@article { author = {Wang, X. and Dai, W.}, title = {Numerical investigation into natural convection of nanofluids in an inclined square enclosure with non-uniform heated walls}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2311-2328}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.20327}, abstract = {Studying on natural convection of nanofluids in enclosures with non-uniform heated walls is important for many engineering applications such as solar energy collection. In this article, we develop a fully higher-order compact (FHOC) finite difference method to investigate the natural convection and heat transfer of nanofluids in an inclined square enclosure with sinusoidal temperature distributions. Numerical simulations have been performed over a range of amplitude ratio, inclination angles, phase deviation, nanoparticles volume fraction, and Rayleigh number. Results show that heat transfer can exchange significantly by increasing the amplitude ratio and inclination angles in nanofluids. Moreover, elevating the nanoparticles volume fraction doesn't always enhance the heat transfer of nanofluids. When the Rayleigh number  is low ( = ), the average Nusselt number decreases as the solid volume fraction parameter  increases. On the other hand, elevating  has favorable effects on the heat transfer of nanofluids when  is high (e.g., , ). When , the total heat transfer rate decreases in the order of nanoparticles arranged as Cu, CuO, Al2O3, and TiO2. Finally, a correlated expression of the total average Nusselt number, the Rayleigh number and the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles is empirically obtained.}, keywords = {Natural convection,inclined enclosure,nanofluids,sinusoidal temperature}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20327.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20327_aac8f27b123d10fe558fe1ee09283290.pdf} } @article { author = {Ezzatneshan, E.}, title = {Implementation of curved wall boundary and absorbing open boundary conditions for the D3Q19 lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of in compressible fluid flows}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2329-2341}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.20608}, abstract = {In this work, a three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method is developed for numerical simulation of the fluid flows around the arbitrary geometries in the wide range of Reynolds numbers. For efficient simulation of high Reynolds number flow structures in the turbulent regime, a large eddy simulation (LES) approach with the Smagorinsky subgrid turbulence model is employed. An absorbing boundary condition based on the concept of sponge layer is improved and implemented to damp the vorticity fluctuations near the open boundaries and regularize the numerical solution by significantly reducing the spurious reflections from the open boundaries. An off-lattice scheme with a polynomial interpolation is used for implementation of curved boundary conditions for the arbitrary geometries. The efficiency and accuracy of the numerical approach presented are examined by computing the low to high Reynolds number flows around the practical geometries, including the flow past a sphere in a range of Reynolds numbers from 102 to 104 and flow around the NACA0012 wing section in two different flow conditions. The present results are in good agreement with the numerical and experimental data reported in the literature. The study demonstrates the present computational technique is robust and efficient for solving flow problems with practical geometries.}, keywords = {3-D lattice Boltzmann method,curved wall boundary condition,absorbing open boundary condition,high Reynolds numbers,arbitrary geometries}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20608.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20608_7cec8e2f6feed6f605cefbf0007618af.pdf} } @article { author = {Makinde, O. D. and Gnaneswara Reddy, M.}, title = {MHD peristaltic slip flow of Casson fluid and heat transfer in channel filled with a porous medium}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2342-2355}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.20319}, abstract = {We examine the effect of velocity slip on hydromagnetic peristaltic flow of a Casson fluid and heat transfer through an asymmetric channel fluid filled a porous medium.The model governing equations are obtained, simplified using long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions and then tackled analytically.Numerical result for effects of embedded parameters on the stream function, axial velocity, pressure drop, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number are presented graphically and discussed. It is found that thepermeability parameter enhances the size of the trapped bolus while velocity slip diminishes it. A rise in magnetic field intensity and Cason fluid parameters decrease the both velocity and temperature profiles.The present problem is of substantial importance in crude oil refinement and biomedical engineering.}, keywords = {Peristaltic flow,MHD,Casson fluid,Heat Transfer,Porous medium,Partial slip}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20319.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20319_f5e7cda776612508d1d4733fed47d2f3.pdf} } @article { author = {Bayat, M.R. and Baghani, M. and Shahsavari, H.}, title = {Finite element modeling and design of pH/temperature sensitive hydrogel based biphasic twisting actuators}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2356-2368}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.20603}, abstract = {In this article, a pH/temperature sensitive hydrogel based biphasic twisting actuator is presented and studied in various environmental conditions. The actuator consists of a neutral incompressible elastomeric phase attached to pH/temperature sensitive hydrogel phase which twists, when subjected to pH/temperature variation. The deformation of the actuator depends on the cross-section of the actuator as well as geometrical and environmental parameters. To have a guideline for the design of the biphasic twisting actuator, a finite element model of the mentioned structure is developed. A thermodynamic based constitutive model is used to describe the behavior of the hydrogel. The finite element method is used to resolve the homogeneous and inhomogeneous swelling of the pH/temperature responsive hydrogel to check the validity of the method. Finally, how various parameters affect the torsional behavior of the actuator is discussed in detail. According to the results, to get the maximum twisting angle it is recommended to use the actuator with the square cross-section. Also, the twisting angle can even increase more by decreasing the hydrogel size as well as increasing the length of the actuator.}, keywords = {self-twisting,bilayer,pH/temperature sensitive hydrogel,actuator,Finite Element Method}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20603.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20603_af711a2b3da4501940890005e0087c0a.pdf} } @article { author = {Esmailpour, K. and Azizi, A. and Hosseinalipour, S.M.}, title = {Numerical study of Jet Impingement Subcooled Boiling on the Superheated Surfaces}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2369-2381}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.20693}, abstract = {Cooling techniques of superheated surfaces by jet impingement with taking advantage of phase change phenomena i.e. boiling heat transfer has proven to be an efficient method because of its high rates of heat transfer. Furthermore, at a specified heat transfer coefficient, flow required for cooling purposes can reduce two orders of magnitude comparing to free-wall parallel flow which is important regarding to energy and water sustainability issues in various industries. This research mainly concerns numerical simulation of hydrodynamics and heat transfer phenomena regarding phase-change jet impingement on nucleate boiling region. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute wall boiling model based on Eulerian multiphase model and RNG K-ɛ turbulence model were employed. Each interfacial term was considered and selected based on proximity to real physical phenomena. The selected model in this research was validated by a previously done confined jet impingement subcooled boiling experiment (dielectric fluid-PF5060). Minimum error of 4% and maximum error of 15% were reached at stagnation point. As parametric study, the effect of jet Reynolds number based on nozzle hydraulic diameter at Re 2500 to 10000 and the effect of standoff distance of jet nozzle from target surface at H/D 2, 4 and 6 were investigated.}, keywords = {Jet Impingement,Subcooled Boiling,Eulerian Multiphase Model,Mass Transfer Enhancement,Interfacial terms}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20693.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20693_744ccbcc843e466f588125be7c70b4aa.pdf} } @article { author = {Farjam, T. and Saadat Foumani, M. and Delkhosh, M.}, title = {Optimization of multiple transmission layouts for minimal energy consumption of a battery electric vehicle}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2382-2393}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.20783}, abstract = {Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are a promising solution for reducing the impacts of passenger vehicles on the environment. However, their driving range is restricted due to the limitations of battery technologies. This range can be extended by adoption of multiple-speed transmissions. Most of the comparisons in the related studies are based on non-optimal designs or limited to modal driving cycles. Furthermore, the impact of power-split continuously variable transmission (PS-CVT) layout with type III power flow on the power consumption of BEVs has never been examined. In this paper, single, two and three-speed transmissions along with PS-CVTs with type I and III power flows are optimized for a case study BEV. Furthermore, the effect of push belt and full-toroidal CVTs in construction of PS-CVT are compared. The results demonstrate that a PS-CVT with type I power flow equipped with the full-toroidal CVT has the best performance. However, it reduces the energy consumption by 0.36% compared to the optimal two-speed layout. In addition, its ratio range is more limited which can negatively impact the dynamic performance. Finally, simulation of the optimal designs along a different cycle proves that the obtained results are consistent, regardless of the driving cycle.}, keywords = {Battery electric vehicle,continuously variable transmission,Power-split transmission,energy consumption,particle swarm optimization}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20783.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20783_50cd7189cde0c07307f54c4d6ce0c152.pdf} } @article { author = {Sajadi, B. and Saidi, M.H. and Ahmadi, G.}, title = {Numerical evaluation of the operating room ventilation performance: ultra-clean ventilation (UCV) systems}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2394-2406}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.5431.1269}, abstract = {The surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most important infectious problems in hospitals which may be happened in 2.6% of all surgeries. According to the literature, the primary source of SSI is the flakes released from the exposed skin of surgical staffs or patients. It is well known that appropriate ventilation strategy is the most effective way to control bacteria-carrying airborne particles responsible for SSI. In this research, the effect of the most dominant design parameter, namely inlet air velocity, on the ultra-clean ventilation (UVC) systems performance is evaluated in detail using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The results show an optimum value for the inlet air velocity which is mainly due to formation of a thermal plume over the wound tissue. This thermal plume protects the wound from contaminants deposition like a shield and may be disturbed at too high inlet air velocity. In addition, the effect of critical factors including the particle size the wound temperature, the operating lights boundary condition, and the existence of fixed and removable partitions on the optimum inlet air velocity is also investigated and discussed extensively.}, keywords = {Operating room (OR),Ultra-clean ventilation (UCV) system,Computational fluid dynamics (CFD),Surgical site infection (SSI),Surgical light}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21083.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21083_dc7acd0cd6fdf25617a27a29ccb357ec.pdf} } @article { author = {Goyal, A. and Garg, R.K.}, title = {Modeling and optimization of friction stir welding parameters in joining 5086 H32 aluminium alloy.}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2407-2417}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.5525.1325}, abstract = {The present manuscript focuses on developing a mathematical model to predict theintergranular corrosion rate of friction stir welded AA5086 H32 aluminium alloy joints. Sixfactors-Five levels central composite design matrix, having 52 experiments, is used for designof experiments. The developed model is used to examine the impact of studied processparameters i.e. rotational speed, welding speed, tool shoulder diameter, tool hardness, tiltangle , and pin profile on intergranular corrosion rate of the welded joints. Response surfacemethodology is used to optimize the process parameters for minimizing the susceptibility tointergranular corrosion attack. The optimum combination of studied parameters, to haveminimum corrosion rate i.e. 3.2 mg/cm2, is obtained as 1296 rpm rotational speed, 79.4mm/min welding speed, 14.9 mm tool shoulder diameter, 47.4 HRC tool hardness, 2.380 tiltangle, and square pin profile.}, keywords = {FSW,RSM,Aluminium alloys,Corrosion rate,optimization}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20432.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20432_be8daa2dd72694da41543efb8d948486.pdf} } @article { author = {langari, j. and Kolahan, F.}, title = {The effect of friction stir welding parameters on the microstructure, defects, and mechanical properties of AA7075-T651 joints}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2418-2430}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.5700.1434}, abstract = {This study aims to examine how friction stir welding parameters, such as welding speed and rotational rate, affect the microstructure, defects, and mechanical properties of AA7075-T651 aluminum alloy joints. It also assesses the relation of the defects and microstructure to the mechanical properties. Microstructural investigations using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated remarkable grain structure variations among the different welding zones. Especially, it was found out that the interface between welding nugget zone (WNZ) and thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) is a dominant determinant of the mechanical properties of joints. The importance of the interface comes from the fact that it is the most prone region to cracks, micro-cavities and tunneling defects. WNZ and TMAZ interfaces as well as their grain structures can be influenced by the heat generated from the friction between rotating tool and workpiece material. Therefore, coarser grain structures observed at the WNZ-TMAZ interfaces of the samples welded at higher rotational rates or lower welding speeds is due to the greater heat generated in such cases. Besides, microstructural variations in the weld zone affect the hardness and mechanical properties of weld joints. Thus, samples with coarse-grained structures display lower values of yield stress and microhardness.}, keywords = {Friction stir welding,microstructure,mechanical properties,Welding defects,AA7075–T651 aluminum alloy}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20614.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20614_15dd388f40480800842fcd4fbd64c8dd.pdf} } @article { author = {Safi Jahanshahi, A. and Saidi, A.R.}, title = {An Analytical Study on Mechanical Behavior of Human Arteries – A Nonlinear Elastic Double Layer Model}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2431-2440}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.5707.1433}, abstract = {The focus of this article is on analytical solution for stress and deformation of human arteries. The artery is considered as a long homogeneous isotropic cylinder. Hyperelastic, incompressible stress-strain behavior is used by adopting a classical Mooney-Rivlin material model. The elastic constants of the arteries are calculated by using the reported results of biaxial test. The analysis is based on both single and double layer arterial wall models and. Radial and circumferential stress distribution on the minimum and maximum blood pressure is calculated. Variation of radii due to internal pressure within the arteries is found which is in a good accordance with the experimental results. The results containing the changes in diameter and thickness together with the stress distribution for both single and double layer models have been plotted. It is shown that the major difference between the single and double layer models is in their stress distributions. The circumferential stress distribution for different human’s ages is plotted which shows that the stress increases by increasing the age due to decreasing the flexibility of the artery. It is also shown that despite the artery’s inner layer is softer than the outer layer, the maximum stresses occur at the inner layer.}, keywords = {Human Artery,Analytical solution,Non-Linear Elasticity,Large Deformation,Biaxial Test}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21012.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_21012_11d94e467dfce807ce471ac33fbe595e.pdf} } @article { author = {Rahi, A.}, title = {Investigation into size effect on lateral vibrations of a micro-drill subjected to an axial load using the modified couple stress theory}, journal = {Scientia Iranica}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, pages = {2441-2453}, year = {2019}, publisher = {Sharif University of Technology}, issn = {1026-3098}, eissn = {2345-3605}, doi = {10.24200/sci.2018.4959.1008}, abstract = {In this paper, the modified couple stress theory is used to capture size effect on dynamic behavior in a micro drill subjected to an axial load and a concentrated mass which is attached at its free end. Governing equations of lateral vibrations of the system and also associated boundary conditions are derived by obtaining the total kinetic and potential energies of the system and then using Hamilton’s principle. The Assumed Modes method has been applied to transform the governing partial differential equations into a set of infinite ordinary differential equations. Considering two terms of the equations, first two natural frequencies and also instability rotational speeds of the micro drill system are determined semi-analytically. Finally, numerical results of natural frequencies and also the threshold of instability speeds of the system are presented with respect to different values of the system parameters such as rotational speed, axial load, rotor length, concentrated mass, and also material length scale. The results show that the material length scale parameter is extremely effective on natural frequencies and also the threshold of instability speeds of the micro drill.}, keywords = {Micro drill,modified couple stress theory,Size-dependency,free vibration,Axial load}, url = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20496.html}, eprint = {https://scientiairanica.sharif.edu/article_20496_4df6cad3f0926a856c65f6e9264c0782.pdf} }