01), pp. 146-149 (2017).
28
28. Khanzadi, M., Tadayon, H., and Sepehri, M. "Influence of nano-silica particles on mechanical properties and permeability of concrete", 2nd Int. Conf. on Sust. Const. Materials and Tech., Ancona, Italy, pp. 28-30 (2010).
29
29. Yermak, N., Pliya, P., Beaucour, A.-L., Simon, A., and Noumowe, A. "Influence of steel and/or polypropylene fibers on the behavior of concrete at high temperature: Spalling, transfer and mechanical properties", Const. Build. Mat., 132, pp. 240-250 (2017).
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30. ASTM C1018 "Standard test method for flexural toughness and first crack strength of fiber reinforced concrete (using beam with third point loading)".
31
31. ASTM C496 "Standard test method for tensile strength of concrete".
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32. ASTM C1920-5 "Standard test method for permeability and hydraulic conductivity of concrete".
33
33. ASTM C1084 "Standard test method for portlandcement content of hardened hydraulic-cement concrete.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reinforcement-dependent long-term deflection response of baked clay beams
Reinforced Baked Clay (RBC) might serve as low cost material of building construction to substitute Reinforced Cement concrete (RCC). Deflection of a beam under a sustained load is considered an important parameter. It is not yet reported in literature what is the effect of reinforcement on long-term deflection response of RBC beams and relative comparison to that of RCC beams. For this purpose, RBC beams were manufactured, baked, and post-reinforced in tension zone only with three ratios of reinforcement (i.e., 0.003, 0.006, and 0.009). All the beams were subjected to a sustained load of 50 kN for one year. The results indicate that long-term deflection of RBC beams was reduced to 20%, and 50% when the reinforcement ratio was increased to 2 and 3 times of the initial reinforcement ratio of 0.003, respectively. The ultimate load carrying capacity of the RBC beams was similar to that of RCC beams. The deflection of RBC beams was thrice of the deflection of RCC beams. This paper shows that RBC beams could be utilized instead of RCC ones with no sacrifice on strength.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_4601_381480bf29d1c311baa49bd72b9b322b.pdf
2019-10-01
2723
2730
10.24200/sci.2017.5147.1120
Reinforced baked clay
Beams
Deflection
ACI
Sustained load
Low-cost material
M.
Auchar Zardari
muhammad.auchar@quest.edu.pk
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Ali Lakho
nawablakho@gmail.com
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan
AUTHOR
References:
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1. Ghaus, A. and Pasha, H. A. "Magnitude of the housing shortage in Pakistan", Pak Dev Rev, 29, pp. 137-153 (1990).
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2. Kiani, M.F. and Siyal, H.B. "Dimensions of urban growth in Pakistan", Pak Dev Rev, 30, pp. 681-691 (1991).
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3. Faiella, G., The Technology of Mesopotamia, The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., New York (2006).
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4. Bertman, S., Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia, Oxford University Press (2003).
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5. Arnold, D., Gardiner, S.H., Strudwick, H., and Strudwick, N., The Encyclopedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture, Princeton University Press (2003).
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6. Pearson, D., The New Natural House Book: Creating a Healthy, Harmonious, and Ecologically Sound Home, Simon and Schuster (1998).
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7. McIntosh, J., The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives, ABC-CLIO (2008).
8
8. Ansari, A.A. and Memon, M. "Performance of postreinforced baked clay panel of beams", Proceedings of the 3rd CUTSE International Conference Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia, pp. 334-342 (2011).
9
9. Ansari, A.A. "Suitability of pre-perforated postreinforced baked clay beam panels for low cost housing", Am. J. Civ. Eng., 1(1), pp. 6-15 (2013).
10
10. Lakho, N.A. and Zardari, M.A. "Relation between compressive strength of baked clay cubes and cylinders", Engineering, 8(8), pp. 509-514 (2016).
11
11. Lakho, N.A. and Zardari, M.A. "Effect of reinforcement on deflection and cracks in baked clay beams", Engineering, 8(10), pp. 684-690 (2016).
12
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Artificial coronary circulation system: A new bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm
A new swarm intelligence optimization technique is proposed, called Artificial Coronary Circulation System (ACCS). This optimization method simulates the coronary arteries (veins) growth on human heart. In this algorithm, each capillary is considered as a candidate solution. This algorithm starts with a random initial population of candidate solutions, and by using Coronary Growth Factor (CGF) evaluates the solutions. In each run the best candidate solution is selected as the main coronary vessel (artery or vein) and the other capillaries are considered as searchers of the search space. Then the heart decides other candidates to move toward/away from the main coronary vessels and searches for the optimal solution by using the heart memory. Finally, application of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using some benchmark functions and some mechanical problems, confirming the potential and capability of the new algorithm.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21366_bbecc783584ac6511e5e2644da207d3a.pdf
2019-10-01
2731
2747
10.24200/sci.2019.21366
Metaheuristic algorithm
optimization
artificial coronary circulation system
coronary arteries growth
human heart arterial tree
A.
Kaveh
alikaveh@just.ac.ir
1
School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran-16, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Kooshkebaghi
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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