ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Three decades of the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) optimization algorithm: Review and applications
The Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) method developed at the University of Arizona is a global optimization algorithm, initially developed by [1] for the calibrationof conceptual rainfall-runoff (CRR) models. SCE-UA searches for the global optimumof a function by evolving clusters of samples drawn from the parameter space, via a systematiccompetitive evolutionary process. Being a general purpose global optimization algorithm, it has found widespread applications across a diverse range of science and engineering fields. Here, we recount the history of the development of the SCE-UA algorithm and its later advancements. We also present a survey of illustrative applications of the SCE-UA algorithm and discuss its extensions to multi-objective problems and touncertainty assessment. Finally, we suggest potential directions for future investigation.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21500_450f38271fba3ad969d3c43c83635f5a.pdf
2019-08-01
2015
2031
10.24200/sci.2019.21500
optimization
Hydrology
Shuffled Complex Evolution
SCE-UA
Water Resources
Evolutionary algorithm
Multi-objective
Uncertainty assessment
M.
Rahnamay Naeini
rahnamam@uci.edu
1
Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS) & Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
B.
Analui
bita.analui@uci.edu
2
Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS) & Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
AUTHOR
H.V.
Gupta
3
Department of Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
AUTHOR
Q.
Duan
4
Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
AUTHOR
S.
Sorooshian
soroosh@uci.edu
5
Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing (CHRS) & Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.; Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
AUTHOR
Refrences:
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Nasonova, O.N., Gusev, Y.M., Volodin, E.M., et al. Application of the land surface model SWAP and global climate model INMCM4.0 for projecting runo_ of northern Russian rivers. 1. Historical simulations", Water Resources, 45(2), pp. 73-84 (2018). 140. Gusev, E., Nasonova, O.N., Kovalev, E., et al. Modelling water balance components of river basins located in di_erent regions of the globe", Water Resources, 45(2), pp. 53-64 (2018). 141. Eckhardt, K. and Arnold, J. Automatic calibration of a distributed catchment model", Journal of Hydrology, 251(1-2), pp. 103-109 (2001). 142. Van Liew, M.W., Veith, T.L., Bosch, D.D., et al. Suitability of SWAT for the conservation e_ects assessment project: Comparison on USDA agricultural research service watersheds", Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 12(2), pp. 173-189 (2007). M. Rahnamay Naeini et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2015{2031 2029 143. Green, C. and Van Griensven, A. Autocalibration in hydrologic modeling: Using SWAT2005 in small-scale watersheds", Environmental Modelling & Software, 23(4), pp. 422-434 (2008). 144. Yu, D., Xie, P., Dong, X., et al. Improvement of the SWAT model for event-based ood simulation on a sub-daily timescale", Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 22(9), pp. 5001-5019 (2018). 145. Rouhani, H. and Leconte, R. A methodological framework to assess PMP and PMF in snowdominated watersheds under changing climate conditions - A case study of three watersheds in Qu_ebec (Canada)", Journal of Hydrology, 561, pp. 796-809 (2018). 146. Chiew, F., Kirono, D., Kent, D., et al. Comparison of runo_ modelled using rainfall from di_erent downscaling methods for historical and future climates", Journal of Hydrology, 387(1-2), pp. 10-23 (2010). 147. Vaze, J., Post, D., Chiew, F., et al. Conceptual rainfall-runo_ model performance with di_erent spatial rainfall inputs", Journal of Hydrometeorology, 12(5), pp. 1100-1112 (2011). 148. Duan, D. and Mei, Y. Comparison of meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought responses to climate change and uncertainty assessment", Water Resources Management, 28(14), pp. 5039-5054 (2014). 149. Khan, U., Ajami, H., Tuteja, N.K., et al. Catchment scale simulations of soil moisture dynamics using an equivalent cross-section based hydrological modelling approach", Journal of Hydrology, 564, pp. 944-966 (2018). 150. Potter, N., Ekstrom, M., Chiew, F., et al. Changesignal impacts in downscaled data and its inuence on hydroclimate projections", Journal of Hydrology, 564, pp. 12-25 (2018). 151. Rossman, L.A. Storm water management model user's manual", version 5.0. Cincinnati: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, O_ce of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency (2010). 152. Lee, S. and Kang, T. 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5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Profile and wavefront optimization by metaheuristic algorithms for efficient finite element analysis
For an efficient solution of the equations arising from finite element analysis, the stiffness matrix of the model should be structured. This can be done by reducing the profile or wavefront of the corresponding graph matrix of the structure depending on whether skyline or frontal method being used, respectively. One of the efficient methods to achieve this goal is the use of the method of King, extended by Sloan. In this paper the coefficients of the priority function utilized in the generalized Sloan’s method are optimized using the recently developed metaheuristic algorithm, so-called vibrating particles system. The results are compared to those of other metaheuristic algorithms consisting of the particle swarm optimization, colliding bodies optimization, enhanced colliding bodies optimization, and tug of war optimization. These metaheuristics, are used for optimum nodal numbering of the graph models of the finite element meshes to reduce the profile and wavefront of the corresponding sparse matrices. Comparison of the results achieved by these metaheuristic algorithms and those of the King and Sloan, demonstrates the efficiency of the new metaheuristic utilized for profile and wavefront optimization.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20163_1cbad6b7212efd603243c4ff276bc5e1.pdf
2019-08-01
2032
2046
10.24200/sci.2018.20163
Profile and wavefront reduction
ordering
colliding bodies optimization (CBO)
enhanced colliding bodies optimization (ECBO)
tug of war optimization (TWO)
vibrating particles system (VPS)
A.
Kaveh
kaveh@iust.ac.ir
1
Centre of Excellence for Fundamental Studies in Structural Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sh.
Bijari
2
School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Iran
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Kaveh, A. Applications of topology and matroid theory to the analysis of structures", Ph.D. Thesis, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London University, UK (1974).
2
2. Kaveh, A., Structural Mechanics: Graph and Matrix Methods, Research Studies Press, 3rd edition, Somerset, UK (2004).
3
3. Kaveh, A., Optimal Structural Analysis, John Wiley, 2nd Edn., Chichester, UK (2006).
4
4. Papademetrious, C.H. The NP-completeness of bandwidth minimization problem", Comput. J., 16, pp. 177-192 (1976). 5. Gibbs, N.E., Poole, W.G., and Stockmeyer, P.K. An algorithm for reducing the bandwidth and pro_le of a sparse matrix", SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 12, pp. 236- 250 (1976). 6. Cuthill, E. and McKee, J. Reducing the bandwidth of sparse symmetric matrices", Proceedings of the 24th National Conference ACM, Bradon System Press, NJ, pp. 157-172 (1969). 7. Bernardes, J.A.B. and Oliveira, S.L.G.D. A systematic review of heuristics for pro_le reduction of symmetric matrices", Procd. Comput. Sci., 51, pp. 221-230 (2015). 8. King, I.P. An automatic reordering scheme for simultaneous equations derived from network systems", Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 2, pp. 523-533 (1970). 9. Kaveh, A. and Behzadi, A.M. An e_cient algorithm for nodal ordering of networks", Iran. J. Sci. Technol., Transactions in Civil Engineering, 11, pp. 11-18 (1987). 10. Kaveh, A. and Roosta, G.R. Comparative study of _nite element nodal ordering methods", Eng. J., 20(1&2), pp. 86-96 (1998). 11. Koohestani, B. and Poli, R. Addressing the envelope reduction of sparse matrices using a genetic programming system", Comput. Optimiz. Appl., 60, pp. 789- 814 (2014). 12. Kaveh, A., Advances in Metaheuristic Algorithms for Optimal Design of Structures, 2nd Edn., Springer International Publishing, Switzerland (2017). 13. Kaveh, A. and Mahdavi, V.R. Colliding bodies optimization: A novel meta-heuristic method", Comput. Struct., 139, pp. 18-27 (2014). 14. Kaveh, A. and Ilchi Ghazaan, M. Enhanced colliding bodies optimization for design problems with continuous and discrete variables", Adv. Eng. Softw., 77, pp. 66-75 (2014). 15. Kaveh, A. and Zolghadr, A. A novel meta-heuristic algorithm: tug of war optimization", Int. J. Optim. Civil Eng., 6, pp. 469-492 (2016). 16. Kaveh, A. and Ilchi Ghazaan, M. A new metaheuristic algorithm: vibrating particles system", Sci. Iran., 24(2), pp. 551-566 (2017). 17. Sloan, S.W. An algorithm for pro_le and wavefront reduction of sparse matrices", Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 23, pp. 1693-1704 (1986). 18. Kaveh, A. and Rahimi Bondarabdy, H.A. A hybrid method for _nite element ordering", Comput. Struct., 80(3-4), pp. 219-225 (2002). 19. Rahimi Bondarabady, H.A., and Kaveh, A. Nodal ordering using graph theory and a genetic algorithm", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 40(9-10), pp. 1271-1280 (2004). 20. Kaveh, A. and Shara_, P. Optimal priority functions for pro_le reduction using ant colony optimization", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 44, pp. 131-138 (2008). 21. Kaveh, A. and Shara_, P. Ordering for bandwidth and pro_le minimization problems via charged system search algorithm", Iran. J. Sci. Technol., Transactions in Civil Engineering, 36(C1), pp. 39-52 (2012). 22. Kaveh, A. and Bijari, Sh. Bandwidth, pro_le and wavefront optimization using PSO, CBO, ECBO and TWO algorithms", Iran. J. Sci. Technol., Transactions in Civil Engineering, 41(1), pp. 1-12 (2017). 23. Everstine, G.C. A comparison of three resequencing algorithms for the reduction of matrix pro_le and wavefront", Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 14(6), pp. 837-853 (1979).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Instantaneous and Equilibrium Responses of the Brain Tissue by Stress Relaxation and Quasi-Linear Viscoelasticity Theory
Human brain and brainstem tissues have viscoelastic characteristics and their behaviours are functions of strains, as well as strain rates. Determination of the equilibrium and instantaneous stresses happening at low and high strain rates provide insights into a better understanding of the behaviour of such tissues. In this manuscript we present the results of a series of stress relaxation tests, at six different values of strains conducted on porcine brainstem tissue samples to indirectly measure the equilibrium and instantaneous stresses. The equilibrium stresses at low strain rates are measured from long-term responses of the stress relaxation test. The instantaneous stresses at high strain rates are determined using Quasi-Linear Viscoelasticity (QLV) theory at six strains. The results show that the instantaneous stresses are much larger (almost 11 times) than the equilibrium stresses and across all the strains. It can be concluded that the instantaneous response can be reasonably estimated from the long-term response which can be easily measured experimentally. The experimental results also show that the reduced relaxation moduli, estimated from the QLV theory, vary for the six strains tested.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21314_22cc9cd260e012816776864f458682bf.pdf
2019-08-01
2047
2056
10.24200/sci.2019.21314
Quasi-Linear Viscoelasticity Theory
brain response
brainstem tissue
stress relaxation test
instantaneous response
long term stress
M.
Hosseini-Farid
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
AUTHOR
A.
Rezaei
2
Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
AUTHOR
A.
Eslaminejad
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
AUTHOR
M.
Ramzanpour
4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
AUTHOR
M.
Ziejewski
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
AUTHOR
G.
Karami
g.karami@ndsu.edu
6
Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
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2
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3
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A micromechanical procedure for viscoelastic characterization of the axons and ECM of the brainstem", Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 30, pp. 290-299 (2014). 13. Goriely, A., Geers, M.G.D., Holzapfel, G.A.W., Jayamohan, J., J_erusalem, A., Sivaloganathan, S., Squier, W., van Dommelen, J.A.W., Waters, S., and Kuhl, E. Mechanics of the brain: perspectives, challenges, and opportunities", Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 14(5), pp. 931-965 (2015). 14. Tamura, A., Hayashi, S., Watanabe, I., Nagayama, K., and Matsumoto, T. Mechanical characterization of brain tissue in high-rate compression", Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering, 2(3), pp. 115- 126 (2007). 15. Miller, K. and Chinzei, K. Constitutive modeling of brain tissue: experiment and theory", Journal of Biomechanics, 30, pp. 1115-1121 (1997). 16. Rashid, B., Destrade, M., and Gilchrist, M.D. Mechanical characterization of brain tissue in compression at dynamic strain rates", Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 10, pp. 23-38 (2012). 17. Darvish, K. and Crandall, J. Nonlinear viscoelastic e_ects in oscillatory shear deformation of brain tissue", Medical Engineering & Physics, 23(9), pp. 633-645 (2001). 18. Chatelin, S., Constantinesco, A., and Willinger, R. Fifty years of brain tissue mechanical testing: from in vitro to in vivo investigations", Biorheology, 47(5- 6), pp. 255-276 (2010). 19. Zhao, H., Yin, Z., Li, K., Liao, Z., Xiang, H., and Zhu, F. Mechanical characterization of immature porcine brainstem in tension at dynamic strain rates", Medical Science Monitor Basic Research, 22, p. 6 (2016). 20. Moran, R., Smith, J.H., and Garc__a, J.J. Fitted hyperelastic parameters for human brain tissue from M. Hosseini-Farid et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2047{2056 2055 reported tension, compression, and shear tests", Journal of Biomechanics, 47(15), pp. 3762-3766 (2014). 21. Destrade, M., Gilchrist, M., Murphy, J.G., Rashid, B., and Saccomandi, G. Extreme softness of brain matter in simple shear", International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 75, pp. 54-58 (2015). 22. El Sayed, T., Mota, A., Feraternali, F., and Ortiz, M. A variational constitutive model for soft biological tissues", Journal of Biomechanics, 41, pp. 1458-1466 (2008). 23. Prevost, T.P., Balakrishnan, A., Suresh, S., and Socrate, S. Biomechanics of brain tissue", Acta Biomaterialia, 7(1), pp. 83-95 (2011). 24. Kohandel, M., Sivaloganathan, S., Tenti, G., and Drake, J.M. The constitutive properties of the brain parenchyma Part 1. Strain energy approach", Medical Engineering & Physics, 28, pp. 449-454 (2006). 25. Voyiadjis, G.Z. and Samadi-Dooki, A. 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Hyperelastic modeling of sino-nasal tissue for haptic neurosurgery simulation", Scientia Iranica, http://scientiairanica. sharif.edu/article 21263.html (2019). 33. Babaei, B., Abramowitch, S.D., Elson, E.L., Thomopoulos, S., and Genin, G.M. A discrete spectral analysis for determining quasi-linear viscoelastic properties of biological materials", Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 12(113), p. 20150707 (2015). 34. Garo, A., Hrapko, M., Van Dommelen, J.A.W., and Peters, G.W. Towards a reliable characterisation of the mechanical behaviour of brain tissue: the e_ects of post-mortem time and sample preparation", Biorheology, 44(1), pp. 51-58 (2007). 35. Abbasi, A.A., Ahmadian, M.T., Alizadeh, A., and Tarighi, S. Application of hyperelastic models in mechanical properties prediction of mouse oocyte and embryo cells at large deformations", Scientia Iranica, 25(2), pp. 700-710 (2018). 36. Budday, S., Sommer, G., Holzapfel, G., Steinmann, P., and Kuhl, E. 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On algorithms of evaluation of Fung's relaxation function parameters", Journal of Biomechanics, 20(4), pp. 343-352 (1987). 42. Rousseau, E., Sauren, A., Van Hout, M., and Van Steenhoven, A. Elastic and viscoelastic material behaviour of fresh and glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valve tissue", Journal of Biomechanics, 16(5), pp. 339-348 (1983). 43. Sauren, A. and Rousseau, E. A concise sensitivity analysis of the quasi-linear viscoelastic model proposed by Fung", J. Biomech. Eng., 105(1), pp. 92-95 (1983). 44. Hrapko, M., van Dommelen, J.A.W., Peters, G.W.M., and Wismans, J.S.H.M. The mechanical behaviour of brain tissue: large strain response and constitutive modeling", Biorheology, 43, pp. 623-636 (2006). 2056 M. Hosseini-Farid et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2047{2056 45. Mendis, K.K., Stalnaker, R.K., and Advani, S.H. A constitutive relationship for large deformation _nite element modeling of brain tissue", Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 117, pp. 279-285 (1995). 46. Pervin, F. and Chen, W.W. Dynamic mechanical response of bovine gray matter and white matter brain tissues under compression",Journal of Biomechanics, 42(6), pp. 731-735 (2009).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis of laminated composite plates based on THB-RKPM method using the higher order shear deformation plate theory
In the present investigation, static, free vibration and buckling response of laminated composite plates based on the coupling of truncated hierarchical B-splines (THB-splines) and reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) within higher order shear deformation plate theory are presented. The coupled THB-RKPM method blends the advantages of the isogeometric analysis and meshfree methods. Since under certain conditions, the isogeometric B-spline and NURBS basis functions are exactly represented by reproducing kernel meshfree shape functions, recursive process of producing isogeometric bases can be omitted. More importantly, a seamless link between meshfree methods and isogeometric analysis can be easily defined which provide an authentic meshfree approach to refine the model locally in isogeometric analysis. This procedure can be accomplished using truncated hierarchical B-splines to construct new bases and adaptively refine them. It is shown that THB-RKPM method is ideally appropriate for local refinement of laminated composite plates in the framework of isogeometric analysis. The flexibility of the proposed method for refining basis functions leads to decrease the computational cost without losing the accuracy of the solution. Numerical examples considering different boundary conditions, various aspect ratios, stiffness ratios and fiber orientations demonstrate validity and versatility of the proposed method.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21417_cd6ad970ed7aa5b54f32eac2d2e85f56.pdf
2019-08-01
2057
2078
10.24200/sci.2019.21417
Laminated composite plates
Higher order shear deformation theory
NURBS
THB-splines
Reproducing kernel particle method
H.R.
Atri
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Shojaee
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Dimitri, R., Fantuzzi, N., Li, Y., and Tornabene, F. Numerical computation of the crack development and SIF in composite materials with XFEM and SFEM", Composite Structures, 160, pp. 468-490 (2017).
2
2. Liu, B., Huang, L., Kaveendran, B., Geng, L., Cui, X., Wei, S., and Yin, F. Tensile and bending behaviors and characteristics of laminated Ti-(TiBw/Ti) composites with di_erent interface status", Composites Part B: Engineering, 108, pp. 377-385 (2017).
3
3. Monti, A., El Mahi, A., Jendli, Z., and Guillaumat, L. Experimental and _nite elements analysis of the vibration behaviour of a bio-based composite sandwich beam", Composites Part B: Engineering, 110, pp. 466- 475 (2017).
4
4. Jari, H., Atri, H., and Shojaee, S. Nonlinear thermal analysis of functionally graded material plates using a NURBS based isogeometric approach", Composite Structures, 119, pp. 333-345 (2015). 5. Behjat, B., Salehi, M., Armin, A., Sadighi, M., and Abbasi, M. Static and dynamic analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric plates under mechanical and electrical loading", Scientia Iranica, 18, pp. 986-994 (2011). 6. Alashti, R.A., Khorsand, M., and Tarahhomi, M. Thermo-elastic analysis of a functionally graded spherical shell with piezoelectric layers by di_erential quadrature method", Scientia Iranica, 20, pp. 109-119 (2013). 7. Carrera, E., Brischetto, S., and Nali, P., Plates and Shells for Smart Structures: Classical and Advanced Theories for Modeling and Analysis, John Wiley & Sons (2011). 8. Carrera, E., Cinefra, M., and Li, G. Re_ned _nite element solutions for anisotropic laminated plates", Composite Structures, 183, pp. 63-76 (2018). 9. Reddy, J.N., Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates and Shells: Theory and Analysis, CRC press (2004). 10. Hughes, T.J., Cottrell, J.A., and Bazilevs, Y. Isogeometric analysis: CAD, _nite elements, NURBS, exact geometry and mesh re_nement", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 194, pp. 4135- 4195 (2005). 11. Guo, Y. and Ruess, M. A layerwise isogeometric approach for NURBS-derived laminate composite shells", Composite Structures, 124, pp. 300-309 (2015). 12. Natarajan, S., Ferreira, A., and Nguyen-Xuan, H. Analysis of cross-ply laminated plates using isogeometric analysis and uni_ed formulation", Curved Layer. Struct., 1, pp. 1-10 (2014). 13. Thai, C.H., Ferreira, A., Carrera, E., and Nguyen- Xuan, H. Isogeometric analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates using a layerwise deformation theory", Composite Structures, 104, pp. 196-214 (2013). 14. Thai, C.H., Nguyen-Xuan, H., Bordas, S.P.A., Nguyen-Thanh, N., and Rabczuk, T. Isogeometric analysis of laminated composite plates using the higher-order shear deformation theory", Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 22, pp. 451-469 (2015). 15. Sederberg, T.W., Cardon, D.L., Finnigan, G.T., North, N.S., Zheng, J., and Lyche, T. T-spline simpli- _cation and local re_nement", ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG), 23, pp. 276-283 (2004). 16. Forsey, D.R. and Bartels, R.H. Hierarchical B-spline re_nement", ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics, 22, pp. 205-212 (1988). H.R. Atri and S. Shojaee/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2057{2078 2077 17. Li, X., Deng, J., and Chen, F. Surface modeling with polynomial splines over hierarchical T-meshes", The Visual Computer, 23, pp. 1027-1033 (2007). 18. Dokken, T., Lyche, T., and Pettersen, K.F. Polynomial splines over locally re_ned box-partitions", Computer Aided Geometric Design, 30, pp. 331-356 (2013). 19. Giannelli, C., Juttler, B., Kleiss, S.K., Mantzaaris, A., Simeon, B., and _Speh, J. 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Bui, T.Q., Nguyen, M.N., and Zhang, C. An e_cient meshfree method for vibration analysis of laminated composite plates", Computational Mechanics, 48, pp. 175-193 (2011). 26. Somireddy, M. and Rajagopal, A. Meshless natural neighbor Galerkin method for the bending and vibration analysis of composite plates", Composite Structures, 111, pp. 138-146 (2014). 27. Rosolen, A. and Arroyo, M. Blending isogeometric analysis and local maximum entropy meshfree approximants", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 264, pp. 95-107 (2013). 28. Valizadeh, N., Bazilevs, Y., Chen, J., and Rabczuk, T. A coupled IGA-Meshfree discretization of arbitrary order of accuracy and without global geometry parameterization", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 293, pp. 20-37 (2015). 29. Sambridge, M., Braun, J., and Mcqueen, H. 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Faraji, S., Kolahdoozan, M., and Afshar, M. Collocated Mixed Discrete Least Squares Meshless (CMDLSM) method for solving quadratic partial differential equations", Scientia Iranica, 25, pp. 2000- 2011 (2018). 36. Reddy, J.N. A simple higher-order theory for laminated composite plates", Journal of Applied Mechanics, 51, pp. 745-752 (1984). 37. Faraji, S., Kolahdoozan, M., and Afshar, M. Mixed discrete least squares meshless method for solving the linear and non-linear propagation problems", Scientia Iranica, 25, pp. 565-578 (2018). 38. Roque, C., Cunha, D., Shu, C., and Ferreira, A. A local radial basis functions-_nite di_erences technique for the analysis of composite plates", Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, 35, pp. 363-374 (2011). 39. Reddy, J.N., An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, McGraw-Hill, New York (1993). 40. Reddy, J., Energy and Variational Methods in Applied Mechanics, 1984, Springer Science, and Business Media (2000). 41. Liew, K., Wang, J., Ng, T., and Tan, M. Free vibration and buckling analyses of shear-deformable plates based on FSDT meshfree method", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 276, pp. 997-1017 (2004). 42. Ferreira, A., Roque, C., Neves, A., Jorge, R., Soares, C., and Liew, K.M. Buckling and vibration analysis of isotropic and laminated plates by radial basis functions", Composites Part B: Engineering, 42, pp. 592-606 (2011). 43. Liew, K.-M., Xiang, Y., Kitipornchai, S., and Wang, C., Vibration of Mindlin Plates: Programming the pversion Ritz Method, Elsevier (1998). 44. Kitipornchai, S., Xiang, Y., Wang, C., and Liew, K. Buckling of thick skew plates", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 36, pp. 1299- 1310 (1993). 45. Belinha, J. and Dinis, L. Analysis of plates and laminates using the element-free Galerkin method", Computers & Structures, 84, pp. 1547-1559 (2006). 2078 H.R. Atri and S. Shojaee/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2057{2078 46. Xiao, J., Gilhooley, D., Batra, R., Gillespie, J., and Mccarthy, M. Analysis of thick composite laminates using a higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory (HOSNDPT) and a meshless method", Composites Part B: Engineering, 39, pp. 414-427 (2008). 47. Reddy, J.N., Mechanics of Laminated Composite Plates: Theory and Analysis, CRC press (1997). 48. Chen, X., Liu, G., and Lim, S. An element free Galerkin method for the free vibration analysis of composite laminates of complicated shape", Composite Structures, 59, pp. 279-289 (2003). 49. Thai, C.H., Ferreira, A., Wahab, M.A., and Nguyen- Xuan, H. A generalized layerwise higher-order shear deformation theory for laminated composite and sandwich plates based on isogeometric analysis", Acta Mechanica, 227, pp. 1225-1250 (2016). 50. Kiendl, J., Bazilevs, Y., Hsu, M.-C., Wuchner, R., and Bletzinger, K.-U. The bending strip method for isogeometric analysis of Kirchho_|Love shell structures comprised of multiple patches", Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 199, pp. 2403- 2416 (2010). 51. Noor, A.K. and Mathers, M.D., Shear-Flexible Finite- Element Models of Laminated Composite Plates and Shells, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Hampton Va Langley Research Center (1975). 52. Liu, L., Chua, L., and Ghista, D. Mesh-free radial basis function method for static, free vibration and buckling analysis of shear deformable composite laminates", Composite Structures, 78, pp. 58-69 (2007). 53. Phan, N. and Reddy, J. Analysis of laminated composite plates using a higher-order shear deformation theory", International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 21, pp. 2201-2219 (1985). 54. Khdeir, A. and Librescu, L. Analysis of symmetric cross-ply laminated elastic plates using a higher-order theory: Part II-Buckling and free vibration", Composite Structures, 9, pp. 259-277 (1988). 55. Shojaee, S., Valizadeh, N., Izadpanah, E., Bui, T., and Vu, T.-V. Free vibration and buckling analysis of laminated composite plates using the NURBSbased isogeometric _nite element method", Composite Structures, 94, pp. 1677-1693 (2012). 56. Chakrabarti, A. and Sheikh, A. Buckling of laminated composite plates by a new element based on higher order shear deformation theory", Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 10, pp. 303-317 (2003). 57. Nguyen-Van, H., Mai-Duy, N., Karunasena, W., and Tran-Cong, T. Buckling and vibration analysis of laminated composite plate/shell structures via a smoothed quadrilateral at shell element with in-plane rotations", Computers & Structures, 89, pp. 612-625 (2011). 58. Reddy, J. and Phan, N. Stability and vibration of isotropic, orthotropic and laminated plates according to a higher-order shear deformation theory", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 98, pp. 157-170 (1985). 59. Fares, M. and Zenkour, A. Buckling and free vibration of non-homogeneous composite cross-ply laminated plates with various plate theories", Composite Structures, 44, pp. 279-287 (1999).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Finite Element Model and Size Dependent Stability Analysis of Boron Nitride and Silicon Carbide Nanowires/Nanotubes
In present paper, the stability analysis of boron nitride and silicon carbide nanotubes/nanowires is investigated using different size effective theories, finite element method, and computer software. Size effective theories used in paper are modified couple stress theory (MCST), modified strain gradient theory (MSGT), nonlocal elasticity theory (NET), surface elasticity theory (SET), nonlocal surface elasticity theory (NSET). As computer software, ANSYS and COMSOL multiphysics are used. Comparative results between theories and software and literature are given in result section. Comparative results are in good harmony. As results, it is clearly seen that nonlocal elasticity theory gives lowest results for every modes and structures while modified strain gradient theory gives the highest.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21364_62bda9b2cda7d6c4d9088f1308e1c6dd.pdf
2019-08-01
2079
2099
10.24200/sci.2019.52517.2754
Boron nitride
silicon carbide
nanotube
nanowire
buckling
O.
Civalek
civalek@yahoo.com
1
Division of Mechanics, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hayri
Numanoglu
metin_numanoglu@hotmail.com
2
Division of Mechanics, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
AUTHOR
Kadir
Mercan
mercankadir@akdeniz.edu.tr
3
Division of Mechanics, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
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A highperformance hydrogen gas sensor using ultrathin polypyrrole-coated CNT nanohybrids", Chem Commun, 49(41), pp. 4673-4675 (2013). H.M. Numano_glu et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2079{2099 2097 37. Majumdar, S., Nag, P., and Devi, P.S. Enhanced performance of CNT/SnO2 thick _lm gas sensors towards hydrogen", Mater Chem Phys, 147(1-2), pp. 79-85 (2014). 38. Mittal, M. and Kumar, A. Carbon nanotube (CNT) gas sensors for emissions from fossil fuel burning", Sensor Actuat B-Chem, 203, pp. 349-362 (2014). 39. Kamble, V. and Umarji, A. Analyzing the kinetic response of tin oxide-carbon and tin oxide-CNT composites gas sensors for alcohols detection", Aip Adv, 5(3), pp. 1-9 (2015). 40. Rahman, R. and Servati, P. E_cient analytical model of conductivity of CNT/polymer composites for wireless gas sensors", IEEE T Nanotechnol, 14(1), pp. 118-129 (2015). 41. Donaldson, L. CNT sensors that can detect toxic gases", Mater Today, 19(9), pp. 489-490 (2016). 42. Alshammari, A.S., Alenezi, M.R., Lai, K.T., et al. Inkjet printing of polymer functionalized CNT gas sensor with enhanced sensing properties", Mater Lett, 189, pp. 299-302 (2017). 43. Guo, T., Zhou, T.H., Tan, Q.L., et al. A roomtemperature CNT/Fe3O4 based passive wireless gas sensor", Sensors-Basel, 18(10), pp. 1-11 (2018). 44. Shen, S.M., Fan, Z.H., Deng, J.H., et al. An LC Passive Wireless Gas Sensor Based on PANI/CNT Composite", Sensors-Basel, 18(9), pp. 1-13 (2018). 45. Zanjani, S.M.A., Dousti, M., and Dolatshahi, M. High-precision, resistor less gas pressure sensor and instrumentation ampli_er in CNT technology", Aeu- Int J Electron C, 93, pp. 325-336 (2018). 46. Mercan, K. A Comparative buckling analysis of silicon carbide nanotube and boron nitride nanotube", International Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences, 8(4), pp. 99-107 (2016). 47. Mercan, K. and Civalek, O. DSC method for buckling analysis of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) surrounded by an elastic matrix", Composite Structures, 143, pp. 300-309 (2016). 48. Mercan, K. and Civalek, O. Buckling analysis of silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs)", International Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences, 8(2), pp. 101-108 (2016). 49. Li, T., Tang, Z.N., Huang, Z.X., et al. A comparison between the mechanical and thermal properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes and boron nitride nanotubes", Physica E, 85, pp. 137-142 (2017). 50. Petrushenko, I.K. and Petrushenko, K.B. Mechanical properties of carbon, silicon carbide, and boron nitride nanotubes: e_ect of ionization", Monatsh Chem, 146(10), pp. 1603-1608 (2015). 51. Darwish, A.A., Hassan, M.H., Abou Mandour, M.A., et al. Mechanical properties of defective doublewalled boron nitride nanotubes for radiation shielding applications: A computational study", Comp Mater Sci, 156, pp. 142-147 (2019). 52. Mercan, K. and Civalek, O. Buckling analysis of Silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) with surface e_ect and nonlocal elasticity using the method of HDQ", Composites Part B: Engineering, 114, pp. 34- 45 (2017). 53. Mercan, K., Numanoglu, H., Akgoz, B., et al. Higher-order continuum theories for buckling response of silicon carbide nanowires (SiCNWs) on elastic matrix", Archive of Applied Mechanics, 87(11), pp. 1797-1814 (2017). 54. Xu, H., Wang, Q., Fan, G.H., et al. Theoretical study of boron nitride nanotubes as drug delivery vehicles of some anticancer drugs", Theor Chem Acc, 137(7), pp. 1-15 (2018). 55. Niskanen, J., Zhang, I., Xue, Y.M., et al. Boron nitride nanotubes as vehicles for intracellular delivery of uorescent drugs and probes", Nanomedicine-Uk, 11(5), pp. 447-463 (2016). 56. Ferreira, T.H., Faria, J.A.Q.A., Gonzalez, I.J., et al. BNNT/Fe3O4 system as an e_cient tool for magnetohyperthermia therapy", J Nanosci Nanotechno, 18(10), pp. 6746-6755 (2018). 57. Srivastava, P., Sharma, V., and Jaiswal, N.K. Adsorption of COCl2 gas molecule on armchair boron nitride nanoribbons for nano sensor applications", Microelectron Eng, 146, pp. 62-67 (2015). 58. Song, J.X., Liu, H.X., and Shen, W.J. Dependence of electronic structures of multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes on layer numbers", Eur Phys J D, 72(10), pp. 1-8 (2018). 59. Schulz, M., Shanov, V., and Yin, Z., Nanotube Super_ber Materials: Changing Engineering Design, William Andrew (2013). 60. Zhou, M., Lu, Y.-H., Cai, Y.-Q., et al. Adsorption of gas molecules on transition metal embedded graphene: a search for high-performance graphene-based catalysts and gas sensors", Nanotechnol, 22(38), p. 385502 (2011). 61. Feng, J.-W., Liu, Y.-J., Wang, H.-X., et al. Gas adsorption on silicene: a theoretical study", Comp Mater Sci, 87, pp. 218-226 (2014). 62. Wu, R., Yang, M., Lu, Y., et al. Silicon carbide nanotubes as potential gas sensors for CO and HCN detection", J Phys Chem C, 112(41), pp. 15985- 15988 (2008). 63. Huang, J. and Wan, Q. Gas sensors based on semiconducting metal oxide one-dimensional nanostructures", Sensors, 9(12), pp. 9903-9924 (2009). 64. Akgoz, B. and Civalek, O. A new trigonometric beam model for buckling of strain gradient microbeams", Int J Mech Sci, 81, pp. 88-94 (2014). 65. Gurses, M., Akgoz, B., and Civalek, O. Mathematical modeling of vibration problem of nano-sized annular sector plates using the nonlocal continuum theory via eight-node discrete singular convolution transformation", Appl Math Comput, 219(6), pp. 3226-3240 (2012). 2098 H.M. Numano_glu et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2079{2099 66. Civalek, O. and Akgoz, B. Free vibration analysis of microtubules as cytoskeleton components: non local Euler-Bernoulli beam modeling", Sci Iran Trans B, 17(5), pp. 367-375 (2010). 67. Mercan, K. A comparative buckling analysis of silicon carbide nanotube and boron nitride nanotube", Int J Eng Appl Sci, 8(4), pp. 99-107 (2016). 68. Mercan, K. and Civalek, O. Buckling analysis of Silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) with surface e_ect and nonlocal elasticity using the method of HDQ", Compos Part B-Eng, 114, pp. 35-45 (2017). 69. Mercan, K. and Civalek, O. DSC method for buckling analysis of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) surrounded by an elastic matrix", Compos Struct, 143, pp. 300-309 (2016). 70. Kiani, K. Nonlocal Timoshenko beam for vibrations of magnetically a_ected inclined single-walled carbon nanotubes as nanouidic conveyors", Acta Phys Pol A, 131(6), pp. 1439-1444 (2017). 71. Jiang, J.N. and Wang, L.F. Timoshenko beam model for vibrational analysis of double-walled carbon nanotubes bridged on substrate", Curr Appl Phys, 17(12), pp. 1670-1690 (2017). 72. Demir, C., Mercan, K., Numanoglu, H.M., et al. Bending response of nanobeams resting on elastic foundation", Journal of Applied and Computational Mechanics, 4(2), pp. 105-114 (2018). 73. Avcar, M. and Mohammed, W.K.M. Free vibration of functionally graded beams resting on Winkler- Pasternak foundation", Arab J Geosci, 11(10), pp. 1-8 (2018). 74. Civalek, O. The determination of frequencies of laminated conical shells via the discrete singular convolution method", J Mech Mater Struct, 1(1), pp. 163-182 (2006). 75. Civalek, O. and Akgoz, B. Vibration analysis of micro-scaled sector shaped graphene surrounded by an elastic matrix", Comp Mater Sci, 77, pp. 295-303 (2013). 76. Baltacioglu, A.K., Civalek, O., Akgoz, B., et al. Large deection analysis of laminated composite plates resting on nonlinear elastic foundations by the method of discrete singular convolution", Int J Pres Ves Pip, 88(8-9), pp. 290-300 (2011). 77. Baltacioglu, A.K., Akgoz, B., and Civalek, O. Nonlinear static response of laminated composite plates by discrete singular convolution method", Compos Struct, 93(1), pp. 153-161 (2010). 78. Avcar, M. E_ects of material non-homogeneity and two parameter elastic foundation on fundamental frequency parameters of Timoshenko beams", Acta Phys Pol A, 130(1), pp. 375-378 (2016). 79. Avcar, M. E_ects of rotary inertia shear deformation and non-homogeneity on frequencies of beam", Struct Eng Mech, 55(4), pp. 871-884 (2015). 80. Fleck, N. and Hutchinson, J. Strain gradient plasticity", Adv Appl Mech, 33, pp. 296-361 (1997). 81. Yang, F., Chong, A., Lam, D.C., et al. Couple stress based strain gradient theory for elasticity", Int J Solids Struct, 39(10), pp. 2731-2743 (2002). 82. Ma, H., Gao, X.-L., and Reddy, J. A microstructuredependent Timoshenko beam model based on a modi_ed couple stress theory", J Mech Phys Solids, 56(12), pp. 3379-3391 (2008). 83. Reddy, J. Microstructure-dependent couple stress theories of functionally graded beams", J Mech Phys Solids, 59(11), pp. 2382-2399 (2011). 84. Zhou, S. and Li, Z. Length scales in the static and dynamic torsion of a circular cylindrical micro-bar", J Shandong Univ Technol, 31(5), pp. 401-407 (2001). 85. Akgoz, B. and Civalek, O. Buckling analysis of cantilever carbon nanotubes using the strain gradient elasticity and modi_ed couple stress theories", J Comput Theor Nanos, 8(9), pp. 1821-1827 (2011). 86. Akgoz, B. and Civalek, O. Longitudinal vibration analysis for microbars based on strain gradient elasticity theory", J Vib Control, 20(4), pp. 606-616 (2014). 87. Akgoz, B. and Civalek, O. Shear deformation beam models for functionally graded microbeams with new shear correction factors", Compos Struct, 112, pp. 214-225 (2014). 88. Asghari, M., Kahrobaiyan, M., and Ahmadian, M. A nonlinear Timoshenko beam formulation based on the modi_ed couple stress theory", Int J Eng Sci, 48(12), pp. 1749-1761 (2010). 89. Eringen, A.C. On di_erential equations of nonlocal elasticity and solutions of screw dislocation and surface waves", J Appl Phys, 54(9), pp. 4703-4710 (1983). 90. Eringen, A.C., Nonlocal Continuum Field Theories, Springer Science & Business Media (2002). 91. Dingreville, R., Qu, J., and Cherkaoui, M. Surface free energy and its e_ect on the elastic behavior of nano-sized particles, wires and _lms", J Mech Phys Solids, 53(8), pp. 1827-1854 (2005). 92. Mercan, K. and Civalek, O. Buckling Analysis of Silicon Carbide Nanotubes (SiCNTs)", International Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences (IJEAS), 8(2), pp. 101-108 (2016). 93. Rahmani, O., Asemani, S., and Hosseini, S. Study the surface e_ect on the buckling of nanowires embedded in Winkler-Pasternak elastic medium based on a nonlocal theory", J Nanostructures, 6(1), pp. 90-95 (2016). 94. Sharma, P. and Ganti, S. Size-dependent Eshelby's tensor for embedded nano-inclusions incorporating surface/interface energies", J Appl Mech, 71(5), pp. 663-671 (2004). H.M. Numano_glu et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2079{2099 2099 95. Sharma, P., Ganti, S., and Bhate, N. E_ect of surfaces on the size-dependent elastic state of nanoinhomogeneities", Appl Phys Lett, 82(4), pp. 535-537 (2003). 96. Ansari, R., Rouhi, S., Aryayi, M., et al. On the buckling behavior of single-walled silicon carbide nanotubes", Sci Iran, 19(6), pp. 1984-1990 (2012). 97. Arani, A.G. and Hashemian, M. Surface stress e_ects on dynamic stability of double-walled boron nitride nanotubes conveying viscose uid based on nonlocal shell theory", Sci Iran, 20(6), pp. 2356-2374 (2013). 98. Saljooghi, R., Ahmadiana, M.T., and Farrahi, G.H. Vibration and buckling analysis of functionally graded beams using reproducing kernel particle method", Sci Iran, 21(6), pp. 1896-1906 (2014). 99. Darvizeh, M., Darvizeh, A., Ansari, R., et al. Preand post-buckling analysis of functionally graded beams subjected to statically mechanical and thermal loads", Sci Iran, 22(3), pp. 778-791 (2015). 100. Shooshtari, A. and Dalir, M.A. Nonlinear free vibration analysis of clamped circular _ber metal laminated plates", Sci Iran, 22(3), pp. 813-824 (2015). 101. Ansari, R. and Gholami, R. Nonlocal nonlinear _rst-order shear deformable beam model for postbuckling analysis of magneto-electro-thermo-elastic nanobeams", Sci Iran, 23(6), pp. 3099-3114 (2016). 102. Rouzegar, J. and Sharifpoor, R.A. Finite element formulations for free vibration analysis of isotropic and orthotropic plates using two-variable re_ned plate theory", Sci Iran, 23(4), pp. 1787-1799 (2016). 103. Refaeinejad, V., Rahmani, O., and Hosseini, S.A.H. An analytical solution for bending, buckling, and free vibration of FG nanobeam lying on Winkler- Pasternak elastic foundation using di_erent nonlocal higher order shear deformation beam theories", Sci Iran, 24(3), pp. 1635-1653 (2017). 104. Jabbarian, S. and Ahmadian, M.T. Free vibration analysis of functionally graded sti_ened microcylinder based on the modi_ed couple stress theory", Sci Iran, 25(5), pp. 2598-2615 (2018). 105. Sahoo, S.S., Hirwani, C.K., Panda, S.K., et al. Numerical analysis of vibration and transient behaviour of laminated composite curved shallow shell structure: An experimental validation", Sci Iran, 25(4), pp. 2218-2232 (2018). 106. COMSOL Multiphysics® v. 5.2. www.comsol.com. COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden. 107. ANSYS® Academic Research Mechanical. 108. Jalan, S.K., Rao, B.N., and Gopalakrishnan, S. Vibrational characteristics of zigzag, armchair and chiral cantilever single-walled carbon nanotubes", Adv Compos Lett, 22(6), pp. 131-142 (2013). 109. Gurtin, M.E. and Murdoch, A.I. A continuum theory of elastic material surfaces", Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 57(4), pp. 291-323 (1975). 110. Gurtin, M.E. and Murdoch, A.I. Surface Stress in Solids", Int J Solids Struct, 14(6), pp. 431-440 (1978). 111. Civalek, O. and Demir, C. A simple mathematical model of microtubules surrounded by an elastic matrix by nonlocal _nite element method", Appl Math Comput, 289, pp. 335-352 (2016). 112. Naidu, N. and Rao, G. Vibrations of initially stressed uniform beams on a two-parameter elastic foundation", Comp Struct, 57(5), pp. 941-943 (1995).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Calculation of coupled modes of fluid-structure systems by pseudo symmetric subspace iteration method
An efficient technique is proposed for calculation of coupled modes of fluid-structure interaction systems. The algorithm is presented with symmetric matrix operation mentality such that one feels that a symmetric eigen-problem is being solved. Furthermore, it is proved that each left eigen-vector is related to the corresponding right eigen-vector through a simple relation. Therefore, subsequent transient analysis can readily be performed. Overall, it is felt that the method is very efficient and it is ideal to be employed in general purpose finite element programs for solving above-mentioned eigen-problems
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21488_ed613446f2798a184b35bf8a04abdc43.pdf
2019-08-01
2100
2107
10.24200/sci.2019.21488
Fluid-Structure Interaction
Eigen-problem
Pseudo symmetric technique
Subspace iteration method
Coupled modes
V.
Lotfi
vahlotfi@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Aftabi Sani
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Wilson, E.L. and Khalvati, M. Finite elements for the dynamic analysis of uid-solid systems", International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, 19, pp. 1657-1668 (1983).
2
2. Bathe, K.J. and Hahn, W. On transient analysis of fluid-structure systems", Computers & Structures, 10, pp. 383-391 (1979).
3
3. Hamdi, M.A., Ousset, Y. and Verchery, G. A displacement method for the analysis of coupled fluid-structure systems", International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, 13, pp. 139-150 (1978).
4
4. Everstine, G.C. A symmetric potential formulation for uid-structure interaction", Letter to the Editor, Journal of Sound and Vibrations, 79, pp. 157-160 (1981). 5. Olson, L.G. and Bathe, K.J. Analysis of uidstructure interaction. A direct symmetric coupled formulation based on the velocity potential", Computers & Structures, 21, pp. 21-32 (1985). 6. Zienkiewicz, O.C. and Bettess, P. Fluid-structure dynamic interaction and wave forces", International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, 13, pp. 1-16 (1978). 7. Zienkiewicz, O.C., Paul, D.K., and Hinton, E. Cavitation in uid-structure response (with particular reference to dams under earthquake loading)", Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 11, pp. 463-481 (1983). 8. Hellgren, R. and Gasch, T. Fluid structure interaction", International Water Power and Dam Construction, 8, pp. 40-45 (2015). 9. Jafari, M. and Lot_, V. Dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dam-reservoir systems by Wavenumber approach for the general reservoir base condition", International Journal of Science and Technology, Scientia Iranica, 25(6), pp. 3054-3065 (2018). 10. Khazaee, A. and Lot_, V. Application of perfectly matched layers in the transient analysis of damreservoir systems", Journal of Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 60(1), pp. 51-68 (2014). 11. Pelecanos, L., Kontoe, S., and Zdravkovi_c, L. Damreservoir interaction e_ects in the elastic dynamic response ofconcrete and earth dams", Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 82, pp. 138-141 (2016). 12. Omidi, O. and Lot_, V. A symmetric implementation of pressure-based uid-structure interaction for nonlinear seismic analysis of arch dams", Journal of Fluids and Structures, 69(1), pp. 34-55 (2017). 13. Zienkiewicz, O.C. and Taylor, R.L., The Finite Element Method, 1, Butterworth-Heinemann (2000). 14. Ohayon, R. and Valid, R. True symmetric formulation of free vibrations for uid-structure interaction in bounded media", in R.W. Lewis, P. Bettess, and E. Hinton, eds., Numerical Methods in Coupled Systems, Wiley, Chichester (1984). 15. Felippa, C.A. and Ohayon, R. Mixed variational formulation of _nite element analysis of acoustoelastic/ slosh uid-structure interaction", Journal of Fluid and Structures, 4, pp. 35-57 (1990). 16. Bathe, K.J., Finite Element Procedures, Prentice Hall (1996). 17. Hall, J.F. and Chopra, A.K. Dynamic analysis of arch dams including hydrodynamic e_ects", Journal of Engineering Mechanics Div., ASCE, 109(1), pp. 149- 163 (1983).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An efficient method for reliability estimation using the combination of asymptotic sampling and weighted simulation
In this paper, an efficient reliability method is proposed. The Asymptotic Sampling (AS) and Weighted Simulation (WS) are two main basic tools of the presented method. In AS, the standard deviation of the distributions are amplified at several levels to find an adequate number of failed samples, then by using a simple regression technique, the reliability index is determined. The WS is another method which uses the uniform distribution for sampling, where the information about the distributions of the variables is taken into account through the weight indexes. The WS provides interesting flexibility where a sample generated for a specific standard deviation can be used as a sample for another standard deviation without having to reevaluate the limit state function. In AS the deviations of variables are scaled in each step, where one can use the flexibility of the WS to decrease the required calls of limit state function. Using this technique results in a new efficient method so-called Asymptotic Weighted Simulation (AWS). In addition, using the strengths of both AS and WS can be considered another superiority of the hybrid version. Performance of the presented method is investigated by solving several mathematical and engineering examples.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21367_6b39de5114cab621800853e8d61ae454.pdf
2019-08-01
2108
2122
10.24200/sci.2019.21367
Reliability index
Failure probability
Sampling method
Asymptotic behavior
Weighted simulation
A.
Kaveh
alikaveh@just.ac.ir
1
School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran-16, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Dadras Eslamlou
2
School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran-16, Iran
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Zio, E. Reliability engineering: Old problems and new challenges", Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 94(2), pp.125-141 (2009).
2
2. Selvik, J.T. and Signoret, J.-P. How to interpret safety critical failures in risk and reliability assessments", Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 161, pp. 61-68 (2017).
3
3. Thoft-Cristensen, P. and Baker, M.J., Structural Reliability Theory and Its Applications, Springer Science & Business Media (2012). 4. Frangopol, D.M. and Maute, K. Life-cycle reliabilitybased optimization of civil and aerospace structures", Computers & Structures, 81(7), pp. 397-410 (2003). 5. Chakraborty, S. and Majumder, D. Hybrid reliability analysis framework for reliability analysis of tunnels", Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 32(4), p. 04018018 (2018). 6. Okasha, N.M. Proposed algorithms for an e_cient system reliability-based design optimization of truss structures", Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 30(5), p. 04016008 (2016). 7. Bucher, C., Computational Analysis of Randomness in Structural Mechanics, CRC Press, London (2009). 8. Hasofer, A.M. and Lind, N.C. Exact and invariant second-moment code format", Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, 100(1), pp. 111-121 (1974). 9. Aslam, M., Tahir, M., and Hussain, Z. Reliability analysis of 3-component mixture of distributions", Scientia Iranica, 25(3), pp. 1768-1781 (2018). 10. Macke, M. and Bucher, C. Importance sampling for randomly excited dynamical systems", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 268(2), pp. 269-290 (2003). 11. Bucher, C. Asymptotic sampling for high-dimensional reliability analysis", Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 24(4), pp. 504-510 (2009). 12. Rashki, M., Miri, M., and Moghaddam, M.A. A new e_cient simulation method to approximate the probability of failure and most probable point", Structural Safety, 39, pp. 22-29 (2012). 13. Kaveh, A., Advances in Metaheuristic Algorithms for Optimal Design of Structures, Springer, Switzerland (2017). 14. Kaveh, A. and Dadras, A. A novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm: Thermal exchange optimization", Advances in Engineering Software, 110, pp. 69- 84 (2017). 15. Kaveh, A., Dadras, A., and Montazeran, A.H. Chaotic enhanced colliding bodies algorithms for size optimization of truss structures", Acta Mechanica, 229(7), pp. 2883-2907 (2018). 16. Kaveh, A., Dadras, A., and Malek, N.G. Buckling load of laminated composite plates using three variants of the biogeography-based optimization algorithm", Acta Mechanica, 229(4), pp. 1551-1566 (2018). 17. A. Rahmati, S.H., Ahmadi, A., and Karimi, B. Developing simulation based optimization mechanism for a novel stochastic reliability centered maintenance problem", Scientia Iranica, 25(5), pp. 2788-2806 (2018). 18. Gharib, Z., Bozorgi-Amiri, A., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R., and Naja_, E. A cluster-based emergency vehicle routing problem in disaster with reliability", Scientia Iranica, 25(4), pp. 2312-2330 (2018). 19. Breitung, K. Asymptotic approximations for multinormal integrals", Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 110(3), pp. 357-366 (1984). 20. Gasser, C. and Bucher, C. An optimized strategy for using asymptotic sampling for reliability analysis", Structural Safety, 71, pp. 33-40 (2018). 21. Chen, X. and Li, J. A subset multicanonical Monte Carlo method for simulating rare failure events", Journal of Computational Physics, 344, pp. 23-35 (2017). 22. Kim, S.-H. and Na, S.-W. Response surface method using vector projected sampling points", Structural Safety, 19(1), pp. 3-19 (1997). 23. Elegbede, C. Structural reliability assessment based on particles swarm optimization", Structural Safety, 27(2), pp. 171-186 (2005). 24. Weingarten, V. and Seide, P. NASA SP-8019{ buckling of thin-walled truncated cones", NASA Space vehicle Design Criteria-Structures (1968). 25. Rashki, M., Miri, M., and Moghaddam, M.A. A simulation-based method for reliability based design optimization problems with highly nonlinear constraints", Automation in Construction, 47, pp. 24-36 (2014). 26. Song, S., Lu, Z., and Qiao, H. Subset simulation for structural reliability sensitivity analysis", Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 94(2), pp. 658-665 (2009).
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A computational plastic–damage method for modeling the FRP strengthening of concrete arches
In this paper, a computational technique is presented based on a concrete plastic-damage model to investigate the effect of FRP strengthening of reinforced concrete arches. A plastic-damage model is utilized to capture the behavior of concrete. The interface between the FRP and concrete is modeled using a cohesive fracture model. In order to validate the accuracy of the damage-plastic model, a single element is employed under the monotonic tension, monotonic compression, and cyclic tension loads. An excellent agreement is observed between the predefined strain-stress curve and those obtained from the numerical model. Furthermore, the accuracy of the cohesive fracture model is investigated by comparing the numerical results with those of experimental data. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy of the proposed computational algorithm, the results are compared with the experimental data obtained from two tests conducted on reinforced concrete arches strengthened with FRP.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21357_d8447b1296c5869844ebab5a09ebff5b.pdf
2019-08-01
2123
2132
10.24200/sci.2019.21357
Concrete arches
FRP retrofitting
Reinforced concrete
Plastic-damage model
Cohesive fracture model
T.
Ahmadpour
1
Center of Excellence in Structures and Earthquake Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9313, Iran. Department of Civil Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, International Campus, Kish Island, P.O. Box 76417-76655, Iran.
AUTHOR
Y.
Navid Tehrani
2
Center of Excellence in Structures and Earthquake Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9313, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.R.
Khoei
arkhoei@sharif.edu
3
Center of Excellence in Structures and Earthquake Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365‐9313, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Borri, A., Castori, G., and Corradi, M. Intrados strengthening of brick masonry arches with composite materials", Composites Part B: Eng., 42, pp. 1164- 1172 (2011).
2
2. Tao, Y., Stratford, T.J., and Chen, J.F. Behaviour of a masonry arch bridge repaired using _bre-reinforced polymer composites", Eng. Struct., 33, pp. 1594-1606 (2011).
3
3. Chen, H., Zhou, J., Fan, H., et al. Dynamic responses of buried arch structure subjected to subsurface localized impulsive loading: Experimental study", Int. J. Impact Eng., 65, pp. 89-101 (2014). 4. Hamed, E., Chang, Z.T., and Rabinovitch, O. Strengthening of reinforced concrete arches with externally bonded composite materials: Testing and analysis", J. Composites Construc., 19, pp. 04014031 (2015). 5. Dagher, H.J., Bannon, D.J., Davids, W.G., et al. Bending behavior of concrete-_lled tubular FRP arches for bridge structures", Construc. Building Mater., 37, pp. 432-439 (2012). 6. Zhang, X., Wang, P., Jiang, M., et al. CFRP strengthening reinforced concrete arches: Strengthening methods and experimental studies", Composite Struct., 131, pp. 852-867 (2015). 7. Feenstra, P.H. and de Borst, R. A composite plasticity model for concrete", Int. J. Solids Struct., 33, pp. 707-730 (1996). 8. _Cervenka, J. and Papanikolaou, V.K. Three dimensional combined fracture-plastic material model for concrete", Int. J. Plasticity, 24, pp. 2192-2220 (2008). 9. Khoei, A.R. and Azami, A.R. A single cone-cap plasticity with an isotropic hardening rule for powder materials", Int. J. Mech. Sciences, 47, pp. 94-109 (2005). 10. DorMohammadi, H. and Khoei, A.R. A threeinvariant cap model with isotropic-kinematic hardening rule and associated plasticity for granular materials", Int. J. Solids Struct., 45, pp. 631-656 (2008). 11. Ba_zant, Z.P. and O_zbolt, J. Nonlocal microplane model for fracture, damage, and size e_ect in structures", J. Eng. Mech., 116, pp. 2485-2505 (1990). 12. Voyiadjis, G.Z. and Abu-Lebdeh, T.M. Damage model for concrete using bounding surface concept", J. Eng. Mech., 119, pp. 1865-1885 (1993). 13. Lubliner, J., Oliver, J., Oller, S., et al. A plasticdamage model for concrete", Int. J. Solids Struct., 25, pp. 299-326 (1989). 14. Yazdani, S. and Schreyer, H.L. Combined plasticity and damage mechanics model for plain concrete", J. Eng. Mech., 116, pp. 1435-1450 (1990). 15. Kattan, P.I. and Voyiadjis, G.Z. A coupled theory of damage mechanics and _nite strain elasto-plasticity - I. Damage and elastic deformations", Int. J. Eng. Science, 28, pp. 421-435 (1990). 16. Kattan, P.I. and Voyiadjis, G.Z. A coupled theory of damage mechanics and _nite strain elasto-plasticity - II. Damage and _nite strain plasticity", Int. J. Eng. Science, 28, pp. 505-524 (1990). 17. Lee, J. and Fenves, G.L. Plastic-damage model for cyclic loading of concrete structures", J. Eng. Mech., 124, pp. 892-900 (1998). 18. Faria, R., Oliver, J., and Cervera, M. A strain-based plastic viscous-damage model for massive concrete structures", Int. J. Solids Struct., 35, pp. 1533-1558 (1998). 19. Salari, M.R., Saeb, S., Willam, K.J., et al. A coupled elastoplastic damage model for geomaterials", Comput. Meth. Applied Mech. Eng., 193, pp. 2625-2643 (2004). 20. Grassl, P. and Jir_asek, M. Damage-plastic model for concrete failure", Int. J. Solids Struct., 43, pp. 7166- 7196 (2006). 21. Nguyen, G.D. and Korsunsky, A.M. Damageplasticity modelling of concrete: calibration of parameters using separation of fracture energy", Int. J. Fracture, 139, pp. 325-332 (2006). 2132 T. Ahmadpour et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2123{2132 22. Nguyen, G.D. and Houlsby, G.T. A coupled damageplasticity model for concrete based on thermodynamic principles: Part I: model formulation and parameter identi_cation", Int. J. Numer. Analy. Meth. Geomech., 32, pp. 353-389 (2008). 23. Nguyen, G.D. and Houlsby, G.T. A coupled damageplasticity model for concrete based on thermodynamic principles: Part II: non-local regularization and numerical implementation", Int. J. Numer. Analy. Meth. Geomech., 32, pp. 391-413 (2008). 24. Moslemi, H. and Khoei, A.R. 3D modeling of damage growth and crack initiation using adaptive _nite element technique", Scientia Iranica, Trans. A., J. Civil Eng., 17, pp. 372-386 (2010). 25. Khoei, A.R., Eghbalian, M., Azadi, H., et al. Numerical simulation of ductile crack growth under cyclic and dynamic loading with a damage-viscoplasticity model", Eng. Fracture Mech., 99, pp. 169-190 (2013). 26. Broumand, P. and Khoei, A.R. The extended _nite element method for large deformation ductile fracture problems with a non-local damage-plasticity model", Eng. Fracture Mech., 112, pp. 97-125 (2013). 27. Broumand, P. and Khoei, A.R. X-FEM modeling of dynamic ductile fracture problems with a nonlocal damage-viscoplasticity model", Finite Elements Anal. Design, 99, pp. 49-67 (2015). 28. Khoei, A.R., Extended Finite Element Method: Theory and Applications, John Wiley (2015). 29. Khoei, A.R., Moslemi, H., Ardakany, K.M., et al. Modeling of cohesive crack growth using an adaptive mesh re_nement via the modi_ed-SPR technique", Int. J. Fracture, 159, pp. 21-41 (2009). 30. Khoei, A.R., Moslemi, H., and Shari_, M. Threedimensional cohesive fracture modeling of non-planar crack growth using adaptive FE technique", Int. J. Solids Struct., 49, pp. 2334-2348 (2012). 31. Turon, A., Camanho, P.P., Costa, J., et al. A damage model for the simulation of delamination in advanced composites under variable-mode loading", Mech. Mater., 38, pp. 1072-1089 (2006). 32. Gopalaratnam, V. and Shah, S.P. Softening response of plain concrete in direct tension", ACI Mater. J., 82, pp. 310-323 (1985). 33. Au, C. and Buyukozturk, O. Peel and shear fracture characterization of debonding in FRP plated concrete a_ected by moisture", J. Composites Construc., 10, pp. 35-47 (2006). 34. Moradi, H., Khaloo, A., Shekarchi, M., and Kazemian, A. E_ect of glass _ber-reinforced polymer on exural strengthening of RC arches", Scientia Iranica, Transactions A, 26(4), pp. 2299-2309 (2019).
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toxicity Evaluation of Highway Stormwater Runoff
This paper is prepared to present the results of two major toxicity investigations of highway runoff in the state of California and verify or reject the hypothesis of whether highway runoff is toxic. Two major toxicity studies were: (1) statewide highway runoff toxicity evaluation and (2) hydrographic (first flush) toxicity evaluation of runoff from highly urbanized highways. Extensive grab and composite runoff samples were collected from numerous highway sites throughout the state of California for multiple storm events and multiple years. Wide ranges of toxicity testing, including the three U.S.EPA standard species, marine species, green algae growth and Microtox™ were performed on grab and composite samples. The results obtainedrevealed that the highway runoff is generally toxic, and the toxicity is mostly associated with heavy metals and organic compounds such as herbicides, pesticides, and surfactants. While outside of the scope of this study, an independent performance evaluation of stormwater treatment showed that toxicity removal after best management treatments (BMPs) is possible even though some influent samples entering the BMP were toxic.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21420_c5343a912062399c0875d6f01f89dda4.pdf
2019-08-01
2133
2153
10.24200/sci.2019.21420
Highway
stormwater runoff
toxicity
freshwater toxicity species
marine species toxicity
first flush toxicity
Microtox™
toxicity identification evaluation (TIE)
BMP performance
M.
Kayhanian
mdkayhanian@ucdavis.edu
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.L.
Johnson
2
Formerly, John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616; Currently, MLJ Environmental, LLC, Davis, CA 95616.
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.BASMAA San Francisco bay area stormwater runo_ monitoring data analysis, 1988-1995", Final Report Prepared by Woodward-Clyde, San Francisco, California (1996).
2
2. Greenstein, D., Tiefenthaler, L., and Bay, S. Toxicity of parking lot runo_ after application of simulated rainfall", Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 47(2), pp. 199-206 (2004).
3
3. Pitt, R., Field, R., Lalor, M., and Brown, M. Urban stormwater toxic pollutants: assessment, sources, and treatability", Water Environment Research, 67(3), pp. 260-75 (1995). 4. Marsalek, J., Rochfort, Q., Brownlee, B., Mayer, T., and Servos, M. An exploratory study of urban runo_ toxicity", Water Science and Technology, 39(12), pp. 33-39 (1999). 5. Wu, L., Jiang, Y., Zhang, L., Chen, L., and Zhang, H. Toxicity of urban highway runo_ in Shanghai to 2152 M. Kayhanian and M.L. Johnson/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2133{2153 Zebra_sh (Danio rerio) embryos and luminous bacteria (Vibrio qinghaiensis.Q67)", Environmental Science and Pollution and Research, 21(4), pp. 2663-2376 (2015). 6. Johnson, M., Werner, I., Fessler, C., Fong, S., and Deanovic, L. Toxicity of stormwater from Caltrans facilities", Final report (CTSW-RT-05-073-10.1) prepared for the Division of Environmental Analysis, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, California (2005). 7. Kayhanian, M., Singh, A., Suverkropp, C., and Borroum, S. Impact of annual average daily tra_c on highway runo_ pollutant concentration", Journal of Environmental Engineering, 129(11), pp. 975-990 (2003). 8. Kayhanian, M., Suverkropp, C., Ruby, A., and Tsay, K. Characterization and prediction of highway runo_ pollutant event mean concentration", Journal of Environmental Management, 85(2), pp. 279-295 (2007). 9. U.S.EPA, Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of E_uents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, United States Environmental Protection Agency O_ce of Research and Development, U.S.EPA/600/4-90/027F, Washington DC (1993). 10. U.S.EPA, Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identi_cation Evaluation - Phase I Toxicity Characterization Procedures, Second Edition (U.S. EPA/600/6-91/003), United States Environmental Protection Agency O_ce of Research and Development, Washington DC (1991). 11. U.S.EPA, Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identi_cation Evaluations - Phase II Toxicity Identi_cation Procedures for Samples Exhibiting Acute and Chronic Toxicity, United States Environmental Protection Agency O_ce of Research and Development U.S.EPA/600/R- 92/080, Washington DC (1993a). 12. U.S.EPA, Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identi_cation Evaluations - Phase III Toxicity Con_rmation Procedures for Samples Exhibiting Acute and Chronic Toxicity, United States Environmental Protection Agency O_ce of Research and Development, EPA/600/R- 92/081, Washington DC (1993b). 13. Bailey, H.C., DiGiorgia, C., Kroll, K., Miller, J.L., Hinton, D.E., and Starrett, G. Development of procedures for identifying pesticide toxicity in ambient waters: carbofuran, diazinon, chlorpyrifos", Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 15(6), pp. 837-845 (1996). 14. Crepeau, K.L., Kuivila, K.M., and Domagalski, J.L. Concentrations of dissolved rice pesticides in the Colusa basin drain and Sacramento river, California, 1990-1992", in Morganwalp, D.W., and Aronson, D.A., Eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program{Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Colorado Springs, Colorado, September 20-24, 1993: U.S. Geological SurveyWater-Resources Investigations Report 944015, 2, pp. 711-718 (1996). 15. Carpenter, K.D., Kuivila, K.M., Hladik, M.L., Haluska, T., and Cole, M.B. Storm-event-transport of urban-use pesticides to streams likely impairs invertebrate assemblages", Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 345(188), pp. 1-18 (2016). 16. Majewski, M.S., Zamora, C., Foreman, W.T., and Kratzer, C.R. Contribution of atmospheric deposition to pesticide loads in surface water runo_", Report 2005-1307 prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, California, and the U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado (2005). https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1307/ofr2005 1307.pdf (accessed January 25, 2019). 17. Ma, Y., Egodawatta, P., McGree, J., and Goonetilleke, A. Assessment and management of human health risk from toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater arising from anthropogenic activities and tra_c congestion", Science of the Total Environment, 597(2), pp. 202-211 (2017). 18. Burnel, A., Selbig, W., Furlong, E.T., and Higgons, C.P. Trace organic contaminants in urban runo_: Associations with urban land-use", Environmental Pollution, 424, (Part B), pp. 2068-2077 (2018). 19. Kayhanian, M. and Stenstrom, M.K. Hydrographic toxicity evaluation of stormwater runo_", Final report (CTSW-RT-05-73-24.3), prepared for the division of Environmental Analysis, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA (2005a) 20. Stenstrom, M.K. and Kayhanian, M. First ush phenomenon characterization", Final report (CTSW-RT- 05-73-02.6) prepared for the Division of Environmental Analysis, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, California (2005b). 21. Kayhanian, M. and Stenstrom, M.K. First ush highway runo_ characterization for stormwater runo_ treatment", Stormwater, 9(2), pp. 32-45 (2008). 22. U.S.EPA, Methods for Masuring the Acute Toxicity of E_uents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms, Fifth edition, United States Environmental Protection Agency O_ce of Water, EPA- 821-R-02-012, Washington DC (2002a). 23. Kayhanian, M., Stransky, C., Bay, S., Lau, S.L., and Stenstrom, M.K. Hydrograph toxicity evaluation of urban highway runo_", Science of The Total Environment, 389(2-3), pp. 386-406 (2008). 24. U.S.EPA, Methods for Measuring the Chronic Toxicity of E_uents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater Organisms, Fourth edition. United States Environmental Protection Agency O_ce of Water, U.S. EPA-821-R- 02-013, Washington DC (2002b). 25. Tidepool Scienti_c Software Comprehensive environmental toxicity information system (CETIS)", software, version 1.025B, McKinleyville, CA (2002). 26. GraphPad Software Inc. GraphPad Prism, Version 4.02, San Diego, CA (1994-2000). 27. McIntyre, J.K., Davis, J.W., Hinman, C., Macneale, K.H., Anulacion, B.F., Scholz, N.L., and Stark, J.D. M. Kayhanian and M.L. Johnson/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2133{2153 2153 Soil bioretention protects juvenile salmon and their prey from the toxic impacts of urban stormwater runo_", Chemosphere, 132(8), pp. 213-219 (2015). 28. Bitton, G.K. and Koopman, B. Ceriofast: an acute toxicity test based on Ceriodaphnia dubia feeding behavior", Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 15(2), pp. 123-5 (1996). 29. Schubauer-Berigan, M.K., Dierkes, J.R., Monson, P.D., and Ankley, G.T. pH-dependent toxicity of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, Hyalella azteca, and Lumbriculus variegatus", Environ. Toxicol. and Chem., 12(7), pp. 1261- 1266 (1993a). 30. Nautilus Environmental Sensitivity of larval P. promelas, and Ceriodaphnia dubia to total copper (Cu)", Unpublished laboratory data from 2004-2005, Nautilus Environmental, San Diego, CA (2005). 31. Nautilus Environmental Sensitivity of larval P. promelas, and Ceriodaphnia dubia to total zinc (Zn)", Unpublished laboratory data from 2004-2005, Nautilus Environmental, San Diego, CA (2006). 32. Paquin, P.R., Santore, R.C., Farley, K., et al. Metals in aquatic systems: A review of exposure, bioaccumulation, and toxicity models (aquatic metals", SETAC Press, p. 160 (2003). 33. Schubauer-Berigan, M.K., Amato, J.R., Ankley, G.T., Baker, S.E., Burkhard, L.P., Dierkes, J.R., Jenson, J.J., Lukasewycz, M.T., and Norberg-King, T.J. The behavior and identi_cation of toxic metals in complex mixtures: Examples from e_uent and sediment porewater toxicity identi_cation evaluations", Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 24(3), pp. 298-306 (1993b). 34. Bergman, H.L. and Dorward-King, E.J. Reassessment of metals criteria for aquatic life protection", Proceedings of the Pellston Workshop on Reassessment of Metals Criteria for Aquatic Life Protection, Pensacola, FL, SETAC Press, Pensacola (1997) 35. Strecker, E.W., Quigley, M.M., Urbonas, B.R., Jones, J.E., and Clary, J.K. Determining urban storm water BMP e_ectiveness", Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 127(3), pp. 144-149 (2001). 36. Kayhanian, M., Stenstrom, M.K., and Young, T.M. Performance evaluation of a detention basin based on removal of particles and the associated pollutants", Final report (CTSW-RT-06-168-05.1) prepared for the Division of Environmental Analysis, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA (2007). 37. Anderson, B.S., Phillips, B.M., Voorhees, J.P., Siegler, K., and Tjeerdema, R. Bioswales reduce contaminants associated with toxicity in urban storm water", Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, 35(12), pp. 3124-3134 (2016).
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Employing a Novel Gait Pattern Generator on a Social Humanoid Robot
This paper presents a novel Gait Pattern Generator developed for the “Alice” social humanoid robot whichup to now lacked an appropriate walking pattern. Due to the limitations of this robot, the proposed gatepattern generator was formulated based on a nine-mass model to decrease the modeling errors; and theinverse kinematics of the whole lower-body was solved in such a way that the robot remains staticallystable during the movements. The main challenge of this work was to solve the inverse kinematics of a7-link chain with 12 degrees-of-freedom. For this purpose, a new graphical-numerical technique has beenprovided using the definition of the kinematic equations of the robot joints’ Cartesian coordinates. Thismethod resulted in a significant increase in the calculations’ solution rate. Finally, a novel algorithm wasdeveloped for step-by-step displacement of the robot towards a desired destination in a two-dimensionalspace. Performance of the proposed gate pattern generator was evaluated both with a model of the robot ina MATLAB Simulink environment and in real experiments with the Alice humanoid robot.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21358_00fa14e334ff6c3534fa8d8ff10d8847.pdf
2019-08-01
2154
2166
10.24200/sci.2019.21358
Social robots
bipedal robots
gait pattern generating
inverse kinematics
static stability condition
A.
Meghdari
meghdari@sharif.edu
1
Social & Cognitive Robotics Laboratory, Center of Excellence in Design, Robotics, and Automation (CEDRA), School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, IRAN
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Behzadipour
behzadipour@sharif.ir
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Abedi
3
School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Taheri, A., Meghdari, A., Alemi, M., et al. Teaching music to children with autism: a social robotics challenge", Scientia Iranica, 26(1), pp. 40-58 (2019).
2
2. Alemi, M., Meghdari, A., and Ghazisaedy, M. The impact of social robotics on L2 learners' anxiety and attitude in English vocabulary acquisition", International Journal of Social Robotics, 7(4), pp. 523-535 (2015).
3
3. Alemi, M., Ghanbarzadeh, A., Meghdari, A., et al. Clinical application of a humanoid robot in pediatric cancer interventions", International Journal of Social Robotics, 8(5), pp. 743-759 (2016). 4. Meghdari, A., Alemi, M., Zakipour, M., et al. Design and realization of a sign language educational humanoid robot", Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, pp. 1-15 (2018). 5. Meghdari, A., Shariati, A., Alemi, M., et al. Design performance characteristics of a social robot companion Arash" for pediatric hospitals", International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, 15(05), p. 1850019 (2018). 6. Meghdari, A., Shariati, A., Alemi, M., et al. Arash: A social robot buddy to support children with cancer in a hospital environment", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, 232(6), pp. 605-618 (2018). 7. Al-Shuka, H.F., Allmendinger, F., Corves, B., et al. Modeling, stability and walking pattern generators of biped robots: a review", Robotica, 32(6), pp.907-934 (2014). 8. Jianghai, Z., Xiaodong, Y., Feng, H., et al. Walking pattern generation of biped robot using trajectory planning of gravity center", In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation, pp. 890-895 (2014). 9. Vukobratovic, M., Frank, A.A., and Juricic, D. On the stability of biped locomotion", IEEE Transactions A. Meghdari et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2154{2166 2165 on Biomedical Engineering, BME-17(1), pp. 25-36 (1970). 10. Goswami, A. Postural stability of biped robots and the foot-rotation indicator (FRI) point", The International Journal of Robotics Research, 18(6), pp. 523-533 (1999). 11. Goswami, A. and Kallem, V. Rate of change of angular momentum and balance maintenance of biped robots", In IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA'04. 2004, 4, pp. 3785-3790 (2004). 12. Garcia, E., Estremera, J., and De Santos, P.G. A comparative study of stability margins for walking machines", Robotica, 20(6), pp. 595-606 (2002). 13. De Santos, P.G., Jimenez, M.A., and Armada, M.A. Dynamic e_ects in statically stable walking machines", Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 23(1), pp. 71-85 (1998). 14. Popovic, M.B., Goswami, A., and Herr, H. Ground reference points in legged locomotion: De_nitions, biological trajectories and control implications", The International Journal of Robotics Research, 24(12), pp. 1013-1032 (2005). 15. Kajita, S., Kanehiro, F., Kaneko, K., et al. The 3D linear inverted pendulum mode: A simple modeling for a biped walking pattern generation", In Proceedings 2001 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Expanding the Societal Role of Robotics in the Next Millennium (Cat. No. 01CH37180), 1, pp. 239-246 (2001). 16. Park, J.H. and Kim, K.D. May. Biped robot walking using gravity-compensated inverted pendulum mode and computed torque control", In Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No. 98CH36146), 4, pp. 3528-3533 (1998). 17. Shimmyo, S., Sato, T., and Ohnishi, K. Biped walking pattern generation by using preview control based on three-mass model", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(11), pp. 5137-5147 (2013). 18. Meghdari, A., Sohrabpour, S., Naderi, D., et al. A novel method of gait synthesis for bipedal fast locomotion", Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 53(2), pp. 101-118 (2008). 19. Albert, A. and Gerth, W. Analytic path planning algorithms for bipedal robots without a trunk", Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems, 36(2), pp. 109-127 (2003). 20. Sakagami, Y., Watanabe, R., Aoyama, C., et al. The intelligent ASIMO: System overview and integration", In IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 3, pp. 2478-2483 (2002). 21. Gouaillier, D., Hugel, V., Blazevic, P., et al. Mechatronic design of NAO humanoid", In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 769-774 (2009). 22. Ali, M.A., Park, H.A., and Lee, C.G. Closed-form inverse kinematic joint solution for humanoid robots", In 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 704-709 (2010). 23. Lim_on, R.C., Ibarra, Z.J.M., and Armada, R.M._A. Inverse kinematics of a humanoid robot with nonspherical hip: A hybrid algorithm approach", International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 10(4), p. 213 (2013). 24. https://lego-discounter.com/hanson-robokind-r50- humanoid-alice 25. Taheri, A.R., Alemi, M., Meghdari, A., et al. Social robots as assistants for autism therapy in Iran: Research in progress", In 2014 Second RSI/ISM International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICRoM), pp. 760-766 (2014). 26. Taheri, A., Meghdari, A., Alemi, M., et al. Clinical interventions of social humanoid robots in the treatment of a pair of high-and low-functioning autistic Iranian twins", Scientia Iranica, Transactions B, Mechanical Engineering, 25(3), pp. 1197-1214 (2018). 27. Taheri, A.R., Alemi, M., Meghdari, A., et al. Clinical application of humanoid robots in playing imitation games for autistic children in Iran", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, pp. 898-906 (2015). 28. Taheri, A., Alemi, M., Meghdari, A., et al. Impact of humanoid social robots on treatment of a pair of Iranian autistic twins", In Social Robotics: 7th Int. Conf., ICSR 2015, Paris, France, pp. 623-632 (2015). 29. Abedi, M. On the design of a gait pattern for the Alice Mina" social robot", M.Sc. Thesis, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (January, 2016). 30. https://www.robokind.com/ 31. Spong, M.W., Hutchinson, S., and Vidyasagar, M. Forward and invers kinematics", In Robot Modeling and Control, First Edn., pp. 65-103 (2006).
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The nontrivial zeros of completed zeta function and Riemann hypothesis
Based on the completed Zeta function, this paper addresses that the real part ofevery non-trivial zero of the Riemann’s............
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21465_b2763d3101f4a7cd00362591973bcef1.pdf
2019-08-01
2167
2175
10.24200/sci.2019.21465
Riemann hypothesis
Riemann’s Zeta function
nontrivial zeros
critical line
completed Zeta function
X.-J.
Yang
1
State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China.eoples Republic of China.; School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China. College of Mathematics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China.;College of Mathematics and Systems Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, People's Republic of China.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Carlson, J., Carlson, J.A., Ja_e, A., and Wiles, A., Eds., The Millennium Prize Problems, American Mathematical Society, New York, USA (2006).
2
2. Jessen, B. and Wintner, A. Distribution functions and the Riemann zeta function", Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 38(1), pp. 48-88 (1935).
3
3. Selberg, A. Contribution to the theory of the Riemann zeta-function", Archiv for Mathematik Og Naturvidenskab, 48(5), pp. 89-155 (1946).
4
4. Hardy, G.H. and Littlewood, J.E. Contributions to the theory of the Riemann zeta-function and the theory of the distribution of primes", Acta Mathematica, 41(1), pp. 119-196 (1916). 5. Neukirch, J., Algebraic Number Theory, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (the original German edition was published in 1992 under the title Algebraische Zahlentheorie) (1999). 6. Riemann, G.F.B. Uber die Anzahl der Primzahlen unter einer gegebenen Groosse", Monatsberichte der Berliner Akademie, 2, pp. 671-680 (1859). 7. Euler, L. Sur la perfection des verres objectfs des lunettes", M_emoires de lacad_emie des sciences de Berlin, pp. 274-296 (1749). 8. Chebyshev, P.L., Selected Mathematical Works, Moscow-Leningrad (1946) (In Russian). 9. Devlin, K., The Millennium Problems: The Seven Greatest Unsolved Mathematical Puzzles of Our Time, Barnes & Noble, New York (2002). 10. Berry, M.V. and Keating, J.P. The Riemann zeros and eigenvalue asymptotics", Siam Review, 41(2), pp. 236-266 (1999). 11. Sierra, G. and Townsend, P.K. Landau levels and Riemann zeros", Physical Review Letters, 101(11), p. 110201 (2008). 12. Bender, C.M., Brody, D.C., and Muller, M.P. Hamiltonian for the zeros of the Riemann zeta function", Physical Review Letters, 118(13), p. 130201 (2017). X.-J. Yang/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2167{2175 2175 13. Euler, L. Remarques sur un beau rapport entre les series des puissances tant directes que reciproques", Memoires de l'academie des Sciences de Berlin, 17, pp. 83-106 (1768). 14. Neukirch, J., Algebraic Number Theory, Springer, New York, USA (1999). 15. Hardy, G.H., Ramanujan: Twelve Lectures on Subjects Suggested by his Life and Work, Cambridge University Press, London (1940). 16. Titchmarsh, E.C., The Theory of the Riemann Zeta Function, 2nd Ed., Clarendon Press, New York (1987). 17. Yang, X.J., Baleanu, D., and Srivastava, H.M., Local Fractional Integral Transforms and Their Applications, Academic Press, London (2015). 18. Sarnak, P., Problems of the Millenium: The Riemann Hypothesis, Clay Mathematics Institute, New York, USA (2004). 19. Gelbart, S. and Miller, S. Riemann's zeta function and beyond", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 41(1), pp. 59-112 (2004). 20. Tate, J.T. Fourier analysis in number _elds, and Hecke's zeta-functions, algebraic number theory", Proc. Instructional Conf., Brighton, 1965, pp. 305- 347, (Thompson, Washington DC (1967). 21. Edwards, H.M., Riemann's Zeta Function, Academic Press, New York, USA (1974).' 22. Sierra, G. On the quantum reconstruction of the Riemann zeros", Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 41(30), 304041 (2008). 23. Taylor, P.R. On the Riemann zeta function", The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, 16, pp. 1-21 (1945). 24. Hardy, G.H. and Littlewood, J.E. The zeros of Riemann's zeta-function on the critical line", Mathematische Zeitschrift, 10(3-4), pp. 283-317 (1921). 25. Levinson, N. More than one third of zeros of Riemann's zeta-function are on _ = 1=2", Advances in Mathematics, 13(4), pp. 383-436 (1974). 26. Conrey, J.B., Ghosh, A., and Gonek, S.M. Simple zeros of the Riemann zeta-function", Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 76(3), pp. 497-522 (1998). 27. Hardy, G.H. Sur les zeros de la fonction _ (s) de Riemann ", Comptes Rendus Mathematique Academie des Sciences, Paris, 158, pp. 1012-1014 (1914). 28. Van de Lune, J., te Riele, H.J., and Winter, D.T. On the zeros of the Riemann zeta function in the critical strip. IV", Mathematics of Computation, 46(174), pp. 667-681 (1986). 29. Jacobi, C.G.J., Fundamenta Nova Theoriae Functionum Ellipticarum, Regiomonti, Borntraeger, Konigsberg, Cambridge University Press, New York, USA (2012). 30. Siegel, C.L., Advanced Analytic Number Theory, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay (1980). 31. Gonzalez, M., Classical Complex Analysis, CRC Press, London (1991). 32. Rudin, W., Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York (1987). 33. Churchill, R. and James W.B.W., Complex Variables and Applications, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA (1984). 34. Landau, E., Handbuch der Lehre von der Verteilung der Primzahlen, Teubner, Leipzig (1909).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A New Method to Determine the Collapse Capacity and Risk of RC Structures Incorporating Pulse Period Effect in Near-Faultwith Considering Confinement ratio
Collapse capacity is one of the fundamental factors for evaluating of collapse risk in performance-based design engineering field. Calculation of this parameter has been time consuming during past decade. This issue has prevented engineers from determining this parameter in a prevalent and practical way. Furthermore, defining of this value has been found more challenging in a near-source region due to special characteristics of its pulse-like records which make the collapse capacity more dependent on period ratio, T/Tp. In this study, amethod is proposed to obtain collapse capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) structures considering two main variables effecting columns behavior: axial load ratio and confinement ratio. The mentioned methodeschews the intensive computational challenges of incremental dynamic analyses to find collapse probability. By the proposed approach, the pulse period impact is incorporated into collapse risk using probabilistic equations. After the role of axial load ratio was illustrated,the resulted collapse probability distributions and the corresponding risk values are obtained for a near-fault site. The resultsexplain that asthe confinement ratio descends, the collapse capacity with near-fault pulse effect is decreased and the risk values are raised consequently. In addition, the results are found in compliance with ASCE acceptable risk value.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21438_c08dc7bd795289c0fe7ebccc992cc356.pdf
2019-08-01
2176
2186
10.24200/sci.2019.21438
collapse probability
Risk
near-fault
pulse period
confinement ratio
backbone behavior
axial load ratio
H.
Shanehsazzadeh
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424, Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Tehranizadeh
tehz@govir.ir
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424, Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Ellingwood, B.R. and Wen, Y. Risk-bene_t-based design decisions for low-probability/high consequence earthquake events in Mid-America", Prog. Struct. Engng Mater, 7, pp. 56-70 (2005). DOI:10.1002/pse.191
2
2. Luco, N., Ellingwood, B.R., Hamburger, R.O., Hooper, J.D., Kimball, J. K., and Kircher, C.A., Risk-targeted versus current seismic design maps for the conterminous United States", SEAOC, Convention Proceedings (2007).
3
3. ASCE Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures", ASCE/SEI 7-16, American Society of Civil Engineers: Reston, Virginia (2016). 4. Applied Technology Council Quanti_cation of building seismic performance factors (FEMA P695)", NEHRP Recomended Provisions for Seismic Design of New Buildings and Other Structures, FEMA P-695, Federal Emergency Management Agency Washington, D.C (2009). 5. Judd, J. and Charney, F. Earthquake risk analysis of structures in structural dynamics", EURODYN 2014, A. Cunha, et al., Editors, Porto, Portugal, pp. 2929- 2938 (2014). 6. Baker, J.W. Quantitative classi_cation of near-fault ground motions using wavelet analysis", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97(5), pp. 1486-1501 (2007). 7. Baker, J.W. and Cornell, C.A. Vector-valued intensity measures for pulse-like near-fault ground motions", Engineering Structures, 30(4), pp. 1048-1057 (2008). 8. Tehranizadeh, M. and Shanehsazzadeh, H. Nearfault ampli_cation factor by using wavelet method", Research, Development and Practice in Structural Engineering and Construction (2011). DOI: 10.3850/978- 981-08-7920-4 St-35-0117 9. Tehranizadeh, M. and Shanehsazzadeh, H. Directivity e_ects on near fault ampli_cation factor", Urban Earthquake Engineering, Sharif university (April 2011). 10. Youse_, M. and Taghikhany, T. Incorporation of directivity e_ect in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and disaggregation of Tabriz city", Natural Hazards (2014). DOI 10.1007/s11069-014-1096-5 11. Shahi, S.K. and Baker, J.W. An e_cient algorithm to identify strong velocity pulses in multi-component ground motions", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 104(5), pp. 2456-2466 (2014). 2186 H. Shanehsazzadeh and M. Tehranizadeh/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2176{2186 12. Haselton, C.B., Liel, A., Deierlein, G.G., Dean, B.S., and Chou, J.H. Seismic collapse safety of reinforced concrete buildings. I: Assessment of ductile moment frames", Journal of Structural Engineering, 137(4), pp. 481-491 (2010). 13. Liel, A., Haselton, C.B., and Deierlein, G. Seismic collapse safety of reinforced concrete buildings. II: Comparative assessment of nonductile and ductile moment frames", Journal of Structural Engineering, 137(4), pp. 492-502 (2010). 14. Champion, C. and Liel, A. The e_ect of near-fault directivity on building seismic collapse risk", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 41(10), pp. 1391- 1409 (2012). 15. Champion, C. and Liel, A. The e_ect of near-fault directivity on building seismic collapse risk", Final Report to U.S. Geological Survey (Feb. 2010-Jan. 2012). 16. Haselton, C.B., Liel, A., Lange, S., and Deierlein, G. Beam-column element model calibrated for predicting exural response leading to global collapse of RC frame buildings", PEER Report (2007). 17. Baltzopoulos, G., Vamvatsikos, D., and Iervolino, I. Analytical modelling of near-source pulse-like seismic demand for multi-linear backbone oscillators", Earthquake Engng Struct. Dyn, Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) (2016). DOI: 10.1002/eqe.2729 18. Moshref, A., Tehranizadeh, M., and Khanmohammadi, M. Investigation of the reliability of nonlinear modeling approaches to capture the residual displacements of RC columns under seismic loading", Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 13(8), pp. 2327-2345 (August 2015). 19. Baltzopoulos, G. Structural performance evaluation in near-source conditions", Doctorate Programme in Seismic Risk, XXVII cycle, Universit degliStudi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy, http://wpage. unina. it/iuniervo/doc en/Students.html (2015). 20. Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings", Standard No. 2800, 4th edition (2014).
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of creep on high-order shear deformable beams
A powerful and new theoretical approach is used to obtain an expression for the effect of creep on reinforced concrete shear deformable beams. First, a method for Euler-Bernulli beam is proposed to represent long-term behavior of concrete beams based on linear strain theory. Secondly, a formulation is developed for analyzing the strain distribution in shear deformable concrete beams. Finally, three numerical examples are included in order to compare well-known codes with the proposed method. Comparison between proposed method, FEM, codes and experimental works demonstrate that the proposed analytical procedure can effectively simulate creep behavior in reinforced concrete beams.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21359_2eca4241a2c5991703d4a82011447e81.pdf
2019-08-01
2187
2202
10.24200/sci.2019.21359
creep
concrete beam
strain distribution
shear deformable beam
kelvin chain model
M.
Ghabdian
1
Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. B.
Beheshti Aval
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Vafai
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Wang, C.M., Reddy, J.N., and Lee K.H., Shear Deformable Beams and Plates-Relationships with Classical Solutions, UK, Elsevier (2000).
2
2. Levinson, M.A. New rectangular beam theory", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 74(1), pp. 81-87 (1981).
3
3. Heyliger, P.R. and Reddy, J.N. A higher order beam _nite element for bending and vibration problems", Journal of Sound and Vibration, 126(2), pp. 309-326 (1988). 4. Challamel, N. High-order shear beam theories and enriched continuum", Mechanics Research Communications, 38(5), pp. 388-392 (2011). 5. Sayyad, A.S. Comparison of various re_ned beam theories for the bending and free vibration analysis of thick beams", Applied and Computational Mechanics, 5(2), pp. 217-230 (2011). 6. Sayyad, A.S. and Ghugal, Y.M. A uni_ed shear deformation theory for the bending of isotropic, functionally graded, laminated and sandwich beams and plates", International Journal of Applied Mechanics, 9(1), pp. 1-36 (2017). M. Ghabdian et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2187{2202 2199 7. Dongil, S., Soomin, C., Jang G.W., and Kim Y.Y. High-order beam theory for static and vibration analysis of composite thin-walled box beam", Composite Structures, 206, pp. 140-154 (2018). 8. Le, C.A. and Kosmatka, J.B. On the analysis of prismatic beams using _rst-order warping functions", International Journal of Solid and Structures, 29(7), pp. 879-891 (1992). 9. Sayyad, A.S. Comparison of various re_ned beam theories for the bending and free vibration analysis of thick beams", Applied and Computational Mechanics, 5(2), pp. 217-230 (2011). 10. Polizzotto, C. From the Euler-Bernoulli beam to the Timoshenko one through a sequence of Reddy-type shear deformable beam models of increasing order", European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solids, 53, pp. 62- 74 (2015). 11. Minera, S., Panti, M., Carrera, E., Petrolo, M., Weaver, P.M., and Pirrera, A. Three-dimensional stress analysis for beam-like structures using Serendipity Lagrange shape functions", International Journal of Solid and Structures, 141-142, pp. 279-296 (2018). 12. Kim, M.S., Kim, H., Park, H., Ahn, N., and Lee, Y.H. Evaluation of shear behavior of deep beams with shear reinforced with GFRP plate", Scientia Iranica, 22(6), pp. 2142-2149 (2015). 13. Karaman, S.I. Shear behavior of reinforced concrete deep beams", PhD Dissertation, Department of civil engineering, University of She_eld, UK (2016). 14. Fib Model Code for Concrete Structures, Germany, Ernst & Sohn (2013). 15. Euro-code 2, Design of Concrete Structures - Part 1-1, General Rules and Rules for Building, Brussels. (2004). 16. ACI Committee 209R-08, Guide for Modeling and Calculating Shrinkage and Creep in Hardened Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, USA (2008). 17. Bazant, Z.P. and Murphy W.P. Creep and shrinkage prediction model for analysis and design of concrete structures-model B3", Materiaux et Constructions, 28(180), pp. 357-365 (1995). 18. Lakho, N.A. and Zadari, M.A. Long-term exural behavior of reinforced baked clay beams", Scientia Iranica, 24(3), pp. 877-883 (2017). 19. Gilbert, R.I. and Ranzi, G., Time-dependent Behavior of Concrete Structures, New York, Spon Press (2011). 20. Gilbert, R.I. Time-dependent sti_ness of cracked reinforced and composite concrete slabs", Procedia Engineering, 57, pp. 19-34 (2013). 21. Bazant, Z.P. Prediction of concrete creep e_ects using age-adjusted e_ective modulus method", Journal Proc., 69(4), pp. 212-219 (1972). 22. Fernandez Ruiz, M., Muttoni, A., and Gambarova, P.G. Relationship between nonlinear creep and cracking of concrete under uniaxial compression", Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 5(3), pp. 383-393 (2007). 23. Tasevski, D., Fernandez Ruiz, M., and Muttoni, A. Compressive strength and deformation capacity of concrete under sustained loading and low stress rates", Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 16, pp. 396- 415 (2018). 24. Anis, M.A., Farid, B.J., and Al-Janabi, A.I.M. Stressstrain relationship for concrete in compression mode of local materials", JKAU. Engineering Science, 2, pp. 183-194 (1990). 25. Gilbert, R.I. Calculation of long-term deection", CIA Seminar, Brisbane (April 2008). 26. Reybrouck, N., Criel, P., Mullem, T.V., and Caspeele, R. Long-term data of reinforced concrete beams subjected to high sustained loads and simpli_ed prediction method", Structural Concrete, 18(6), pp. 850-861 (2017). 27. Lubliner, J., Oliver, J., Oller, S., and Onate E. A plastic-damage model for concrete", International Journal of Solid and Structures, 25(1), pp. 299-329 (1989). 28. Qiang, Y., Bazant, Z.P., and Wendner, R. Improved algorithm for e_cient and realistic creep analysis of large creep-sensitive concrete structures", ACI Structural Journal, 109(5), pp. 665-675 (2012). 29. ACI Committee 318-14, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, USA (2014).
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimum recovery time for cyclic compression tests on bovine brain tissue
In conducting mechanical tests on the brain tissue, it is preferred to perform multiple tests on the same sample. In this study we investigated the behavior of the bovine brain tissue in repeated compression tests with six recovery periods (10, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 s). Compression tests were performed on cylindrical samples with an average diameter and height of 18.0 mm and 15.0 mm respectively. Two testing protocols were employed: first protocol comprised of experiments with 5, 25 and 125 mm/min loading speed up to 33% strain and the second protocol consisted of tests with 25 and 125 mm/min loading speed up to 17% strain. Each experiment was conducted in two cycles separated by a specific recovery period. Stress-strain data from the first and second cycles were compared using three criteria, namely Normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE), coefficient of variation (R2) and effective height ratio (EHR). The analysis suggests that the optimum recovery period for the first and second protocols are 120 s and 180 s respectively. Moreover, differences between the first and second cycles of medium and high speed tests were found to be smaller compared to the low-speed experiments.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21418_740a7127d7aac96aab071da305be59b6.pdf
2019-08-01
2203
2211
10.24200/sci.2019.21418
Recovery time
Preconditioning effect
Strain history
Brain tissue modeling
Bovine brain tissue
M.
Mohajery
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.T.
Ahmadian
ahmadian@sharif.ir
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Cloots, R.J.H., Van Dommelen, J.A.W., Kleiven, S., and Geers, M.G.D. Multi-scale mechanics of traumatic brain injury: Predicting axonal strains from head loads", Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol., 12(1), pp. 137-150 (2013).
2
2. Friedman, R., Epstein, Y., and Gefen, A., Traumatic Brain Injury in the Military: Biomechanics and Finite Element Modelling BT - The Mechanobiology and Mechanophysiology of Military-Related Injuries, A. Gefen and Y. Epstein, Eds. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 209-233 (2016).
3
3. Sahoo, D., Deck, C., Yoganandan, N., and Willinger, R. Development of skull fracture criterion based on real-world head trauma simulations using _nite ele2210 M. Mohajery and M.T. Ahmadian/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2203{2211 ment head model", J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 57, pp. 24-41 (2016). 4. Clark, J.M., Hoshizaki, T.B., and Gilchrist, M.D. Assessing women's lacrosse head impacts using _nite element modelling", J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 80, pp. 20-26 (2018). 5. Kansal, A.R., Torquato, S., Harsh IV, G.R., Chiocca, E.A., and Deisboeck, T.S. Simulated brain tumor growth dynamics using a three-dimensional cellular automaton", J. Theor. Biol., 203(4), pp. 367-382 (2000). 6. Wong, K.C.L., Summers, R.M., Kebebew, E., and Yao, J. Tumor growth prediction with reaction-di_usion and hyperelastic biomechanical model by physiological data fusion", Med. Image Anal., 25(1), pp. 72-85 (2015). 7. Hrapko, M., Van Dommelen, J.A., Peters, G.W., and Wismans, J.S. The inuence of test conditions on characterization of the mechanical properties of brain tissue", J. Biomech. Eng., 130(3), p. 31003 (2008). 8. Cheng, S., Clarke, E.C., and Bilston, L.E. Rheological properties of the tissues of the central nervous system: A review", Med. Eng. Phys., 30(10), pp. 1318-1337 (Dec. 2008). 9. Miller, K. and Chinzei, K. Constitutive modelling of brain tissue: Experiment and theory", J. Biomech., 30(11-12), pp. 1115-1121 (1997). 10. Miller, K. and Chinzei, K. Mechanical properties of brain tissue in tension", J. Biomech., 35(4), pp. 483- 490 (2002). 11. Jin, X., Zhu, F., Mao, H., Shen, M., and Yang, K.H. A comprehensive experimental study on material properties of human brain tissue", J. Biomech., 46(16), pp. 2795-2801 (2013). 12. Budday, S., Nay, R., De Rooij, R., et al. Mechanical properties of gray and white matter brain tissue by indentation", J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 46, pp. 318-330 (2015). 13. Rashid, B., Destrade, M., and Gilchrist, M.D. Mechanical characterization of brain tissue in tension at dynamic strain rates", J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 33(1), pp. 43-54 (2014). 14. Budday, S., Sommer, G., Birkl, C., et al. Mechanical characterization of human brain tissue", Acta Biomater., 48, pp. 319-340 (2017). 15. Bilston, L.E., Liu, Z., and Phan-Thien, N. Linear viscoelastic properties of bovine brain tissue in shear", Biorheology, 34(6), pp. 377-385 (1997). 16. Van Dommelen, J.A.W., Van Der Sande, T.P.J., Hrapko, M., and Peters, G.W.M. Mechanical properties of brain tissue by indentation: Interregional variation", J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 3(2), pp. 158-166 (2010). 17. Destrade, M., Gilchrist, M.D., Murphy, J.G., Rashid, B., and Saccomandi, G. Extreme softness of brain matter in simple shear", Int. J. Non. Linear. Mech., 75, pp. 54-58 (2015). 18. Labus, K.M. and Puttlitz, C.M. Viscoelasticity of brain corpus callosum in biaxial tension", J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 96, pp. 591-604 (2016). 19. Fung, Y.-C., Biomechanics: Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, 2nd Ed. New York, NY: Springer New York (1993). 20. Gefen, A. and Margulies, S.S. Are in vivo and in situ brain tissues mechanically similar?", J. Biomech., 37(9), pp. 1339-1352 (2004). 21. Carew, E.O., Barber, J.E., and Vesely, I. Role of preconditioning and recovery time in repeated testing of aortic valve tissues: Validation through quasilinear viscoelastic theory", Ann. Biomed. Eng., 28(9), pp. 1093-1100 (Sep. 2000). 22. Hubbard, R.P. and Chun, K. Mechanical responses of tendons to repeated extensions and wait periods", J. Biomech. Eng., 110, pp. 11-19 (Feb. 1988). 23. Sverdlik, A. and Lanir, Y. Time-dependent mechanical behavior of sheep digital tendons, including the e_ects of preconditioning", J. Biomech. Eng., 124(1), pp. 78-84 (2002). 24. Lanir, Y. and Fung, Y.C. Two-dimensional mechanical properties of rabbit skin-II. Experimental results", J. Biomech., 7(2), pp. 171-182 (1974). 25. Vogel, H.G. and Denkel, K. In Vivo recovery of mechanical properties in rat skin after repeated strain", Arch. Dermatol. Res., 277(6), pp. 484-488 (1985). 26. Remache, D., Caliez, M., Gratton, M., and Dos Santos, S. The e_ects of cyclic tensile and stressrelaxation tests on porcine skin", J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 77, pp. 242-249 (2018). 27. Prange, M.T. and Margulies, S.S. Regional, directional, and age-dependent properties of the brain undergoing large deformation", J. Biomech. Eng., 124(2), p. 244 (2002). 28. Prevost, T.P., Balakrishnan, A., Suresh, S., and Socrate, S. Biomechanics of brain tissue", Acta Biomater., 7(1), pp. 83-95 (2011). 29. Prevost, T.P., Jin, G., De Moya, M.A., Alam, H.B., Suresh, S., and Socrate, S. Dynamic mechanical response of brain tissue in indentation in vivo, in situ and in vitro", Acta Biomater., 7(12), pp. 4090-4101 (2011). 30. Cheng, S. and Bilston, L.E. Uncon_ned compression of white matter", J. Biomech., 40(1), pp. 117-124 (2007).
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Development of Fragility Curves for Existing Residential Steel Buildings with Concentrically Braced Frames
The objective of this study is to develop analytical fragility curves for an ensemble of 3- to 6-story existing residential steel buildings with concentrically braced frames in two directions, designed during 2010 and 2015, and located in Qazvin, Iran. The buildings are modeled three-dimensionally in the OpenSees, considering braces buckling behavior. Maximum interstory drift ratio ( ) and spectral acceleration at fundamental period of the structure with 5% viscous damping ( ) are considered as Damage index ( ) and Intensity measure ( ), respectively. Limit states are specified as discussed in FEMA 356. Ground motion record selection and uncertainties assessment is carried out based on FEMA P695 methodology. Analysis is performed using truncated incremental dynamic analysis ( ). Fragility function is defined as a log-normal cumulative distribution function ( ) and maximum likelihood method is used to estimate fragility parameters. According to the fragility curves obtained, seismic vulnerability of the structures is generally increased as the number of stories rises. Concentration of the inelasticity is also found to be mainly at the first story level. The results also confirm the fact that the record to record variability is the main source of uncertainty in structural probabilistic evaluation.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21498_1b4140b0a40ae864af4f4741123bf662.pdf
2019-08-01
2212
2228
10.24200/sci.2019.21498
Analytical fragility curve
steel concentrically braced frames
OpenSees
FEMA 356
FEMA P695
truncated IDA
Maximum Likelihood Method
A.
Bakhshi
1
Development of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9313, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Soltanieh
2
Development of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9313, Iran.
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.BHRC Iranian code of practice for seismic resistant design of buildings: Standard no. 2800. 3rd ed", Building and Housing Research Center (2005).
2
2. Erberik, M.A. and Elnashai, A.S., Seismic Vulnerability of Flat-Slab Structures, Mid-America Earthquake Center CD Release 03-06 (2003).
3
3. Kumar, S.A., Rajaram, C., Mishra, S., Kumar, R.P., and Karnath, A. Rapid visual screening of di_erent housing typologies in Himachal Pradesh, India", Natural Hazards, 85(3), pp. 1851-1875 (2017).
4
4. Del Gaudio, C., De Martino, G., Di Ludovico, M., Manfredi, G., Prota, A., Ricci, P., and Verderame, G.M. Empirical fragility curves from damage data on RC buildings after the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake", Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 15(4), pp. 1425- 1450 (2017). 5. Toma-Danila, D. and Arma_s, I. Insights into the possible seismic damage of residential buildings in Bucharest, Romania, at neighborhood resolution", Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 15(3), pp. 1161- 1184 (2017). 6. Tavakoli, B. and Tavakoli, A. Estimating the vulnerability and loss functions of residential buildings", Natural Hazards, 7(2), pp. 155-171 (1993). 7. JICA, C. The study on seismic microzoning of the greater Tehran area in the Islamic Republic of Iran", Final Report to the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Tokyo, Japan (2000). 8. Mostafaei, H. and Kabeyasawa, T. Investigation and analysis of damage to buildings during the 2003 Bam earthquake", Bulletin of Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 79, pp. 107-132 (2004). 9. Bakhshi, A. and Karimi, K. Performance evaluation of masonry buildings using a probabilistic approach", Scientia Iranica, 15(3), pp. 295-307 (2008). 10. Jalalian, M. Deriving of empirical vulnerability functions for Iran", M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran (2006). 11. Kazemi, H., Ghafory-Ashtiany, M., and Azarbakht, A. E_ect of epsilon-based record selection on fragility curves of typical irregular steel frames with concrete shear walls in Mashhad city", International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering, 5(1), p. 23 (2013). 12. Sadeghi, M., Ghafory-Ashtiany, M., and Pakdel-Lahiji, N. Developing seismic vulnerability curves for typical Iranian buildings", Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability, 229(6), pp. 627-640 (2015). A. Bakhshi and H. Soltanieh/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2212{2228 2227 13. Kazemi, H., Ghafory-Ashtiany, M., and Azarbakht, A. Development of fragility curves by incorporating new spectral shape indicators and a weighted damage index: case study of steel braced frames in the city of Mashhad, Iran", Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 16(2), pp. 383-395 (2017). 14. Izanloo, F. and Yahyaabadi, A. Determination of structural fragility curves of various building types for seismic vulnerability assessment in the Sarpol-e Zahab City", Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, 20(3), pp. 93-107 (2019). 15. MHUD, Iranian National Building Code, Part 6, Design Loads for Buildings, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran, Iran (2009). 16. MHUD, Iranian National Building Code, Part 10, Steel Structure Design, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran, Iran (2009). 17. TABS, Extended Three Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems, Computers and Structures, Inc (2011). 18. McKenna, F. OpenSees: a framework for earthquake engineering simulation", Computing in Science & Engineering, 13(4), pp. 58-66 (2011). 19. Uriz, P. and Mahin, S.A. Toward earthquake-resistant design of concentrically braced steel-frame structures", PEER rep no. 2008/08. Paci_c Earthquake Engineering Research Center, College of Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley (2008). 20. Soltanieh, H. Development of fragility curves for a number of existing buildings in Qazvin", M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran (2016). 21. Kinali, K. and Ellingwood, B.R. Seismic fragility assessment of steel frames for consequence based engineering: A case study for Memphis, TN", Engineering Structures, 29(6), pp. 1115-1127 (2007). 22. Berm_udez, C.A., Barbat, A.H., Pujades, L.G., and Gonz_alez-Drigo, J.R. Seismic vulnerability and fragility of steel buildings", In Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (2008). 23. Kazantzi, A.K., Righiniotis, T.D., and Chryssanthopoulos, M.K. The e_ect of joint ductility on the seismic fragility of a regular moment resisting steel frame designed to EC8 provisions", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 64(9), pp. 987-996 (2008). 24. Li, Q. and Ellingwood, B.R. Damage inspection and vulnerability analysis of existing buildings with steel moment-resisting frames", Engineering Structures, 30(2), pp. 338-351 (2008). 25. Ellingwood, B.R. and Kinali, K. Quantifying and communicating uncertainty in seismic risk assessment", Structural Safety, 31(2), pp. 179-187 (2009). 26. Majd, M., Hosseini, M., and MoeinAmini, A. Developing fragility curves for steel building with X-bracing by nonlinear time history analyses", In 15th World Conference Earthquake Engineering, Lisboa (2012). 27. Akbari, R., Aboutalebi, M.H., and Maheri, M.R. Seismic fragility assessment of steel X-braced and chevron-braced RC frames", Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (Bhrc), 16(1), pp. 13-27 (2015). 28. Kiani, A., Mansouri, B., and Moghadam, A.S. Fragility curves for typical steel frames with semirigid saddle connections", Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 118, pp. 231-242 (2016). 29. Banihashemi, M.R., Mirzagoltabar, A.R., and Tavakoli, H.R. Reliability and fragility curve assessment of steel concentrically braced frames", European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 20(7), pp. 748-770 (2016). 30. Li, G., Dong, Z.Q., Li, H.N., and Yang, Y. B. Seismic collapse analysis of concentrically-braced frames by the ida method", Advanced Steel Construction, 13(3), pp. 273-292 (2017). 31. Choi, K.S., Park, J.G., and Kim, H.J. Numerical investigation on design requirements for steel ordinary braced frames", Engineering Structures, 137, pp. 296- 309 (2017). 32. D__az, S.A., Pujades, L.G., Barbat, A.H., Hidalgo- Leiva, D.A., and Vargas-Alzate, Y.F. Capacity, damage and fragility models for steel buildings: a probabilistic approach", Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16(3), pp. 1209-1243 (2018). 33. Fattahi, F. and Gholizadeh, S. Seismic fragility assessment of optimally designed steel moment frames", Engineering Structures, 179, pp. 37-51 (2019). 34. Sinha, R. and Shiradhonkar, S.R. Seismic damage index for classi_cation of structural damage-closing the loop", In the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (2012). 35. Bani Asadi, A. Application of damage indices in seismic analysis of concrete frames using endurance time method", M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran (2012). 36. Pitilakis, K., Argyroudis, S., Kakderi, K., Argyroudis, A., Crowley, H., and Taucer, F., Systemic Seismic Vulnerability and Risk Analysis for Buildings, Lifeline Networks and Infrastructures Safety Gain, Publications O_ce of the European Union (2013). 37. Mackie, K. and Stojadinovi_c, B., Seismic Demands for Performance-Based Design of Bridges, Paci_c Earthquake Engineering Research Center (2003). 38. Fathieh, A. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of modular steel buildings in two and three dimensions", Doctoral dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto (2013). 39. FEMA, P695, Quanti_cation of Building Seismic Performance Factors, prepared by the Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, California for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC (2009). 2228 A. Bakhshi and H. Soltanieh/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2212{2228 40. http://peer.berkeley.edu/products/strong ground motion db.html 41. Lee, T.H. and Mosalam, K.M. Seismic demand sensitivity of reinforced concrete shear-wall building using FOSM method", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 34(14), pp. 1719-1736 (2005). 42. Koutromanos, I. and Shing, P.S. Example application of the FEMA P695 (ATC-63) methodology for the collapse performance evaluation of reinforced masonry shear wall structures", In Proc., 9th US National and 10th Canadian Conf. on Earthquake Engineering (2010). 43. Donovan, L.T. and Memari, A.M. Determination of seismic performance factors for structural insulated panel shear walls based on FEMA P695 methodology", PHRC Research Series Rep, 110 (2011). 44. Pragalath, D.H. and Sarkar, R.D.P. Reliability evaluation of RC frame by two major fragility analysis methods", Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (BHRC), 16(1), pp. 47-66 (2015). 45. Siyam, M. Seismic performance assessment of ductile reinforced concrete block structural walls", Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McMaster University, Ontario (2016). 46. Hsiao, P.C., Lehman, D.E., and Roeder, C.W. A model to simulate special concentrically braced frames beyond brace fracture", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 42(2), pp. 183-200 (2013). 47. Mazzoni, S., McKenna, F., Scott, M., and Fenves, G., Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSEES) User Command-Language Manual, Paci _c Earthquake Engineering Research Center., University of California, Berkeley (2006). 48. Vamvatsikos, D. Seismic performance, capacity and reliability of structures as seen through incremental dynamic analysis", Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Palo-Alto, CA (2002). 49. Baker, J.W. E_cient analytical fragility function _tting using dynamic structural analysis", Earthquake Spectra, 31(1), pp. 579-599 (2015). 50. FEMA, Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA-356, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC (2000). 51. MATLAB, The Language of Technical Programming, the Mathworks Inc (2010). 52. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. Direct estimation of seismic demand and capacity of multidegree-offreedom systems through incremental dynamic analysis of single degree of freedom approximation", Journal of Structural Engineering, 131(4), pp. 589-599 (2005).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Numerical modeling of particle motion and deposition in turbulent wavy channel flows
This work investigates the turbulent flow and particles deposition in wavy duct flows. The v2f turbulence model was used for simulating the turbulent flow through the wavy channel. The instantaneous turbulence fluctuating velocities were simulated using the Kraichnan Gaussian random field model. For tracking particles in the fluid flow, the particle equation of motion was solved numerically. The drag, Saffman lift, Brownian, and gravity forces acting on a suspended particle were included in the particle equation of motion. The effects of duct wave amplitude and wave length on deposition of particles of different sizes were studied. A range of waves with different amplitudes and wave lengths were simulated. The particle tracking approach was validated for turbulent flow in a flat horizontal channel where good agreement with previous studies was found. The presented results showed that the duct wavy walls significantly increase the particle deposition rate.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21405_b68f94d583e0b48865ca815b1c67af76.pdf
2019-08-01
2229
2240
10.24200/sci.2019.21405
particle deposition
Wavy channel
turbulent flow
v2f turbulence model
aerosols
H.
Hayati
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Soltani Goharrizi
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Salmanzadeh
msalmanz@uk.ac.ir
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
G.
Ahmadi
ahmadi@clarkson.edu
4
Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Wood, N.B. A simple method for the calculation of turbulent deposition to smooth and rough surfaces", Aerosol Sci., 12, pp. 275-290 (1981).
2
2. Fan, F.G. and Ahmadi, G. A sublayer model for turbulent deposition of particles in vertical ducts with smooth and rough surfaces", Aerosol Sci., 24, pp. 45- 64 (1992).
3
3. Li, A. and Ahmadi, G. Computer simulation of deposition of aerosols in a turbulent channel ow with rough walls", Aerosol Science and Technology, 18(1), pp. 11-24 (1993). 4. Tian, L. and Ahmadi, G. Particle deposition in turbulent duct ows - comparison of di_erent model prediction", Aerosol Science, 38, pp. 377-397 (2007). 5. Zhang, Z. and Chen, Q. Prediction of particle deposition onto indoor surfaces by CFD with a modi_ed Lagrangian method", Atmospheric Environment, 43, pp. 319-328 (2009). H. Hayati et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2229{2240 2239 6. Gao, R. and Li, A. Modeling deposition of particles in vertical square ventilation duct ows", Building and Environment, 46, pp. 245-252 (2010). 7. Sun, K., Lu, L., and Jiang, H. A computational investigation of particle distribution and deposition in a 900 bend incorporating a particle-wall model", Building and Environment, 46, pp. 1251-1262 (2010). 8. Gao, N., Niu, J., Zhu, T., and Wu, J. Using RANS in turbulent models and Lagrangian approach to predict particle deposition in turbulent channel ows", Building and Environment, 48, pp. 206-214 (2012). 9. Majlesara, M., Salmanzadeh, M., and Ahmadi, G. A model for particles deposition in turbulent inclined channels", Journal of Aerosol Science, 64, pp. 37-47 (2013). 10. Cherukat, P., Na, Y., and Hanratty, T.J. Direct numerical simulation of a fully developed turbulent ow over a wavy wall", Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynamics, 11, pp. 109-134 (1998). 11. Yoon, H.S., El-Samni, O.A., Huynh, A.T., et al. E_ect of wave amplitude on turbulent ow in a wavy channel by direct numerical simulation", Ocean Engineering, 36, pp. 697-707 (2009). 12. Errico, O. and Stalio, E. Direct numerical simulation of turbulent forced convection in a wavy channel at low and order one Prandtl number", International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 86, pp. 374-386 (2014). 13. Lu, H. and Lu, L. Numerical investigation on particle deposition enhancement in duct air ow by ribbed wall", Building and Environment, 85, pp. 61-72 (2014). 14. Lu, H. and Lu, L. A numerical study of particle deposition in ribbed duct ow with di_erent rib shapes", Building and Environment, 94, pp. 43-53 (2015). 15. Ni, P., Jonsson, L.T.I., Ersson, M., and Jonsson, P.G. Deposition of particles in liquid ows in horizontal straight channels", International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 62, pp. 166-173 (2016). 16. Wang, F., Zhang, E., andWang, J. A study of particle deposition in ventilation ducts with convex or con-cave wall cavity", Procedia Engineering, 205, pp. 3285-3292 (2017). 17. Dritselis, C.D. Numerical study of particle deposition in a turbulent channel ow with transverse roughness elements on one wall", International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 91, pp. 1-18 (2017). 18. Dritselis, C.D. On the enhancement of particle deposition in turbulent channel airow by a ribbed wall", Advanced Powder Technology, 28, pp. 922-931 (2017). 19. Li, Y., Gu, W.,Wang, D., and He, J. Direct numerical simulation of polydisperse aerosol particles deposition in low Reynolds number turbulent ow", Annals of Nuclear Energy, 12(1), pp. 223-231 (2018). 20. Ho, P.Y., Cheng, C.K., and Huang, K.H. Combined e_ects of thermophoresis and electrophoresis on particle deposition in mixed convection ow onto a vertical wavy plate", International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 101, pp. 116-121 (2019). 21. Gu, W., Wang, D., Li, Y., He, J., and He, Y. A stochastic method in simulating particles transport and deposition in wall-bounded turbulent ow", Annals of Nuclear Energy, 127, pp. 12-18 (2019). 22. Lu, H., Zhang, L.Z., Lu, L., and Pan, A. Numerical investigation on monodispersed particle deposition in turbulent duct ow with thermophoresis", Energy Procedia, 158, pp. 5711-5716 (2019). 23. Wang, Y., Yao, J., and Zhao, Y. Large eddy simulation of particle deposition and resuspension in turbulent duct ows", Advanced Powder Technology, 30(3), pp. 656-671 (2019). 24. Durbin, P.A. Near-wall turbulent closure modeling without damping function", Theoret. Comput. Fluid Dynamics, 3, pp. 1-13 (1991). 25. Kraichnan, R.H. Di_usion by random velocity _eld", Phys. Fluids, 11, pp. 22-31 (1970). 26. Davies, J.T., Turbulence Phenomena, Academic Press, New York (1972). 27. Sa_man, P.G. The lift on a small sphere in a slow shear ow", J. uid Mech., 22, pp. 385-400 (1965). 28. Philips, D.A., Rossi, R., and Iaccarino, G. The inuence of normal stress anisotropy in predicting scalar dispersion with the v2-f model", International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 32, pp. 943-963 (2011). 29. Moser, R.D., Kim, J., and Mansour, N.N. Direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel ow up to Re_ = 590", Phys. Fluids, 11, pp. 943-945 (1999). 30. Ounis, H., Ahmadi, G., and Mclaughlin, J.B. Brownian particle deposition in a directly simulated turbulent channel ow", Physics of Fluids A, 5, pp. 1427-1432 (1993). 31. Hudson, J.D. The e_ect of a wavy boundary on turbulent ow", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA (1993). 32. Montogomery, T.L. and Corn, M. Aerosol particle deposition in a pipe with turbulent ows", Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 62, pp. 185-194 (1970). 33. Kvansak, W., Ahmadi, G., Bayer, R., and Gaynes, M. Experimental investigation of duct particle deposition in a turbulent channel ow", Journal of Aerosol Science, 24, pp. 795-815 (1993).
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Constraint Control Method of Optimization and its Application to Design of Steel Frames
Different optimization methods are available for optimum design of structures including; classical optimization techniques and meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. However, engineers do not generally use optimization techniques to design a structure. They attempt to decrease the structural weight and increase its performance and efficiency, empirically, by changing the variables and controlling the constraints. Based on this professional engineering design philosophy, in this paper, a simple algorithm, termed the Constraint Control Method (CCM), is developed and presented whereby optimum design is achieved gradually by controlling the problem constraints. Starting with oversized sections, the design is gradually improved by changing sections based on a ‘control function’ and controlling the constraints to be below the target values. As the constraints move towards their targets, the design moves towards an optimum. The general functionality of the proposed algorithm is first demonstrated by solving several linear and nonlinear mathematical problems which have exact answers. The performance of the algorithm is then evaluated through comparing design optimization results of three, 2D steel frame benchmark problems with those from other, metaheuristic optimization solutions. the proposed method leads to the minimum structural weight while performing much smaller number of structural analyses, compared to other optimization methods.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21442_6bef10414e2a28e293e7a788813f5e14.pdf
2019-08-01
2241
2257
10.24200/sci.2019.21442
constraint control method
Optimum design
Steel frames
metaheuristic optimization algorithms
global search
S.F.
Mansouri
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.R.
Maheri
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Razani, R. Behavior of fully stressed design of structures and its relationship to minimum weight design", AIAA J., 3(12), pp. 2262-2268 (1965).
2
2. Gallagher, R.H. and Zienkiewicz, O.C., Fully Stressed Design. Optimum Structural Design, John Wiley & Sons, London (1973).
3
3. Patnaik, S.N. and Hopkins, D.A. Optimality of a fully stress design", Comput Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 165, pp. 215-221 (1998).
4
4. Haftka, R.T. and Starnes, J.H. Applications of a quadratic extended interior penalty function for structural optimization", AIAA J., 14, pp. 718-724 (1976). 5. Baugh Jr., J.W., Caldwell, S.C., and Brill Jr., E.D. A mathematical programming approach to generate alternatives in discrete structural optimization", Eng. Optim., 28, pp. 1-31 (1997). 6. Brill Jr., E.D., Flach, J.M., Hopkins, L.D., and Ranjithan, S. MGA: A decision support for complex, incompletely de_ned problems", IEEE Trans. Systems, Man. Cybernet., 20(4), pp. 745-757 (1990). 7. Kripakaran, P., Hall, B., and Gupta, A. A genetic algorithm for design of moment-resisting steel frames", Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 44(4), pp. 559-574 (2011). 8. Flager, F., Soremekun, G., Adya, A., Shea, K., Haymaker, J., and Fischer, M. Fully constrained design: A general and scalable method for discrete member sizing optimization of steel truss structures", Comput. Struct., 140, pp. 55-65 (2014). 9. Azad, S.K. and Hasan_cebi, O. Computationally e_- cient discrete sizing of steel frames via guided stochastic search heuristic", Comput. Struct., 156, pp. 12-28 (2015). 10. Mahallati Rayeni, A., Ghohani Arab, H., and Ghasemi, M.R. Optimization of steel moment frame by a proposed evolutionary algorithm", Int. J. Optim. Civil Eng., 8(4), pp. 511- 524 (2018). 2256 S.F. Mansouri and M.R. Maheri/Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2241{2257 11. Goldberg, D.E., Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization & Machine Learning, MA: Addison Wesley (1989). 12. Dorigo, M., Maniezzo, V., and Colorni, A. The ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents", IEEE Trans. System Man. Cybernet., 26(1), pp. 29-41 (1996). 13. Fourie, P. and Groenwold, A. The particle swarm optimization algorithm in size and shape optimization", Struct Multidiscip Optim., 23, pp. 259-267 (2002). 14. Geem, Z.W., Kim, J.H., and Loganathan, G.V. A new heuristic optimization algorithm", Harmony Search Simul., 76, pp. 60-88 (2001). 15. Kaveh, A. and Talatahari, S. Optimum design of skeletal structures using imperialist competitive algorithm", Comput Struct., 88, pp. 1220-1229 (2010). 16. Bozorg Haddad, O. and Afshar, A. MBO (Marriage Bees Optimization), a new heuristic approach in hydrosystems design and operation", Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Managing Rivers in the 21st Century: Issues and Challenges., Penang, Malaysia, pp. 499-504 (2004). 17. To_gan, V. Design of planar steel frames using teaching-learning based optimization", Eng. Struct., 34, pp. 225-232 (2012). 18. Glover, F. Heuristic for integer programming using surrogate constraints", Decis. Sci., 8(1), pp. 156-166 (1977). 19. Kirkpatrick, S., Gelatt, C., and Vecchi, M. Optimization by simulated annealing", Science, 220(4598), pp. 671-680 (1983). 20. Safari, D., Maheri, M.R., and Maheri, A. Optimum design of steel frames using a multiple-deme PGA with improved reproduction operators", J Constr Steel Res., 67(8), pp. 1232-1243 (2011). 21. Maheri, M.R., Askarian, M., and Shojaee, S. Size and topology optimization of trusses using hybrid geneticparticle swarm algorithms", Iranian J. Sci Tech: Trans Civil Eng., 40(3), pp. 179-193 (2016). 22. Kaveh, A. and Mahjoubi, S. Lion pride optimization algorithm: A meta-heuristic method for global optimization problems", Scientia Iranica, 25, pp. 3113- 3132 (2018). 23. Maheri, MR. and Narimani, M.M. An enhanced harmony search algorithm for optimum design of side sway steel frames", Comput Struct., 136, pp. 78-89 (2014). 24. Maheri, M.R. and Talezadeh, M. An enhanced imperialist competitive algorithm for optimum design of skeletal structures", Swarm Evolut Comput., 40, pp. 24-36 (2018). 25. Maheri, M.R., Shokrian, H., and Narimani, M.M. An enhanced honey bee mating optimization algorithm for design of side sway steel frames", Adv Eng Software, 109, pp. 62-72 (2017). 26. Kaveh, A. and Dadras, A. Optimal decomposition of _nite element meshes via k-median methodology and di_erent metaheuristics", Int. J. Optim. Civil Eng., 8(2), pp. 227-246 (2018). 27. Kaveh, A., Mahjoubi, S., and Ghazaan, M. Comparison of four meta-heuristic algorithms for optimal design of double-layer barrel vaults", Int. J. Space Struct., 33(3-4), pp. 115-123 (2018). 28. Gerist, S. and Maheri, M.R. Structural damage detection using imperialist competitive algorithm", Applied Soft Computing., 77, pp. 1-23 (2019). 29. Saka, M.P. Optimum design of skeletal structures: a review", In Topping B.H.V, editor, Progress in Civil and Structural Engineering Computing, Stirlingshire, UK: Saxe-Coburg Publications; pp. 237-84, Chapter 10 (2003). 30. Lamberti, L. and Pappalettere, C. Metaheuristic design optimization of skeletal structures: a review", Comput. Technol. Rev., 4, pp. 1-32 (2011). 31. Saka, M.P. and Do_gan, E. Recent developments in metaheuristic algorithms: a review", Comput Technol Rev., 5, pp. 31-78 (2012). 32. Frederick, S.H. and Gerald, J.L., Introduction to Operations Research, 9th. Ed. New York, McGraw Hill (2010). 33. American Institute of Steel Construction, Manual of Steel Construction: Load and Resistance Factor Design, Chicago (2001). 34. Pezeshk, S., Camp, C.V., and Chen, D. Design of nonlinear framed structures using genetic algorithms", J Struct Eng. ASCE, 126(3), pp. 382-388 (2000). 35. Camp, C.V., Bichon, B.J., and Stovall, S.P. Design of steel frames using ant colony optimization", J. Struct Eng. ASCE, 131(3), pp. 369-379 (2005). 36. De_gertekin, S.O. Optimum design of steel frames using harmony search algorithm", Struct Multi Optim., 36, pp. 393-401 (2008). 37. Safari, D., Maheri, M.R., and Maheri, A. On the performance of a modi_ed multi-deme genetic algorithm in LRFD design of steel frames", Iran J Sci. Tech.: Trans Civil Eng., 37, pp. 169-190 (2013). 38. Kaveh, A. and Talatahari, S. An improved ant colony optimization for the design of planar steel frames", Eng Struct., 32, pp. 864-873 (2010). 39. Do_gan, E. and Saka, M.P. Optimum design of unbraced steel frames to LRFD-AISC using particle swarm optimization", Adv Eng Software, 46, pp. 27-34 (2012). 40. Dumonteil, P. Simple equations for e_ective length factors", Eng. J. AISE, 29(3), pp. 111-115 (1992).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A new higher-order strain-based plane element
A new higher-order triangular plane element with drilling degrees of freedom is proposed by assumption of second-order strain field. In addition to inclusion of drilling degrees of freedom and utilization of higher-order assumes strains, satisfaction of equilibrium equations improves performance of the suggested element in comparison with many of the other available elements. After proposition of the new element, a series of benchmark problems are solved to evaluate performance of the suggested element. Accuracy and efficiency of the suggested element is compared with other strain-based plane elements. Detailed discussions are offered after each benchmark problem. Finally, based on the attained results, a final conclusion about characteristics of robust membrane elements is made.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21429_4d7929233b5fdb27a0812f0bf7a56bc4.pdf
2019-08-01
2258
2275
10.24200/sci.2019.21429
Strain-based formulation
second-order strain field, equilibrium condition, numerical evaluation, drilling degrees of freedom
M.
Rezaiee-Pajand
mrpajand@yahoo.com
1
School of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Gharaei-Moghaddam
2
School of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
MR.
Ramezani
3
School of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Zienkiewicz, O.C. and Taylor, R.L., The Finite Element Method for Solid and Structural Mechanics, Elsevier (2005).
2
2. Hughes, T.J.R., Taylor, R.L., and Kanoknukulchai, W. A simple and e_cient _nite element for plate bending", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 11(10), pp. 1529-1543 (1977).
3
3. Reddy, J.N., An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, New York, USA: McGraw-Hill (1993). 4. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Gharaei-Moghaddam, N. Analysis of 3D Timoshenko frames having geometrical and material nonlinearities", Int. J. of Mech. Sci., 94, pp. 140-155 (2015). 5. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Gharaei-Moghaddam, N. Frame nonlinear analysis by force method", Int. J. Ste. Str., 17(2), pp. 609-629 (2017). 6. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Gharaei-Moghaddam, N. Using co-rotational method for cracked frame analysis", Meccanica, 53(8), pp. 2121-2143 (2018). 7. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Gharaei-Moghaddam, N. Force-based curved beam elements with open radial edge cracks", Mech. Adv. Mater. Struc., pp. 1-13 (2018). DOI: 10.1080/15376494.2018.1472326 8. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Gharaei-Moghaddam, N. Vibration and static analysis of cracked and non-cracked non-prismatic frames by force formulation", Eng. Str., 185, pp. 106-121 (2019). 9. Sabir, A.B. A rectangular and triangular plane elasticity element with drilling degrees of freedom", 2nd Int. Conf. on Var. Meth. in Engrg., Southampton, UK, pp. 17-25 (1985). 10. Sabir, A.B. and Sfendji, A. Triangular and rectangular plane elasticity _nite elements", Thin. Wall. Struct., 21(3), pp. 225-232 (1995). 11. Tayeh, S.M., New Strain-Based Triangular and Rectangular Finite Elements for Plane Elasticity Problems, The Islamic University of Gaza (2003). 12. Belarbi, M.T. and Bourezane, M. On improved Sabir triangular element with drilling rotation", Rev. Europ. G_en. Civ., 9(9-10), pp. 1151-1175 (2005). 13. Belarbi, M.T. and Bourezane, M. An assumed strain based on triangular element with drilling rotation", Cour. Sav., 6, pp. 117-123 (2005). 14. Belarbi, M.T. and Maalem, T. On improved rectangular _nite element for plane linear elasticity analysis", Rev. Europ. El_em., 14(8), pp. 985-997 (2005). 15. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Yaghoobi, M. Formulating an e_ective generalized four-sided element", Eur. J. Mech. A-Solid, 36, pp. 141-155 (2012). 16. Rezaiee Pajand, M. and Yaghoobi, M. A free of parasitic shear strain formulation for plane element", Res. Civ. Env. Eng., 1, pp. 1-24 (2013). 17. Rebiai, C. and Belounar, L. A new strain based rectangular _nite element with drilling rotation for linear and nonlinear analysis", Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 13(1), pp. 72-81 (2013). 18. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Yaghoobi, M. A robust triangular membrane element", Lat. Amer. J. Sol. Struc., 11(14), pp. 2648-2671 (2014). 2274 M. Rezaiee-Pajand et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2258{2275 19. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Yaghoobi M. An e_cient formulation for linear and geometric non-linear membrane elements", Lat. Amer. J. Sol. and Struc., 11(6), pp. 1012-1035 (2014). 20. Rebiai, C. and Belounar, L. An e_ective quadrilateral membrane _nite element based on the strain approach", Measurement, 50, pp. 263-269 (2014). 21. Rebiai, C., Saidani, N., and Bahloul, E. A new _nite element based on the strain approach for linear and dynamic analysis", Res. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. Tech., 11(6), pp. 639-644 (2015). 22. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Yaghoobi, M. Two new quadrilateral elements based on strain states", Civ. Eng. Inf. J., 48(1), pp. 133-156 (2015). 23. Hamadi, D., Ayoub, A., and Maalem, T. A new strain-based _nite element for plane elasticity problems", Eng. Comp., 33(2), pp. 562-579 (2016). 24. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Yaghoobi, M. Geometrical nonlinear analysis by plane quadrilateral element", Sci. Ira., 25(5), pp. 2488-2500 (2018). 25. Rebiai, C. Finite element analysis of 2-D structures by new strain based triangular element", J. Mech., 35(3) pp. 1-9 (2018). 26. Rezaiee Pajand, M., Gharaei Moghaddam, N., and Ramezani, M.R. Two triangular membrane elements based on strain", Int. J. Appl. Mech., 11(1), p. 1950010 (2019). 27. Belounar, L. and Guenfoud, M. A new rectangular _nite element based on the strain approach for plate bending", Thin Wall. Struct., 43(1), pp. 47-63 (2005). 28. Hamadi, D., Abderrahmani, S., Maalem, T., and Temami, O. E_ciency of the strain based approach formulation for plate bending analysis", Int. J. Mech. Aero. Ind. Mechatr. Manufac. Eng., 8(8), pp. 1408- 1412 (2014). 29. Abderrahmani, S., Maalem, T., and Hamadi, D. On improved thin plate bending rectangular _nite element based on the strain approach", Int. J. Eng. Res. Afr., 27, pp. 76-86 (2016). 30. Abderrahmani, S., Maalem, T., Zatar, A., and Hamadi, D. A new strain based sector _nite element for plate bending problems", Int. J. Eng. Res. Afr., 31, pp. 1-13 (2017). 31. Belarbi, M.T. and Charif, A. Novel sector element based on strain with in-plane rotations", Rev. Europ. El_em., 7(4), pp. 439-458 (1998) (In French). 32. Belounar, A., Benmebarek, S., and Belounar, L. Strain based triangular _nite element for plate bending analysis", Mech. Adv. Mater. Struc., pp. 1-13 (2018). DOI: 10.1080/15376494.2018.1488310 33. Ashwell, D.G. and Sabir, A.B. A new cylindrical shell _nite element based on simple independent strain functions", Int. J. Mech. Sci., 14(3), pp. 171-183 (1972). 34. Djoudi, M.S. and Bahai, H. Strain based _nite element for the vibration of cylindrical panels with openings", Thin wall. Struct., 42(4), pp. 575-588 (1972). 35. Hamadi, D., Temami, O., Zatar, A., and Abderrahmani, S. A comparative study between displacement and strain based formulated _nite elements applied to the analysis of thin shell structures", Int. J. Civ. Env. Struc. Const. Arch. Eng., 8(8), pp. 875-880 (2014). 36. Mousa, A. and Djoudi, M. New strain based triangular _nite element for the vibration of circular cylindrical shell with oblique ends", Int. J. Civ. Env. Eng., 15(5), pp. 6-11 (2015). 37. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Yaghoobi, M. An e_cient at shell element", Meccanica, 53(4-5), pp. 1015-1035 (2018). 38. To, C.W.S. and Liu, M.L. Hybrid strain based threenode at triangular shell elements", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 17(3), pp. 169-203 (1994). 39. Rezaiee-Pajand, M. and Yaghoobi, M. A hybrid stress plane element with strain _eld", Civ. Eng. Inf. J., 50(2), pp. 255-275 (2017). 40. Belounar, L. and Guerraiche, K. A new strain based brick element for plate bending", Alex. Eng. J., 53(1), pp. 95-105 (2014). 41. Guerraiche, K., Belounar, L., and Bouzidi, L. A new eight nodes brick _nite element based on the strain approach", J. Solid Mech., 10(1), pp. 186-199 (2018). 42. Messai, A., Belounar, L., and Merzouki, T. Static and free vibration of plates with a strain based brick element", Eur. J. Comp. Mech., pp. 1-21 (2018). DOI: 10.1080/17797179.2018.1560845 43. Alvin, K., Horacio, M., Haugen, B., and Felippa, C.A. Membrane triangles with corner drilling freedoms-I. The EFF element", Finite Elem. Anal. Des., 12(3-4), pp. 163-187 (1992). 44. Allman, D.J. A quadrilateral _nite element including vertex rotations for plane elasticity analysis", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 26(3), pp. 717-730 (1988). 45. Cook, R.D. A plane hybrid element with rotational DOF and adjustable sti_ness", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 24(8), pp. 1499-1508 (1987). 46. MacNeal, R.H. and Harder, R.L. A re_ned fournoded membrane element with rotational degrees of freedom", Comput. Struct., 28(1), pp. 75-84 (1988). 47. Cook, R.D. Some options for plane triangular elements with rotational degrees of freedom", Finite Eleme. Anal. Des., 6(3), pp. 245-249 (1990). 48. Cook, R.D. Modi_ed formulations for nine-dof plane triangles that include vertex rotations", Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 31(5), pp. 825-835 (1991). 49. Felippa, C.A. A study of optimal membrane triangles with drilling freedoms", Comput. Meth. Appl. M., 192(16-18), pp. 2125-2168 (2003). 50. Timoshenko, S.P. and Goodier, J.N., Theory of Elasticity, 3rd Edn., McGraw-Hill: New York, U.S. (1934).
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Endurance Time Analysis of skewed slab-on-girder bridges: The significance of the excitation angle
In this paper the influence of excitation angle on the Endurance Time (ET) analysis of skewed slab-on-girder bridges is studied. The excitation of the structure due to critical angle leads to the maximum seismic responses that are sometimes significantly higher than the average. The modeled bridges are slab-on-girder type which are typically used as highway bridges. The bridge models have skew angles of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 degrees. The ET excitations exerted on the structures cover a broad range of hazard levels. The results provide some insight for choosing multiple excitation angles in such a way that balances computational costs and retains acceptable accuracy for practical design purposes. Sensitivity of life cycle cost (LCC) to skewness is also studied.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21371_73886003d3fadd55856bb39e287e799c.pdf
2019-08-01
2276
2285
10.24200/sci.2019.21371
Slab-on-girder bridge
Seismic analysis
Endurance Time method
Skewed bridge
Critical excitation angle
Life Cycle Cost analysis
H.E.
Estekanchi
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
E.
Ghaffari
ghaffari@alum.sharif.edu
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Haghani-Baei
ali.haghani93@student.sharif.edu
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Buckle, I.G., The Northridge, California Earthquake of January 17, 1994: Performance of Highway Bridges, NCEER-94-0008, National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, Bu_alo (NY) (1994).
2
2. Jennings, P.C., Engineering Features of the San Fernando Earthquake of February 9, 1971, Report no. EERL-71-02, Earthquake Engineering Research Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena (1971).
3
3. Ghobarah, A. and Tso, W. Seismic analysis of skewed highway bridges with intermediate supports", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 2(3), pp. 235-248 (1973). 4. Maragakis, E.A. and Jennings, P.C. Analytical models for the rigid body motions of skew bridges", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 15(8), pp. 923-944 (1987). 5. Abdel-Mohti, A. and Pekcan, G. Seismic response of skewed RC box-girder bridges", Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7(4), pp. 415-426 (2008). 6. Kaviani, P., Zareian, F., and Taciroglu, E. Seismic behavior of reinforced concrete bridges with skewangled seat-type abutments", Engineering Structures, 45, pp. 137-150 (2012). 7. AASHTO, AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Speci_cations, American Association of State Highway and Transportation O_cials (2014). 8. Maleki, S. and Bisadi, V. Orthogonal e_ects in seismic analysis of skewed bridges", Journal of Bridge Engineering, 11(1), pp. 122-130 (2006). 9. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. Incremental dynamic analysis", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, 31(3), pp. 491-514 (2002). 10. Estekanchi, H.E. and Vafai, H., Seismic Analysis and Design Using the Endurance Time Method, Volume I: Concepts and Development, Momentum Press (2018). 11. Bazmooneh, A. and Estekanchi, H.E. Determination of target time for endurance time method at di_erent seismic hazard levels", Scientia Iranica. Transactions A, Civil Engineering, 25(1), pp. 33-49 (2018). 12. FEMA, 440, Improvement of Nonlinear Static Seismic Analysis Procedures, Federal Emergency Management Agency: Washington, D.C. (2005). 13. Estekanchi, H.E. Endurance Time method website", https://sites.google.com/site/etmethod/ (2018). 14. Mirzaee, A., Estekanchi, H.E., and Vafai, A. Improved methodology for endurance time analysis: From time to seismic hazard return period", Scientia Iranica, 19(5), pp. 1180-1187 (2012). 15. USGS United states geological survey hazard maps", https://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/hazmaps (2017). 16. Maleki, S. E_ect of deck and support sti_ness on seismic response of slab-girder bridges", Engineering Structures, 24(2), pp. 219-226 (2002). 17. AASHTO, AASHTO Guide Speci_cations for LRFD Seismic Bridge Design, American Association of State Highway and Transportation O_cials (2011). 18. Mirzaee, A. Application of endurance time method in performance-based design", PhD Dissertation, Sharif University of Technology (2013). 19. Solberg, K., Mander, J., and Dhakal, R. A rapid _nancial seismic risk assessment methodology with application to bridge piers", In 19th Biennial Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Christchurch, New Zealand (2006). 20. Padgett, J.E., Dennemann, K., and Ghosh, J. Riskbased seismic life-cycle cost-bene_t (LCC-B) analysis for bridge retro_t assessment", Structural Safety, 32(3), pp. 165-173 (2010). 21. Basim, M.C., Estekanchi, H., and Vafai, A. A methodology for value based seismic design of structures by the endurance time method", Scientia Iranica, Transactions A, Civil Engineering, 23(6), p. 2514 (2016). 22. Gha_ari, E., Estekanchi, H.E., and Vafai, A. Application of Endurance Time method in seismic analysis of bridges", Scientia Iranica, (2018) (In Press). DOI:10.24200/sci.2018.5041.1382
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A novel damage detection method based on flexibility identification theory and data fusion technique
An improved flexibility-based method hasbeen proposed in this studyfor damage detection, in which multi-scale convolution is utilized to decrease the interference of the measurementnoise and theDempster-Shafer evidence theory has been adopted to combine all scale information together to amplifythe damage characteristics. Threemain features make theproposed method distinguish with previous study:1)The proposed method is a kind of no-baseline flexibility-based method. Namely, this method can locate the damage with the absence of intact structural flexibility serving as baseline; 2) The flexibilityis estimated without requiring known the structural mass, which is a necessary in traditional method for flexibility estimation; 3) By utilizing multi-scale space theory and data fusion approach, the proposed methodhas a superior noise tolerant ability. Both numerical and experimental examples have been studied to reveal the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methodindifferent noise level. The comparison between traditionalmethod and proposed method demonstrates that the latteris well suited to detect damage in beams structure in a noisy environment.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21419_f21590211b6ebf9915587b2ac88f2ec7.pdf
2019-08-01
2286
2298
10.24200/sci.2019.21419
Damage detection
Flexibility
Dempster-Shafer evidence theory
Noisy environment
Curvature
Y.Y.
Cheng
1
School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
AUTHOR
C.Y.
Zhao
2
School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
AUTHOR
J.
Zhang
3
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Engineering Mechanics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Kaveh, A. and Zolghadr, A. An improved charged system search for structural damage identi_cation in beams and frames using changes in natural frequencies", Int. J. of Optim. Civil. Eng., 3(2), pp. 321-340 (2012).
2
2. Kaveh, A. and Zolghadr, A. An improved CSS for damage detection of truss structures using changes in natural frequencies", Adv Eng Softw, 80, pp. 93-100 (2015).
3
3. Cimellaro, G.P., Pianta, S., and Destefano, A. Output-only modal identi_cation of ancient L'Aquila city hall and civic tower", ASCE J Struct Eng., 138(4), pp. 481-491 (2012).
4
4. Zhang, J., Prader, J., Moon, F., et al. Experimental vibration analysis for structural identi_cation of a long span suspension bridge", ASCE J Eng Mech., 139(6), pp. 748-759 (2013). 5. Kaveh, A. and Maniat, A. Damage detection based on MCSS and PSO using modal data", Smart Structures and Systems, 5(15), pp. 1253-1270 (2015). 6. Kaveh, A. and Zolghadr, A. A guided modal strain energy based approach for structural damage identi _cation using tug of war optimization algorithm", ASCE, J Comput Civil Eng., 31(4), pp. 1-12 (2017). DOI:04017016 7. Kaveh, A., Vaez, S.R. Hoseini, and Hosseini, P. Enhanced vibrating particle system algorithm for damage identi_cation of truss structure", Sci Iran, 26(1), pp. 246-256 (2019). 8. Zimmerman, D.C. and Kaouk, M. Structural damage detection using a minimum rank update theory", J Vib Acoust, 116, pp. 222-231 (1994). 9. Lu, Q., Ren, G., and Zhao, Y. Multiple damage location with exibility curvature and relative frequency change for beam structures", J Sound Vib, 253(5), pp. 1101-1114 (2002). 10. Grande, E. and Imbimbo, M. A multi-stage approach for damage detection in structural systems based on exibility", Mech Syst Signal Process, 76-77, pp. 455- 475 (2016). 11. Zhang, Z. and Aktan, A.E. Application of modal exibility and its derivatives in structural identi_cation", Res Nondestruct Eval, 10, pp. 43-61 (1998). 12. Wang, J. and Qiao, P. Improved damage detection for beam-type structures using a uniform load surface", Struct Health Monit, 6, pp. 99-112 (2007). 13. Bernal, D. and Gunes, B. Flexibility based approach for damage characterization: benchmark application", J Eng Mech, 130, pp. 61-70 (2004). 14. Yan, W.J. and Ren, W.X. Closed-form modal exibility sensitivity and its application to structural damage detection without modal truncation error", J Vib Control, 20(12), pp. 1816-1830 (2014). 15. Zhang, J., Xu, J.C., Guo, S.L., et al. Flexibility-based structural damage detection with unknown mass for IASC-ASCE benchmark studies", Eng Struct, 48, pp. 486-496 (2013). 16. Pandey, A.K. and Biswas, M. Damage detection in structure using changes in exibility", J. Sound Vib, 169(1), pp. 3-17 (1994). 17. Hosseinzadeh, A.Z., Amiri, G.G., and Razzaghi, S.A.S., et al. Structural damage detection using sparse sensors installation by optimization procedure based on the modal exibility matrix", J Sound Vib, 381, pp. 65-82 (2016). 18. Cheng, Y.Y., Zhao, C.Y., and Zhang, J. Application of a novel long-gauge _ber bragg grating sensor for corrosion detection via a two-level strategy", Sensors, 19(4), 954, pp. 1-18 (2019). DOI: 10.3390/s19040954 19. Sazonov, E. and Klinkhachorn, P. Optimal spatial sampling interval for damage detection by curvature or strain energy mode shapes", J. Sound Vib, 285, pp. 783-801 (2005). 20. Cao, M.S. and Qiao, P.Z. Novel Laplacian scheme and multiresolution modal curvatures for structural damage identi_cation", Mech. Syst. Signal Process, 23, pp. 1223-1242 (2009). 21. Chandrashekhar, M. and Ganguli, R. Damage assessment of structures with uncertainty by using mode shape curvatures and fuzzy logic", J Sound Vib., 326, pp. 939-957 (2009). 22. Cao, M.S., Radzienski, M., and Xu, W., et al. Identi- _cation of multiple damage in beams based on robust curvature mode shapes", Mech. Syst. Signal Process, 46, pp. 468-480 (2014). 23. Guo, H. Structural damage detection using information fusion technique", Mech. Syst. Signal Process, 20(5), pp. 1173-1188 (2006). 24. Grande, E. and Imbimbo, M. A multi-stage approach for damage detection of linear system based on modal strain energy", J. Civil Struct. Health Mon, 4, pp. 107- 118 (2014). 25. Guo, T. and Xu, Z.L. Data fusion of multi-scale representations for structural damage detection", Mech. Syst. Signal Process, 98, pp. 1020-1033 (2018). 26. Peeters, B., Van der Auweraer, H., Guillaume, P., et al. The PolyMAX frequency domain method: a new standard for modal parameter estimation", Shock Vib., 11(3-4), pp. 395-409 (2004). 27. Catbas, F.N., Brown, D.L., and Aktan, A.E. Use of modal exibility for damage detection and condition 2298 Y.Y. Cheng et al./Scientia Iranica, Transactions A: Civil Engineering 26 (2019) 2286{2298 assessment: case studies and demonstrations on large structures", J Struct Eng., 132(11), pp. 1699-1712 (2006). 28. Reynders, E. and Roeck, G.D. Referenced-based combined deterministic-stochastic subspace identi_cation for experimental and operational modal analysis", Mech Syst Signal Process, 22(22), pp. 617-637 (2006). 29. Teager, H.M. and Teager S.M., A Phenomenological Model for Vowel Production in the Cocal Tract, College-Hill Press, San Diego (1983). 30. Kaiser, J.F. On a simple algorithm to calculate the energy of a signal", in IEEE Proceeding, ICASSP-90, pp. 381-384 (1990). 31. Shafer, G., A Mathematical Theory of Evidence, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ (1976).
5
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of utilizing glass fiber-reinforced polymer on flexural strengthening of RC arches
An experimental study on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) arches strengthened with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) layers is performed. Totally, 36 specimens including 3 un-strengthened (control) and 33 strengthened RC arches were tested under centrally concentrated point load. The variables of this study were the steel reinforcement ratios, number of GFRP layers, and location and arrangement of GFRP layers. The failure mode, load-displacement response of specimens, crack propagation patterns, and GFRP debonding were examined. The extrados strengthening method was more effective than intrados strengthening approach in improving the failure load and rigidity of the arches. However, applying excessive GFRP layers at extrados can change the failure mode of arches from flexural to shear failure. The dominant failure mode of specimens was flexural and ductile failure due to the formation of five-hinge mechanism. Generally, GFRP strengthening could augment the ultimate load carrying capacity, secant stiffness, and energy absorption capacity of arch specimens by up to about 154, 300, and 93 percent, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the level of influence of each considered parameters on the behavior of RC arches. Finally, Analytical approach predicts the experimental data on arches with five-hinge failure mechanism satisfactorily.
https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21512_99cbc0d49f017e68f7f040679f908148.pdf
2019-08-01
2299
2309
10.24200/sci.2019.21512
Reinforced concrete arch
glass fiber-reinforced polymer
Flexural strengthening
five-hinge mechanism
statistical analysis
H.
Moradi
moradi121350@gmail.com
1
Department of Civil Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, International Campus, Kish Island, Iran
AUTHOR
A.R.
Khaloo
khaloo@sharif.edu
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Shekarchi
m.shekarchi1992@gmail.com
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Kazemian
alirezak.1991@gmail.com
4
Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Refrences:
1
1.Garmendia, L., San-Jos_e, J.T., Garc__a, D., et al. Rehabilitation of masonry arches with compatible advanced composite material", Construction and Building Materials, 25(12), pp. 4374-4385 (2011).
2
2. Alves, M., Vaz, C., Gomes, A., et al. Restoration of the masonry arch bridge over Jamor river in the national palace of queluz", In Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions, R. Aguilar, Ed., RILEM Bookseries, Springer, Cham, 18, pp. 2483-2491 (2019).
3
3. Theriault, M. and Benmokrane, B. E_ects of FRP reinforcement ratio and concrete strength on exural behavior of concrete beams", Journal of Composites for Construction, 2(1), pp. 7-16 (1998).
4
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